Napoleon
French military leader, French Emperor 1804–1814 and again in 1815 (1769–1821) | |||||
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| Date of birth | 15 August 1769 Ajaccio (Kingdom of France) Napoleone di Buonaparte | ||||
| Date of death | 5 May 1821 Longwood House (Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Saint Helena, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland) | ||||
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Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) was a French general, First Consul of the French Republic (1799-1804), President of the Italian Republic (1802-1805), Mediator of the Swiss Confederation (1803-1813), Emperor of the French (1804-1814, 1815), King of Italy (1805-1814) and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine (1806-1813).
Portraits
Contemporary paintings
David
See also: Napoleon crosses the St. Bernard by Jacques-Louis David (5 versions)
- 1800/1, Château de Malmaison
- Napoleon crosses the St. Bernard, by Jacques-Louis David (Berlin), 1800
- Napoleon crosses the St. Bernard, by Jacques-Louis David (Wien), 1800
- Napoleon, by Jacques-Louis David, 1797
- Napoleon arrives at the Town Hall, by Jacques-Louis David, 1805
- Etude pour Napoléon se couronnant, by Jacques-Louis David
- L'Empereur Napoléon se couronnant lui-même, by Jacques-Louis David
- Etude pour le Couronnement, by Jacques-Louis David, 1805
- Le Couronnement de l'Empereur et de l'Impératrice, by Jacques-Louis David, 1807/08
- Le Couronnement de l'Empereur et de l'Impératrice, by Jacques-Louis David, 1807/08 (Detail)
- Portrait de Napoléon en costume impérial, by Jacques-Louis David, 1805 (Sketch)
- Le Serment de l'armée fait à l'Empereur après la distribution des Aigles au Champ-de-Mars le 5 décembre 1804, by Jacques-Louis David, 1810
- Portrait de Napoléon dans son cabinet de travail, by Jacques-Louis David, 1812
- Portrait de Napoléon dans son cabinet de travail, by Jacques-Louis David, 1812
- Cropped version of Portrait de Napoléon dans son cabinet de travail
Ingres
- Napoleon as 1st consul, by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, 1803-1804
- Napoleon on his Imperial Throne, by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, 1806
Gros
- Bonaparte on the Arcole Bridge, by Antoine-Jean Gros (Study), 1796.
- Bonaparte on the Arcole Bridge on 17 November 1796, 1801
- First Consul Bonaparte, by Antoine-Jean Gros, c. 1802
- First Consul Bonaparte, by Antoine-Jean Gros (Detail), c. 1802
- Bonaparte visitant les pestiférés de Jaffa by Antoine-Jean Gros, c. 1804.
- Napoléon à la bataille d'Eylau by Antoine-Jean Gros, c. 1808.
- Bonaparte à la bataille des pyramides by Antoine-Jean Gros, c. 1810.
- Entrevue de Napoléon et François II by Antoine-Jean Gros, c. 1812.
Gérard
- Napoléon premier consul by François Gérard, 1803.
- Napoléon Ier en costume du Sacre by François Gérard, 1805
- Copy after Gérard, Hofburg, Vienna
- Napoléon Ier en uniforme de colonel des grenadiers à pied de la Garde by François Gérard, c. 1812
Others
- Napoleon Bonaparte (Evert A. Duykinck)
- Napoleon, King of Italy, by Andrea Appiani, 1805
- Napoléon, by Jean-François Garneray, c. 1805
- Napoléon Bonaparte, premier Consul, de profil, tourné à droite, by Matthieu Ignace van Bree, 1807
- Consulta de la République cisalpine réunie en comices à Lyon, by Nicolas-André Monsiau, 1808
- Première distribution des décorations de la Légion d'honneur, le 14 juillet 1804, by Jean-Baptiste Debret, 1812
- Napoleon Bonaparte on board the Bellerophon in Plymouth Sound, by Sir Charles Locke Eastlake, 1815
- Bonaparte Premier consul, by Belliard, Zephyrin and Delpech, François Séraphin
- Napoléon, by Charles François Gabriel Levachez, after Louis Joseph Lefèvre
- Napoleon is in 19 Brumaire, 1799, by François Bouchot
- Napoleone Buonaparte, by Henri Felix Emmanuel Philippoteaux
Posthumous paintings
- Napoleon on Saint Helena, painted in 1828 by Charles de Steuben
- Mort de Napoléon Ier à Sainte-Hélène, le 5 mai 1821, by Charles de Steuben, c. 1828
- Napoleon by Nicholas-Toussaint Charlet, 1835
- Le général Bonaparte au Conseil des Cinq-Cents, à Saint Cloud. 10 novembre 1799 by François Bouchot, 1840
- Napoleon at the battle of Wagram, by Alfred G. C. comte d'Orsay, 1843
- Napoleon I. mit seinen Generalen by Ludwig Elsholtz, 1845
- Napoléon abdiquant à Fontainebleau by Paul Delaroche, 1845
- Bonaparte franchissant les Alpes, by Paul Delaroche, 1848
- Installation du Conseil d'État au palais du Petit-Luxembourg, 25 décembre 1799, by Louis-Charles-Auguste Couder, 1856
- Napolóen Bonaparte in Cairo, by Jean-Léon Gérôme, c. 1863
- Adieux de Napoléon à la Garde impériale dans la cour du Cheval-Blanc du château de Fontainebleau, by Antoine Alphonse Montfort, 19th century
- The four Napoleons, c. 1858
- Napoleon throwing a book of the Marquis de Sade into the fire, 1885, (probably by P. Cousturier)
Missing information about the date
- Napoleon as a general (anonymous, late 18th century according to auction catalog)
- Napoleon proclaims the constitution of the Duchy of Warsaw
- Napoléon Bonapartes abdication
- Napoleon on Saint Helena, anonymous painting
- Napoleon on Saint Helena (by ?)
