Wikimore

ウィキメディア・コモンズにおいてパブリック・ドメイン(PD)とは、あるファイルに著作権がなくどのような用途であっても自由に利用可能であることを意味します。PDファイルはあるファイルが真にPDであることを記録します。これは出典が失われたり利用不可能になったりした事例で役立ちます。PD画像はPDタグがついている必要はありません。

このプロセスではコモンズにアップロードされたファイルのフリーコピーライトの状態を検証します。これはコモンズの管理者（管理者にはビューロクラット、チェックユーザー、オーバーサイトを含みます）や信頼される利用者（コミュニティが承認した利用者community approved users）であれば誰でも実施できます。

ライセンス査読プロセス

ライセンス査読プロセスは手動です。検証基準は厳密で、ファイルのPD状態についてほとんど疑う余地がないものであるべきです。画像の価値、アップロード者がどれくらい信頼できるか、ファイルが取得された国の法、アップロード時点とフリーでない状態の可能性が発見された時点との時間差などの要素がすべて、そうした画像にどう対処すべきかの決定に関わります。査読者は誤ってPDだとタグ付けされたファイルからPDタグを除去することもできます。

信頼される利用者になるために

利用者はCommons:License review/Requestsでライセンス査読者になるために申請することが可能です。

定期的に誤ってファイルにタグ付けを行う査読者は、その許可を取り消される可能性があります。

ライセンス査読の依頼先

利用者は、PD状態が疑わしいファイルを含む、あらゆるファイルの説明ページに{{LicenseReview}}を追加しそのPD状態を検証させることができます。そうする権利を持たないファイルをアップロードしてその画像をフリーであるとライセンスする利用者もいるかもしれません。

ライセンス査読関連のリンク

Commons:ライセンスの査読
Commons:PDファイル
- Category:PD reviewed files
- Category:PD files for review
- {{subst:lrw}}
- {{User PD reviewer}}

ガイドライン

記述は適切であるべきである
ソースが存在すべきである
日付が存在すべきあり、「およそ」を使用することが許される
著作者は存在すべきであるが、著者が合理的に決定できず、他の要因によってPDの状態が問題にならない場合には、「不明」は許容される
許諾は有効なPDタグであるべきである
査読の時点でフリーに利用可能でなくなっている画像は、Commons talk:PD filesにおいてフリーでない可能性がありどう扱うか未決定であるとマークすべきである。
画像がPD-Artである場合、Commons:PD-Art タグを適用する場合のガイドラインに従うべきである。もし立体の額縁を伴う平面作品の場合、整理のため{{Non-free frame}}でマークしてください。

PDライセンスリンク

ウェブサイトリンク

One problem when checking licenses of images coming from web sites is that the web site may cease to exist. This is one of the primary reasons PD review came into existence. By placing the PD review tag on a file, the reviewer is essentially saying he verified the web site (if that was the source) was up and available at the time of review. The PD review tag should alleviate future concerns about the validity of PD status in case the web site ever ceases to exist or the web site changes its URL structure.

米国におけるパブリックドメインの決定（及び著作権）

US copyrights for works first published in US, excluding audio works
Year of first publication Note: publication is not creation	Copyright duration
Before 1931 During 1931–63: without notice, or with notice but not renewed within 28 years of first publication During 1964–77: without notice From 1978 to March 1, 1989: without notice and without registration within 5 years of first publication	Work has entered US public domain
During 1931–63: with notice and renewed During 1964–77: with notice	Copyrighted for 95 years after first publication
From 1978 to March 1, 1989: pre-1978 creation with notice, or without notice but registered within 5 years of first publication From March 2, 1989 to 2002: pre-1978 creation	If author is known, copyrighted until the later of either 70 years pma or Dec 31, 2047 If author is unknown or corporate authorship, the earlier of 95 years after first publication or 120 years after creation, but not earlier than Dec 31, 2047
From 1978 to March 1, 1989: post-1977 creation with notice, or without notice but registered within 5 years of first publication From March 2, 1989 to 2002: post-1977 creation Unpublished before 2003 (i.e. first published after 2002)	If author is known, copyrighted for 70 years pma If author is unknown or corporate authorship, the earlier of 95 years after first publication or 120 years after creation
pma: post mortem auctoris, or "after the author's death"

Refer to the chart on the right for US works; i.e. those first published in the US (or unpublished until now)
A foreign work has to be in the public domain in both US and its source country to be stored on Commons.
Publication means the legal distribution of copies of the work to the public.

