Commons:Video/ca

Wikimedia accepta i fomenta la càrrega de fitxers de vídeo a Commons. Els vídeos, com les imatges, han de tenir una llicència lliure. El format de vídeo preferit és el vídeo VP9 al contenidor WebM, però també es permeten els vídeos Theora al contenidor ogv i els vídeos VP8 o AV1 al contenidor WebM. Per obtenir ajuda sobre la conversió a un format preferit, aneu a Help:Converting video.

Importància del vídeo

Viquipèdia: #Edit2014

Hi ha més de 360.000 fitxers de vídeo a Commons.[1]

Bons exemples de vídeos:

  • Vídeos de natura, com ara la gravació d'una vista panoràmica o d'un huracà (ex. #1)
  • Vídeos de fauna salvatge, com ara el comportament dels animals (ex. #1)
  • Vídeos d'esports, com ara la demostració d'una regla, exercici o mètode de joc en particular (ex. #1)
  • Vídeos culturals, com ara vídeos de dansa o música (ex. #1), aneu amb compte amb els possibles drets d'autor de la música! Fins i tot les noves versions de cançons populars antigues poden generar nous drets d'autor en poder dels músics.
  • Vídeos explicatius, com ara vídeos que expliquen conceptes científics o coneixements arqueològics (ex. #1)
  • Vídeos arquitectònics, com ara elements de construcció o construcció (ex. #1)
  • Vídeos d'esdeveniments, com ara protestes, desfilades, conferències o cerimònies
  • Vídeos científics, com ara experiments químics (ex. #1)
  • Vídeos tutorials i demostracions d'eines que mostren com funcionen. (ex. #1)
  • Visualització de dades 3D on una de les dimensions es mostra com a temps (ex. #1 i #2)
  • Vídeos històrics (ex. #1 i #2)

⇒ Podeu trobar molts més exemples de vídeos d'alta qualitat a la categoria de fitxers destacats com a Multimèdia del dia a la pàgina principal (wall-of-videos view)

Check out the List of Wiki video projects; there is a dedicated discussion and support mailing list for makers of video in Wikimedia projects, WikiVideo-l (archive). You can also join the WMF Multimedia Team mailing list (archive).

Formats de vídeo

Diversos formats de fitxer s'utilitzen per a vídeo a Internet, però els més utilitzats no són formats oberts o lliure de regalies. Wikimedia utilitza tres formats:

Aquests formats són oberts i lliures de drets d'autor; vegeu Commons:File types#Video per a més detalls. Commons no admet els formats de vídeo amb patents gravades més utilitzats, com ara H.264 i H.265 que s'utilitzen en fitxers MP4 i MOV, ja que el seu ús podria requerir pagaments de drets d'autor.

Uploading a video

The process of uploading a video is similar to uploading an image. First, ensure the video is freely licensed and within scope. Now you have several options:

  • New uploads:
    • Use Video2commons, a tool integrating both conversion and upload, for both locally stored videos and videos from some websites. This might be an easier method since you don't need to perform video conversion by yourself, but may take more time as third-party conversion has limited capacity.
    • Alternatively, follow these steps:
      1. if the video is not on your local computer but online, first download the video – likely as described in Commons:YouTube files/Downloading.
      2. once you have the video on your device, check if it has a compatible format. If necessary, convert the video to the Theora or the WebM format.
      3. start the UploadWizard and follow the instructions. Alternatively, you can use chunked upload. Include appropriate topic categories. It will take some time to upload. Files can't be larger than 5GiB. Theoretically, it is also possible to split the video into shorter parts and upload each part separately. The template {{Split file}} could be used to link the parts of files split in this way.

Transcode

A transcode is a VP9 or WebM file with a smaller resolution, smaller file size, or lower bit rate than the original video, created to optimally serve one of our videos to web browsers by mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler. After each video is uploaded, that extension creates a "Transcode status" section on the video's file description page, which contains a link to "Update transcode status" (which will purge the page) and then a table which details the following statistics for each transcode: "Format" (sorted by video format (VP9 then WebM) and then by decreasing video resolution); "Bitrate" (in kbps or Mbps); "Download" (a link to download that particular transcode); "Actions" (a link to "Reset transcode" for that particular transcode, in case the transcoding failed); "Status" (what happened last to that transcode and when (UTC)); and "Encode time" (how long it took a backend server to finish the transcoding process, in seconds or minutes and seconds).

(Note that, since 2017, new users are unable to upload video or audio files, because of frequent abuse of this related to Wikipedia Zero. See Special:AbuseFilter/180.)

Trimming and cutting videos

For trimming videos these commands can be used:

  1. Install ffmpeg and run the below commands in the console. You need to adjust the timings and the file paths.
  2. ffmpeg -copyts -ss 00:00:23.000 -to 00:01:24.400 -i ./file.webm -c copy ./output.webm
  3. The above command will run through very quickly. Now check the video: if it trimmed at the right times, you're done but if not you need to use the command below which can take a while to run.
  4. ffmpeg -ss 00:00:23.000 -to 00:01:24.400 -i ./file.webm -c copy ./output.webm

We have a tool in the early stage of development here (currently dysfunctional). For extracting single images from videos, see Category:Still images from videos.

Video usage

Ogg Theora animation of a satellite in polar orbit.

Embedding video

Creating a link that appears at first as a still image of a video and that plays the video after its play button is clicked is called “embedding a video”. The easiest way to embed a video directly into an article (or another page) is by using the same [[File:]] syntax as for image or sound files. The result is on the right. The video can be resized by adding a fixed size (like "|200px") or - preferable - the "|upright" parameter. In most cases you should stick to the default size. If it is higher than wide, use the pure "|upright".