- by ??
- Detail of the Emperor by Marie-Victoire Jaquotot
Scenes from the Napoleonic Wars
- Einzug Napoleon in Alexandria am 3. Juli 1798: Seine Gnade gegenüber einer arabischen Familie, Detail, Guillaume-François Colson, c. 1800
- Prise d´Ulm, le 17. Octobre 1805, by Swebach/Pigeot, 1817
- The Battle of Abukir, by Antoine-Jean Gros, 1806
- Bonaparte visits Jaffa 1799, by Antoine-Jean Gros, 1804
- Bataille de Marengo, by Louis-François Lejeune, 1802
- Napoleon Bonaparte on the Battlefield of Eylau, 1807, by Antoine-Jean Gros, 1808
- Napoleon returns to the Lobau island on May 23, 1809, by Charles Meynier
- A bivouac of Polish Uhlans at Wagram (July 1809), by January Suchodolski
- La carga de los Mamelucos, or The Second of May of 1808 by Francisco de Goya, 1814
- Bataille de Somo-Sierra en Castille, le 30 novembre 1808, by Louis-François Lejeune, 1810
- Capitulation of Madrid (Detail), by Antoine-Jean Gros, c. 1810
- Napoleon arrives at Berlin, by Charles Meynier, 1810
- Napoleon near Borodino by Vasiliy Vereshagin
- Napoleon i Poniatowski Lipsk
- Napoleon retreats from Moscow, by Adolf Northern
- Winter - Napoleon's retreat from Moscow, by Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski
- Napoleon's Entry into the City of Berlin, by George Cruikshank, 1828
- 1814. Campagne de France, by Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier, 1864
- The Battle of Ligny, by Ernest Crofts, 1875
- The Battle of Waterloo, by William Sadler, 19th century
- La bataille de Waterloo. 18 juin 1815, by Clément-Auguste Andrieux, 1852
- Napoleon at the Battle of Rivoli, by Felix Philipoteaux
- Napoleon Pardoning the Rebels at Cairo by Pierre-Narcisse Guérin
- Napoleon crosses the Elbe, by Józef Brodowski, 1895
- Napoleons Einzug in Berlin 1806. by Jacques François Joseph Swebach-Desfontaines
Caricatures
- James Gillray: Exit libertè a la Francois! or Buonaparte closing the farce of Egalité, 1799
- "Crying for a New Toy", (January 25, 1803) mocking his planned coronation (attributed to Isaac Cruikshank)
- James Gillray: Evacuation of Malta, 9 February 1803
- James Gillray: The King of Brobdingnag, and Gulliver, June 26, 1803.
