User:Noha307

This user has uploaded 884 images to Wikimedia Commons.

See my Wikipedia Userpage for more information.

Editing and Uploading Process

Aircraft 3-Views

Documents were scanned at 300 dpi on either an Epson Expression 12000XL or a Canon CanoScan LiDE 400 scanner. 300 dpi was selected as it was high enough resolution to capture sufficient detail, while also being small enough that editing was not particularly laborious.

In the event PDF files are provided by another source, the files are downloaded and then uploaded to the image extract tool on PDF-Online.com. The metadata of the result is then checked to determine its dpi. The file is opened in GIMP with the correct dpi entered in the import dialog box. The 3-view is then cropped to remove all extraneous content so only the drawing itself remains. (In cases where the three views are spread across two pages, prior to cropping the views are aligned on the aircraft centerline using a guide. The vertical spacing is determined by measuring the distance between the lowest point on the upper view and the highest point on the lower view of the two views on the same page. Identical spacing is then applied between the highest or lowest point on one of the two views on one page and the third view on the other. The two pages are then merged together.)(Any details not directly related to the drawing that is not completely contained by a box drawn 5 pixels from the outermost points of the drawing, such as a list of specifications, is removed. In the rare cases where this information is critical to the understanding of the drawing, it is transcribed in the description.) The image is exported from GIMP as a PNG and uploaded. (By uploading the cropped, but otherwise unredacted version first, it creates a master copy that can always be reverted to should mistake be made in one of the subsequent edits.) The format of the aircraft's manufacturer, designation (including variant), and nickname used in the file name is as depicted on the document the image was taken from and may not be the most common form. The second portion of the file name depends on the format of the image itself (e.g. line drawing or silhouette). After the initial version is uploaded, the image is grayscaled and reuploaded. It is then edited a third time to remove any imperfections or partially cropped content and deburr lines. This is performed by using a fuzzy select tool or select by color tool set to a threshold of 20 to 30 (rarely 40) is on any white background areas to highlight the imperfections and remove any minor gradations in tint. A few minor changes are made with future conversion to vector format in mind. These mostly involves the elimination of one pixel spaces and the creation of gaps to separate elements such as individual characters of text that could cause problems for an automatic tracing program. Similarly, creation of a contiguous white area allows future users to more easily use a fill tool to color the drawing by reducing the number of separate areas that need to be clicked on. The revised version is again uploaded. If necessary, a the image is deskewed and a fourth version is uploaded. (Multiple versions are uploaded so that they can be reverted to if a mistake in editing is found later.) When the upload process is complete, the resulting image is then placed on the relevant article in the specifications section immediately under the section header as a right-aligned frameless thumbnail between 300 and 600 pixels depending on size.

Preferred Characteristics

All things being equal, the following characteristics are preferred:

  • Vector file format, rather than raster
  • Inclusion of dimension lines, rather than omission
  • Line drawings, rather than silhouettes
  • Lack of markings (i.e. operator agnostic), rather than operator specific
  • Larger image size, rather than smaller
  • Higher quality, rather than lower

In addition, a second example may be included using a multiple image template if there are significant differences, for example a different number of crew positions or engine type change, between variants

Logos

The sources are searched by using character strings that usually include the name of the company excepting the last word, which indicates the company's type (e.g. company, corporation, or incorporated). An example of each of the search results is opened in a separate tab. They are then compared until the best version is determined according to scan resolution, size, "cleanliness", and other factors. The image is then screenshotted using Windows Snipping tool and saved to the desktop. The file name is the name of the company as represented in the advertisement (which may or may not be the most well known formulation of the company's name) or the name of the specific product. If two or more versions of the logo with the exact same name are present, then they are differentiated by placing the year of the advertisement in parentheses at the end of the file name. If two or more versions of the logo with the exact same name and from the same year are present, then they are numbered sequentially starting with the one earliest in the year. The files are then opened in GIMP where they are edited. The images are cropped to within 4-5 pixels of the most extreme points of the logo according to the most drastic change in contrast between two sets of pixels. (This does two things: 1. If there is any question as to where the changeover occurs due to a gradual change in color, it leaves a buffer that includes. 2. It creates a useful margin so that the lines don't cause any confusion by being right up against any other content in whatever situation they are used and aren't immediately at the edge of the screen if viewed in isolation.) If the image includes extraneous markings – such as those from parts of the advertisement that are not part of the logo – they are then hidden with the clone tool. When uploaded the images are placed into one of four categories: logos of aircraft manufacturers, logos of aircraft engine manufacturers, logos of aircraft propeller manufacturers, or logos of aircraft accessory manufacturers. If they exist, they are also placed into either the relevant company or specific product category as well.

