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  Tragedy model: disability is a tragic deficit in one's luck.
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  Charity model: disabled people are pitiable victims in need of assistance from beneficent saviours.
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  Moral model: disability is punishment for a result of a deficit in one's morality.
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  Expert model: disability is a problem which requires professionals to identify and treat.
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  Medical model: disability is a deficit in one's health, in need of treatment and ultimately cure.
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  Rehabilitation model: disability is a deficit in one's ability to work, in need of accommodation/adaptation to minimize its effects.
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  Technological model: disability is a technical problem, to be solved using technology to minimize its effects.
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  Biopsychosocial model: disability is a result of the interaction of individual biology, social relationships, and one's psyche.
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  Economic model: disability is a quantifiable deficit to the economy.
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  Bureaucratic model: disability are people who can have special exceptions to the rules - provided they have the exact paperwork to prove they're worthy.
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  Eugenic model: people can be categorized as either "fit" or "unfit". Disabled people have a deficit in fitness, and should be removed from the gene pool.
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  Affirmation model: disability is an identity worthy of pride.
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  Social model: disablement is a result of societal ableism, and is distinct from impairment (one's physical limits).
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  Rights model: disability is a category of people inherently deserving of human rights and dignity.
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  Social construction model: disability is a category created discursively, whose boundaries shift over time and across cultures as a result of larger social forces.
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  Radical model: there's nothing wrong with being disabled. Disability is a category created by people in power which cannot be understood as separate from categories such as race and class, nor from social forces such as capitalism and colonialism.
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  Justice model: disability is the result of ableism, and this ableism intersects with racism, capitalism, sexism, colonialism, and other social forces. Disabled people deserve justice for the harms wrought upon us.
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  Debility: a form of disablement resulting from the stress and violence experienced by violently subjugated populations, such as Indigenous people in a settler colonial state.
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  Eco-social model: disability as caused by societal decisions made before one is even born, such as due to environmental racism.
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  Political model: disability is a minority group which experiences systemic oppression (ableism).
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  Eco-crip model: disabled people are a class of people who more vulnerable to climate change and other changes to the physical environment
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  Universal model: there is a continuum from disabled to non-disabled, and disability is an inevitable part of ageing.
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  Empowerment model: disability should be in charge of their own care and life decision.
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  Evolutionary model: disability is a result of natural variation within the gene pool, which would not persist evolutionarily if it did not provide a benefit to the population. Genetic diversity is valuable for ensuring a resilient population.
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  Primitivism: civilization is at the root of environmental and social problems, and disability is one symptom. We must abolish civilization, depopulate the Earth, and return to a hunter-gatherer way of life.