米国以外で初めて出版された作品

1. Was this foreign work first published in the period from 1931 to 1977?

Yes: step 2

No: step 5

2. Did this 1931 to 1977 foreign publication register and renew copyrights for the US?

Yes: US copyright lasts up to end of 95 years after publication (i.e. public domain only from year of publication + 96).

No: step 3

3. Was this 1931 to 1977 non-US copyright registered foreign work published in the US within 30 days of its publishing abroad?

Yes: {{PD-URAA-Simul}}

No: step 4

4. Was this 1931 to 1977 non-US copyright registered foreign work in its country's public domain as of 1 Jan 1996?^[1]

Yes: {{PD-1996}}

No: US copyright lasts up to end of 95 years after publication (i.e. public domain only from year of publication + 96).

5. Was this post-1977 foreign work in its country's public domain as of 1 Jan 1996?^[1]

Yes: {{PD-1996}}; however, the Cornell table neglects to specify for a foreign public domain work that is published with a copyright notice in this period.

No: US copyright lasts up to end of 70 years after author's death, or if work of corporate authorship, 95 years from publication.

注記

1 2 Take note of the date; for Australian works, the effects of the 2008 law does not cover this 1996 limit, hence only pre-1945 Australian works could comply with the URAA cut-off.

PD画像のソース

既知のPDソース

Here is a list of web sites that release their files to the Public Domain: list URL, site name, and link that proves all files are PD

Bain collection in the US Library of Congress: no known restrictions on its photos (also see below).
Associated templates: Source – {{LOC-image}}; License – {{PD-Bain}}

Portrait Gallery of the Perry-Castañeda Library: stated to be in public domain (mostly through pre-1931 publication). Sources of the portraits are available on each page (click on "SOURCE").
Associated templates:

PDの可能性が高いソース

Here is a list of web sites that that contain many PD files, VERIFY PD STATUS before actually tagging with the PD review tag: list URL, site name, and link that indicates licensing status of the web site

US Naval Historical Center: hosts many PD images, especially those related to the US Navy and Marines. However, they also advise that some images may not be PD, this could be especially true for foreign Naval images. Double check such images to be sure of their PD status before uploading them here.
Associated templates:

US Library of Congress: hosts many PD images but advises people to double check. However, there are no known restrictions on photos from the Bain collection (see above).
Associated templates: Source – {{LOC-image}}

US National Archives (Digital vaults, Archive Search): contains mostly PD images; however, it also hosts German records captured during World War II and a few copyrighted materials of the press.
Associated templates: Source – {{NARA-image}}

Public Health Image Library: most of its images are in the public domain (work performed by federal employees in their lines of duty); these images are clearly marked as such.
Associated templates: Source – {{CDC-PHIL}}; License – {{PD-USGov-HHS-CDC}}

DefenseImagery.mil: principal storage for US military photos. Note that only photos taken by the US military personel (or explicitly stated to be released by the military departments) are definitely in public domain. Images attributed to Unknown or non-military entities may be copyrighted and require further investigation.
Associated templates:

NASA: media on this site are in the public domain, even the personal web pages; however, the NASA insignia, the retired NASA logotype and the NASA seal are under restrictions in their use. Furthermore, some of its subpages use copyrighted images (with attribution) and carry their own disclaimers.
Associated templates: Source – {{NASA-image}}; License – {{PD-USGov-NASA}}

Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection: hosts maps of almost every part of the world, clearly indicating the authors of the maps. The majority are in public domain, either from pre-1931 atlases, or by the CIA and other US federal agencies.
Associated templates:

The Civil War: hosts many pages of Harper's Weekly, especially all the issues of 1861–65 (American Civil War). The scans of the journals are in the public domain. Note that unless they appear in Harper's Weekly or other pre-1931 publications, the photographs might be copyrighted dependent on year of first publication (see above section).
Associated templates: {{PD-US}}