Aids for Determining Status of Marking

It is not always clear whether a marking used in an advertisement is actually a logo, or just a fancy font. Therefore, it can be helpful to look for either manuals from the company to check whether they use the marking. Alternatively, a search of USPTO.Report may be useful. Finally, the Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office, which USPTO Report appears to draw from, is a more manual method of searching for trademark applications.

Talk Page Posts

Lists of Equipment/Manufacturers

Sources

Aircraft 3-Views

Logos

Potential Sources

Non-Periodical Sources

  • Annual Reports
  • Manuals
  • Stock Certificates

Other Images

To Create

To Find

Aircraft 2-Views

Aircraft 3-Views

1930s American Metal Single Engine Executive Aircraft

1930s North American Radial Engine Utility Aircraft

Agricultural Inline Piston Airplanes

Agricultural Radial Piston Airplanes

Business Jets

Commercial Transports Purchased by U.S. Military

This subsection was created not because these aircraft are to be compared, but because they share the common characteristic of being produced post-1977 and operated by the U.S. military. Therefore, while any manuals normally would have been automatically copyrighted, the 3-view drawings from the military manuals would still be public domain. Said manuals may be available from Air Force e-Publishing or as NATOPS flight manuals from Secretary of the Navy.

MilitaryCivilian
C-143Challenger 604
HC-144CN-235
C-145M28
C-146Dornier 328
C-147/E-9/O-6DHC-8
C-4Gulfstream I
C-8DHC-5
C-23AShort 330
C-23BShort 360
C-26Metroliner
C-28Cessna 404
C-29Hawker 800
C-31F27
C-35/T-47Citation V
C-37Gulfstream V
C-38Gulfstream G100
HU-25Falcon 20
O-5DHC-7
T-1Hawker 400
T-44King Air
U-28APC-12
UV-18ADHC-6

Douglas Four Piston Engine Airliners

Jet Trainers

Large American Naval Flying Boats

Lockheed Constellation Family

Postwar American Civil Single Engine Utility Airplanes

Postwar American Civil Twin Engine Utility Airplanes

  • Beechcraft 58 Baron – 3-views already exist (1, 2), but are for Model 55; Model 58 is 10-inches longer
  • Beechcraft 99 – reference for 3-view drawing
  • Beechcraft 90 King Air through Beechcraft 100 King Air – 3-view drawing of C-12 on page 2-5; – 3-view drawing of C-12A on page 2-5; – 3-view drawing of C-12D on page 2-6; – 3-view drawing of RC-12K on page 2-7; – 3-view drawing of RC-12H on page 2-8; – 3-view drawing of RC-12H on page 2-8
  • Beechcraft 1900A through Beechcraft 1900C – first flight postdates 1977 defective copyright cutoff
  • Beechcraft 1900D – first flight postdates 1977 defective copyright cutoff
  • Cessna 310R – from ; ; , two 3-views already exist (1, 2), but are for different variants; – sales listing for 1979 Cessna 310R pilot's operating handbook showing effective copyright notice
  • Cessna 340
  • Cessna 401 – shows only minor differences in tail height and nose length from Cessna 411 3-view drawing
  • Cessna 404
  • Cessna 414 – scan of 1981 Cessna 414A pilot's operating handbook showing 3-view on page 1-2; – scan of 1982 Cessna 414A Chancellor information manual showing 3-view on page 1-2; – sales listing for owner's manual showing 3-view on page ii; – sales listing for 1975 owner's manual showing 3-view
  • Cessna 425 – first flight postdates 1977 defective copyright cutoff
  • Cessna 441 Conquest II; – scan of 1977 pilot's operating handbook showing effective copyright notice
  • Cessna T303 Crusader – first flight postdates 1977 defective copyright cutoff
  • Piper PA-31T Cheyenne – sales listing for information manual showing 3-view drawing present on page 1-4; – sales listing for information manual showing 3-view
  • Piper PA-35 Pocono – reference for 3-view drawing
  • Piper PA-40 Arapaho – pictures attached to post prove that airplane flight manual exists
  • Piper PA-42 Cheyenne – first flight postdates 1977 defective copyright cutoff
  • Swearingen Merlin

Postwar American Prototype Military Helicopters

This subsection was created not because these aircraft are to be compared, but because they share the common characteristics stated by the subsection title.