- James Gillray: Death of the Corsican fox – Scene the last, of the Royal-Hunt, 20 July 1803
- James Gillray: Buonaparte, 48 hours after landing! – Vide John Bulls home-stroke, armed en masse, 26 July 1803
- James Gillray: The Corsican-Pest, 6 October 1803
- James Gillray: "Madame Tallien and the Empress Josephine dancing naked before Barrass in the winter of 1797 -- A fact!", Feb. 20th, 1805
- James Gillray: The plum-pudding in danger Feb. 26th 1805
- James Gillray: Tiddy Doll, the great French-Gingerbread-Baker; drawing out a new Batch of Kings, 1806
- Thomas Rowlandson: Boney and his new wife, 16 August 1810
- Anonymous caricature: The Dunghill Cock and Game Pullet or Boney Beat out of the Pitt, 1810
- Leipzig as a hard nut for Napoleon
- George Cruikshank: Comparative Anatomy or Bone-ys new Conscripts filling up the Skeletons of the Old Regiments, November 1813
- George Cruikshank: Delusion a New Farce, 8 December 1813
- George Cruikshank: The Allied Bakers or, The Corsican Toad in the hole, 1 April 1814
- George Cruikshank: Le chèf de la grande nation dans une triste position, 1814
- George Cruikshank: The Corsican Shuttlecock or a pretty Play thing for e/y Allies, 10 April 1814
- William Elmes: John Bull bringing Bony's nose to the grindstone, 21 March 1814
- George Cruikshank: Snuffing out Boney!, 1 May 1814
- George Cruikshank: Little Boney gone to Pot, 12 May 1814
- Amos Doolittle: Bonaparte in Trouble, 1814
- George Cruikshank: A View of the Grand Triumphal Pillar, 1815
- Napoleon in der Tinte, contemporary German caricature
- Das napoleonische System fällt wie ein Kartenhaus in sich zusammen, contemporary German caricature
- Aufstieg und Niederfall Napoleons, contemporary German caricature
- Wahre Abbildung des Eroberers Napoleon Bonaparte, Kaiser der Franzosen, German caricature, 1815
- Je fume en pleurant mes péchés, French caricature, 1815
- Zu Befehl!. Karikatur von Achille Devéria
Napoleon: the myth
- Triumph Bonapartes oder Der Frieden, Sketch by Pierre-Paul Prud'hon, before 1801
- Apotheosis of Napoleon, by Andrea Appiani, 1807
- "Ils grognaient, et le suivaient toujours" by Auguste Raffet, 1836
- Le transfert des cendres de Napoléon à bord de La Belle Poule, le 15 octobre 1840 by Eugène Isabey, 1843
- Transbordement des cendres de Napoléon Ier. de La Belle Poule sur le Normandie en rade de Cherbourg, 8 décembre 1840 by Antoine Léon Morel-Fatio, 1841
- Retour des cendres de Napoléon Ier de Sainte-Hélène. 14 décembre 1840: L'arrivée de La Dorade à Courbevoie. Painting by Félix-Henri-Emmanuel Philippoteaux, 1867
- Retour des cendres de Napoléon Ier de Sainte-Hélène. 15 décembre 1840: le char funèbre de Napoléon basse sous l'arc de triomphe de l'Etoile à Paris (Ecole française du XIXe siècle)
The Napoleonic Empire
- Map of the First French Empire and satellite states
- Coat of arms of the First French Empire
- Coat of arms of the Second French Empire
- Coat of arms of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Spain
- Coat of arms of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Naples
Sculptures, memorial plaques, etc.
- Place Napoléon a Cherbourg
- Column and statue in Boulogne-sur-Mer
- Musée de la Marine de Paris
- Tomb of Napoleon
- Tomb of Napoleon
- Tomb of Napoleon
- Bust at Chateau de Compiègne
- Statue at Chateau de Compiègne (copy after Antoine-Denis Chaudet)
- Napoleondenkmal von Peter Lenk in Überlingen
- Napoleondenkmal von Peter Lenk in Überlingen
- Napoleondenkmal Champs Elysees, Paris vor 1852
- Saint-Julien-en-Genevois battle, the 1st of marsh 1814
- en:Place du Chatelet monument to Napoleon's victories
- Plaque on the house, Markt 22, Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany
- One of the friezes which surrounds Napoleon's tomb at the crypt level in Les Invalides, Paris
- Statue of Napoleon I above the tomb of his son Napoleon II at the crypt level of Napoleon's tomb in Les Invalides, Paris
- Statue de Napoleon, Cour des Invalides (Paris)
- Waterloo (Belgium), Fine bronze Napoléon statue standing next of the "Bivouac de l'Empereur" inn.
- Statue of Napoleon in Napoleons Villa on Elba island
Material artifacts
Throne
- Napoleon's Throne. Louvre Museum, Paris
- Napoleon's Throne. Louvre Museum, Paris
- Napoleon's Throne. Louvre Museum, Paris
Crown
- Crown
- Crown
(Heraldry)
Monnaie
- Napoleon, 1803.
- 40 lire gold. 1812
- Gold 20 Franc Coin of Napoleon I, struck 1808. Known as Napoleon Gold, the French began to simply call these coins, "Napoleons." Left image, obverse: (French) NAPOLEON EMPEREUR (English, "NAPOLEON EMPEROR"). Right image, reverse: (French) REPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE, 1808, 20 FRANCS (English, "FRENCH REPUBLIC, 1808, 20 FRANCS)
Stamps
Other
- Napoléon Bonaparte. Abdication document
- Barque de Napoléon, Musée de la Marine, Paris
- Napoleon's Bathing Kit. Louvre Museum, Paris
- Tabatière en corne sculptée représentant la Maison de Napoléon à Sainte-Hélène, conservée au Musée des Hospices civils de Lyon
See also
- Joséphine de Beauharnais (first wife)
- Marie-Louise von Österreich (second wife)
- Napoleon II (son)
- Grablied on Napoleon by Michael von Jung (Wikisource)