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Summary

  • Tongue positions of Daniel Jones' cardinal front vowels (adapted from Jones 1972: 32).
  • Cardinal vowels #1 and #4 [i, a] were adapted by Jones from x-ray photographs of his mouth.
  • Cardinal vowels #2 and #3 [e, ɛ] are approximate.
  • The tongue positions were determined by placing a thin metal chain on Jones' tongue while saying the vowels and then photographing them.
  • The four large dots indicate the highest point of tongue for each vowel.

Source

  • Jones, Daniel. (1972). An outline of English phonetics (9th ed.). Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons Ltd.

See also

Licensing

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en:Cardinal vowel de:Hauptvokal ko:기본 모음

Category:Articulation place diagrams of vowels Category:Front vowels Category:Media missing infobox template
Category:Articulation place diagrams of vowels Category:CC-BY-SA-2.5,2.0,1.0 Category:CC-BY-SA-3.0-migrated Category:Files with no machine-readable author Category:Files with no machine-readable source Category:Front vowels Category:GFDL Category:License migration redundant Category:Media missing infobox template Category:Self-published work Category:Superior vector version available