Postwar Twin Engine Airliners

Raised Cabin Single Engine Utility Airplanes

Twin Engine Turboprop Airliners

World War II American Floatplanes

World War II American Single Engine Trainers

World War II American Twin Engine Trainers

World War II Japanese Monoplane Floatplanes

World War II Japanese Twin Engine Airplanes

Proposals

Other

Engines

Logos

Propeller Manufacturers

Accessory Manufacturers

Specific Products

Other

Other Images

Diagrams

  • Aerial bomb fuze cutaway drawing (from )
  • Airport surveillance and precision radar installation
  • Black hole ocarina suppressor diagram (from )
  • Carburetor Air Systems
  • Engine Smoke and Flame Identification Chart; – alternate version with one fewer entry; – alternate version with two additional entries and better quality
  • F4U lubrication chart
  • F4U rigging diagram
  • General Electric turbocharger cutaway drawing (from ); – alternative version
    • Cutaway of General Electric Type B Turbo Supercharger – similar illustration with color
    • Turbocharger cutaway – similar illustration with color
  • Lubrication Diagram – note two pages
  • Schematic Diagram of Stromberg Direct Fuel Injection System
  • Schematic Diagram of Turbosupercharged Powerplant; – similar, colored version; (from ) – evidence of use in pamphlet
    • B-24 turbosupercharger installation schematic (from )
    • Type B Electronic Control System for Turbosuperchargers – (from ); (from ) – alternate version
  • Sectional views of tachometers – see pages 5 through 12
  • Shock Strut Function Diagram
  • Supercharging system; – different version with potentially miscolored section of ducting; – different version with second view from underside
  • Wright R-2600 Twin Cyclone exploded view

Instruments

White
  • Altimeters
    • AAU-19/A altimeter
    • AAU-24/A altimeter
    • Counter-drum-pointer altimeter – from
    • Counter-pointer altimeter – from
    • Drum-pointer altimeter – from
    • Three-pointer altimeter – from
  • Accelerometer
  • Airspeed/Mach indicator
  • Attitude Direction Indicator
  • Clock
  • Horizontal Situation Indicator (331A-8P) – from
  • I-101 indicator – note later version (from ) with labels;
    • Flag alarm installation
  • I-152-C indicator
  • ID-249 course indicator
  • ID-2277A vertical situation indicator
  • Outside air temperature indicator
  • Radio magnetic indicator
  • Standby attitude indicator
  • Standby magnetic compass
  • Vertical situation indicator and flight director display – from
  • Vertical speed indicator
Black
  • Accelerometer, ,
  • Airspeed and mach number indicator, , ,
  • All attitude indicator,
  • Altimeter
  • Angle of attack indicator, – with vertical version
  • Bearing distance heading indicator
  • Cabin pressure altitude indicator, ,
  • Fuel quantity indicator – radial and vertical
  • Ground position indicator,
  • Horizontal situation indicator,
  • Integrated position indicator
  • Master direction indicator,
  • Pilot's viewing table
  • Remote compass repeater indicator,
  • Torque pressure indicator,
  • Vertical gyro indicator,
Grayscale
  • Airspeed indicator
  • Artificial horizon
  • Directional gyro
  • Magnetic compass
  • Rate of climb indicator
  • Sensitive altimeter
  • Turn and ball bank indicator
Color
  • Airport orientator