[[File:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|thumb |200px |New York City Time Lapse]]
[[File:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|thumb |upright |New York City Time Lapse]]
[[File:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|thumb |upright=2 |New York City Time Lapse]]

Setting a video thumbnail image

In case of Ogg Theora files, a keyframe from the midpoint of the video is used by default for the initial thumbnail image. To use a different keyframe, use the thumbtime parameter. For instance:

[[File:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv |thumbtime=12 |thumb |200px |New York City timelapse]]

Either specify the time in seconds or use colons to separate hours, minutes and seconds. Separate a fraction of a second by a "." (dot). Only tenths (0.1, 0.2, etc.) of seconds work, currently.

Example of GIF animation.

There are two types of links to a video:

  • File – To create a link to the video's file description page,
    • use [[:File:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv]].
    • To make the text of a link to the video's file description page appear as some text other than the video's filename, use [[:File:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|some text you prefer]].
  • Media – To create a link that downloads the video,
    • use [[Media:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv]] or use [[:Media:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv]].
    • To make the text of a link that downloads the video appear as some text other than the video's filename, use [[Media:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|some text you prefer]] or use [[:Media:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|some text you prefer]].

Temporal media fragments

Allows embed code to reference a segment of the video stream or set a start time. Hover over the player to see start time listed as 5s, press play and notice it stops playback at 7 seconds.

Starts at 5 seconds and ends playback at 7 seconds
[[File:Weeding.ogv|thumb|300px|start=5|end=7|Starts at 5 seconds and ends playback at 7 seconds]]

This feature depends on an HTML5 video browser.

Note: For URLs used outside Wikimedia wikis, the start of a section can be linked to as https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WikiCite_2020_The_frontend_of_WikiCite.webm?start=1:12:30 where the three colon-separated value represent hours, minutes and seconds respectively. Values in the format start=mm:ss and start=sss are also accepted.

Looped animation

In case of animated GIF files, the animation is played continuously in a loop. Animated GIFs are (currently) scaled down on server-side to the required thumb size if they do not exceed the 12.5 Megapixel limit. If they exceed it a still frame will be displayed.

Subtitles and closed captioning

How to create subtitles.
Main article: Commons:Timed Text

To upload an already created subtitle file, open the file on your computer in a text editor (such as Notepad) and copy the text into a new page in the TimedText namespace that matches the filename of the video and the language code.

Keep in mind to paraphrase not spoken sounds and encompass them with rounded brackets. E.g.

 1
 00:00:20,000 --> 00:00:24,400
 (engine sound)

You can also import subtitles from YouTube or create a transcript using machine transcription so you only need to correct any flaws if there are any. This can also be used to translate transcripts.

Make sure there is {{Closed captions}} below the file description once the file has closed captions.

Playing videos

Playing video and sound embedded on Wikimedia sites requires no additional software in current desktop and mobile web browsers. On iOS a software decoder is used, which might make the video experience a bit slower than what you are used to on other websites.

You must install software to play video that you have downloaded to your computer. You can learn at Commons:Ajuda multimèdia what software you need to play our media files. VLC multimedia player, mpv, and SMPlayer are open-source and multi-platform.

In addition to checking for video copyright, the audio must not contain copyrighted sounds. This includes any copyrighted songs that were added to the video. Ask questions regarding the copyright of the video at Commons:Village pump/Copyright.

Examples of videos that would not be allowed due to copyright:

  • Screen captures of software that is itself not under a free license. This includes the macOS and Windows operating system. However, screen captures of software under the GPL or a similar free software license are generally considered to be OK.
  • TV/DVD/Videogame/Music video clips and recordings, unless their copyright has expired.
  • Copyrighted symbols, logos, etc. (Not to be confused with trademarks.)
  • Models, masks, toys, and other objects which represent a copyrighted work, such as a cartoon or movie character. See Commons:Obres derivades.
  • Video that contains copyrighted music. Remove the copyrighted audio from the video and try to replace it with free licensed music, then upload.
  • Videos of a presentation or lecture, unless the person(s) making the presentation has/have granted explicit permission to allow a video of their performance to be published under a Commons-compatible license via VRTS.

Examples of videos that would be OK to upload:

  • Nature videos (video taken at a National Park or of a bird in your backyard)
  • Videos from the United States government, such as from NASA.

Licenses for a video you have entirely created

Comparison of licenses
License Intended scope Copyleft Attribution Access control prohibition Worldwide applicability
Creative Commons Attribution Generic No Copyright notice Yes National adaptations
Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike Generic Normal Copyright notice Yes National adaptations
Free Art License Works of art Normal Yes Yes Exact translations (French law)
FreeBSD Documentation License Documentation No Copyright notice Yes Same license (English version)
GNU Free Documentation License Documentation Normal Yes Yes Same license (English version)
GNU Lesser General Public License Software Weak Copyright notice Yes Same license (English version)
GNU General Public License Software Strong Copyright notice Yes Same license (English version)
MIT License Software No Copyright notice Yes Same license (English version)
Do What the Fuck You Want to Public License Generic No No No Same license (English or French version)

Finding videos online

Several media resources contain video that is public domain or licensed under a free license. These can be converted and uploaded to Commons. A more comprehensive list can be found at the link above.

Requesting a video

Specific videos may be requested at Commons:Audio and video requests. Please search Commons to see if a similar video exists before making the request.

Maintenance tasks

See also

Video categories
English Wikipedia image syntax and video documentation
Video links in Wikipedia articles:


References

  1. 1 2 Special:TimedMediaHandler invokes Special:Transcode_statistics which needs time to answer and currently requires reworking. Try to open the link in a new tab of your browser if you encounter timeout problems (see related topic) or try cache results from Special:MediaStatistics.
Category:Commons help/ca Category:Commons video resources/Translations#*
Category:Commons help/ca Category:Commons video resources/Translations