File:Sunspots-gn-yr-total-smoothed-en.svg
Summary
| Description |
English: Group sunspot number v 2.0, 1610-2015 (SILO data):
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| Date | |
| Source | Own work |
| Author | DeWikiMan |
| Other versions | German version |
Sources:
- Frédéric Clette et al.: Revisiting the Sunspot Number: A 400-year perspective on the solar cycle. In: Space Sciences Series of ISSI - The Solar Activity Cycle. 2015. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4939-2584-1_3 (For details on the new group v2 number)
- NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center: Predicted Sunspot Number and Radioflux. May 9th, 2016. Accessed June 3rd, 2016.
- WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels: group number | In: SILSO: Sunspot Index and Long-term Solar Observations. (Version 2.0 (Alternate series), Svalgaard & Schatten 2015: "backbone" yearly mean group number). Accessed June 3rd, 2016.
First, the file GN_y_tot_V2.0.csv (containing the SILO data) has been extended by adding the predicted values for 2016-2020:
2016.5 3.03 0 0
2017.5 2.13 0 0
2018.5 1.12 0 0
2019.5 0.52 0 0
Then create the smoothed data:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# based on https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Temp-sunspot-co2.svg
# by Leland McInnes aus der englischsprachigen Wikipedia ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Leland_McInnes )
# see also http://scipy-cookbook.readthedocs.io/items/SignalSmooth.html
from decimal import *
import numpy as np
# import matplotlib.pylab as plt
def smooth(signal, window_size):
# fold the data at the edges; this will enable plotting a graph up to the edges based upon the assumption
# that the signal behaved / will behave symmetrically prior to / after data was available;
extended_signal = signal[window_size:0:-1] + signal + signal[-1:-window_size:-1]
s = np.array(extended_signal)
# create an array with values for a hamming window; cf. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamming_window
w = np.blackman(window_size)
# smooth the data
y = np.convolve(w/w.sum(), s, mode="same")
return y[window_size:-window_size+1]
sunspot_file = open("GN_y_tot_V2.0.csv")
data_rows = [x.split() for x in sunspot_file if "*" not in x]
sun_years = [float(x[0]) for x in data_rows]
sunspots_norm = [float(x[1])*12.8 for x in data_rows]
# smoothing to remove high-frequency signal of magnetic cycle
smoothed_sunspots = smooth(sunspots_norm, 33)
smoothed_sunspot_file = open("GN_y_tot_V2.0_smoothed.txt","w")
for i in range(smoothed_sunspots.size):
smoothed_sunspot_file.write(str(sun_years[i]) + ' '+ str(sunspots_norm[i]) + ' ' + str(smoothed_sunspots[i]) +'\n')
smoothed_sunspot_file.close()
Plot with Gnuplot 4.4 using the following script:
set terminal svg enhanced size 1000 425 fname "Nimbus Sans L" fsize 14
set output "sunspots-gn-yr-total-smoothed.svg"
set title "Sunspot Observations, 1610 – 2015" font "Nimbus Sans L, 20"
set datafile missing '"#N/A"'
set obj 1 rectangle behind from screen 0,0 to screen 1,1
set obj 1 fillstyle solid 1.0 fillcolor rgbcolor "light-grey"
set obj 2 rectangle behind from graph 0,0 to graph 1,1
set obj 2 fillstyle solid 1.0 fillcolor rgbcolor "white"
set key below vertical maxcols 1 maxrows 1 width -25 nobox font ",10" samplen 1
set grid noxtics y2tics ls 2
unset ytics
set yrange [0:210]
set label "Maunder\nMinimum" at 1675,107 center
set label "Dalton\nMinimum" at 1813,107 center
set label "Modern\nMaximum" at 1955,159 right
set y2tics border out nomirror 0,50,200
set xrange [1610:2015]
set xtics border out nomirror 1600,50,2050
set mxtics 5
set y2label 'Sunspot number'
set style data lines
plot 0 lt rgbcolor "black" lw 0 title "Group sunspot number V2.0 (SILSO Data): ", \
'GN_y_tot_V2.0_smoothed.txt' using 1:2 lt rgbcolor "red" lw 3 title "yearly avg. (* 12.8 normalized)", \
'GN_y_tot_V2.0_smoothed.txt' using 1:3 lt rgbcolor "black" lw 3 title "33 yrs smoothed"
show label
Licensing
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