Other

  • 35-inch double end rotating beacon, for en:Aerodrome beacon
    • DCB-36; – check if copyright not renewed
  • 300 mm electric code beacon
  • Aircraft antennas (from ); (from )
  • Aircraft engine cooling system cutaways
    • Radiator installations
  • Aircraft engine fuel energy use chart (from ); – alternate version; – older, less detailed version
  • Aircraft engine oil and coolant temperature regulation systems
  • Aircraft exterior lighting – use YouTube video as influence
  • Aircraft landing gear (see figures 1, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18-27)
  • Aircraft lights
  • Blade & cuff assemblies (see figure 50, use University of Illinois copy as is better quality)
  • Bombs, representative types (see page 5)
  • Components of a bomb complete round with box fin
  • Curtiss D-12
  • EC-54 main equipment rack
  • Explosive train
  • Functioning of a bomb round
  • General Electric I-16 cutaway (from ) – original report
  • General Electric T700-GE-700
  • ̈Gun, Automatic, 20 mm, T171E2
  • Gun-Port, Protruding Machine Gun and Wing-Cannon Installations (see pages 16–20) – combine drawings from tables into single image, larger drawings on later pages
  • Hamilton Standard Hydromatic Propeller operation – see request in graphics lab for more information; – alternate version; – alternate version
  • Hot-wing system (from ); – more detailed, larger version likely used as source for previous image
  • Illustration of aircraft piston engine controls – check if copyright not renewed
  • Instrumentation, injection, and bleedoff equipment for investigation of engine performance with bleedoff on turbojet engine (see figure 3)
  • Leading edge flaps (see page 1-10) – similar drawing exists, but shows different type of flap
  • Loop and Sense Antenna Radiation Pattern – determine if image is taken from a public domain source
  • LORAN day and night coverage – determine if public domain
  • LORAN receiver-indicator, airborne type
  • Marker beacon antenna (see Figure 11-117)
  • Methods of stabilizing flight (see page 10)
  • NACA airfoil profiles
  • Optical gun sight (see page 75, from AeroAntique), a cutaway already exists
  • Pitot tube types (see pages 6, 8); (see page 20)
  • Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major cylinder arrangement and firing order
  • Principle structural units (see page 1-2)
  • Profile views of turbochargers
  • Safety wiring methods – taken from Airframe & Powerplant General Handbook, see also
  • Sketch of tail-pipe-burner for turbojet engine (see figure 3)
  • Standard NACA coefficients (see figure 1)
  • Trapped self-draining pitot-static tube
  • Trimetrogon camera layout – from , for en:Trimetrogon
  • Turbofan noise sources (see page 5) – for w:Aircraft noise pollution
  • Type B-4 Venturi tube (from ], see page 165)
  • ̈Typical .50 caliber machine gun wing installation
  • Typical Exhaust Manifolds
  • Vacuum system – find source
  • Variable pitch propeller – search Google Images for "Feathering Propellers in Airline Transport Operation" to see images from article
  • VOR antenna (see Figure 11-96)
  • VORTAC profile view line drawing
  • Wright R-2600 Twin Cyclone cylinder numbering diagram
  • Yagi antenna (see page 42)

Note that many of the drawings found on various websites (such as Aircraft Systems Tech and Flight Mechanic) are copied from the Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook, or similar Federal Aviation Administration publications. Further note that, in the original PDF file published by the FAA, the drawings appear to be in vector format.

Photographs

  • Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp profile view (from )
  • Pratt & Whitney R-2800-32W Double Wasp profile view (from )
  • Propeller blades used on P-47 airplane during propeller tests
  • Winglet types
  • Wright R-4090
    • Front view (from )
    • Profile left view (from )

To Compare

Aircraft 3-Views

1930s American Metal Single Engine Executive Aircraft

1930s North American Radial Engine Utility Aircraft

Agricultural Inline Piston Airplanes

American Liaison Airplanes

American Tandem Rotor Helicopters

Bell Fighters

Business Jets

Canadian Single Engine Utility Airplanes

Canard Delta Wing Fighter Jets

Douglas Four Piston Engine Airliners

Douglas Twin Piston Engine Airliners

European Medium-Lift Military Helicopters

Grumman Amphibians

Jet Trainers

Large American Naval Flying Boats

Lockheed Constellation Family

Lockheed Electra Family

Piper Cub Family

Postwar American Civil Single Engine Utility Airplanes

Postwar American Civil Twin Engine Utility Airplanes

Postwar American Light Helicopters

Postwar American Naval Bombers

Postwar American Naval Fighter Jets

Postwar Twin Engine Airliners

Raised Cabin Single Engine Utility Airplanes

Sikorsky Helicopters

Twin Engine Turboprop Airliners

Variable Sweep Wing Strategic Bombers

Waco Gliders

World War II American Dive Bombers

World War II American Floatplanes

World War II American Single Engine Trainers

World War II American Training Biplanes

World War II American Twin Engine Trainers

World War II Japanese Biplane Floatplanes

World War II Japanese Monoplane Floatplanes

World War II European Twin Engine Airplanes

World War II Japanese Twin Engine Airplanes

Other

Aircraft 3-Views

American Line Drawings

Japanese Line Drawings

Other Line Views

American Silhouettes

Japanese Silhouettes

Aircraft Parts

Antennas

Avionics

Engines

Other

Logos

Aircraft Manufacturer Logos

Aircraft Engine Manufacturer Logos

Aircraft Propeller Manufacturer Logos

Aircraft Accessory Manufacturer Logos

Specific Aircraft Product Logos

Other Aerospace Logos

Templates

Other

Created Categories