Wikimore

Hi there, My name is Ed. I build things with 3-D molecular building and simulation software. I start with simple 3-d models, add them together with standard bonding rules, and construct larger molecules. This page shows examples of what can be constructed together with the building pieces and steps I use to construct molecules. If you feel a 3-d animation picture is appropriate somewhere, please leave me a note and I will try to make copy.

Molecular bonding pictures

Covalent bonding

Examples of building structurally correct covalent bonds

Hydrogen 74pm 436 Kj/mol
Carbon 109pm
413 Kj/mol
Nitrogen 101pm
391 Kj/mol
Oxygen 96pm
366 Kj/mol

Multiple Hydrogen bonds for Methane, Ammonia and Water

Examples of building simple molecules.

Methane CH4
HCH angle 109.5°
Ammonia NH3
HNH angle 107.8°
Water H2OHOH angle 104.5°
Water H2O
HOH angle 104.5°

Carbon bonding and the Hydrocarbons

Examples of more complex carbon bonds

C-C Covalent 154pm
348 Kj/mol
C-C Aromatic 144pm
470 Kj/mol
C-C Double 134pm
614 Kj/mol

Oxygen/Nitrogen bonding

Examples of other organic molecule bonding

C-O Covalent 143pm
360 Kj/mol
C-O Double 135pm
498 Kj/mol
C-N Covalent 147pm
308 Kj/mol

Construction of molecules using organic bonds

Hydrocarbons

These examples show the use of multiple bonds to construct hydrocarbons using the correct bond lengths and angles.

Single bond chains
Aromatic Bond - Benzene
Double Bonds - Ethylene

Alcohols and Acids

These examples show alcohols and sugars constructed with proper angles and distances using the building blocks above.

Alcohols include a single bonded Oxygen

Glycerol

Acids include the double bonded Oxygen

Citric Acid
Formic Acid
Acetic Acid

Sugars

Alpha Glucose is in a ring structure and flattened out. These combine to become starches and cell coatings. Beta Glucose becomes plant cellulose.

Glucose
AlphaGlucose Ring (front view)
AlphaGlucose Ring (side view)

Fatty acids

Long hydrocarbon acid chains are called fatty acids. Palmitic and Oleic acids form the basis of lipids, the main building block of biological cell walls.