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ISS Crew Earth Observations: **ISS012-E-15035**
Identification
Mission	ISS012 (Expedition 12)
Roll	E
Frame	15035
Country or Geographic Name	USA-ILLINOIS
Features	CAIRO, MISSISSIPPI R., OHIO R.
Center Point Latitude	37.0° N
Center Point Longitude	-89.2° E
Camera
Camera Tilt	17°
Camera Focal Length	400 mm
Camera	Kodak DCS760C Electronic Still Camera
Film	3060 x 2036 pixel CCD, RGBG array.
Quality
Percentage of Cloud Cover	0-10%
Nadir What is Nadir?
Date	2006-01-12
Time	18:38:03
Nadir Point Latitude	37.2° N
Nadir Point Longitude	-88.3° E
Nadir to Photo Center Direction	West
Sun Azimuth	190°
Spacecraft Altitude	185 nautical miles (343 km)
Sun Elevation Angle	31°
Orbit Number	867
Original image caption
	The Ohio River becomes a tributary of the Mississippi River directly south of Cairo, Illinois, a small city on the spit of land where the rivers converge (at center of this astronaut photograph). Brown, sediment-laden water flowing generally northeast to south from the Ohio River is distinct from the green and relatively sediment-poor water of the Mississippi River (flowing northwest to south). The color of the rivers in this image is reversed from the usual condition of a green Ohio and a brown Mississippi. This suggests that the very high rainfall in December 2005 over the Appalachians and the northeastern United States has led to greater-than-normal amounts of sediment in the rivers and streams of the Ohio River watershed. The distinct boundary between the two river’s waters indicates that little to no mixing occurs even 5-6 kilometers (3-4 miles) downstream. ; Cairo became a prosperous port following the Civil War due to increased riverboat and railroad commerce. Small features visible in the image on the Ohio are river barges, which indicate the continued importance of Cairo as a transport hub. Flooding of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers presents a continual danger to the city; this danger is lessened by the Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway that begins directly to the south of the river confluence. During major flood events, the floodway lessens flood stages upstream (such as at Cairo) and adjacent to the floodway. Part of the extensive levee system associated with flood control of the Mississippi River is visible in the image. Barlow Bottoms (image right), located in adjacent Kentucky, is a wetland bird-watching location that is replenished by periodic floods and releases of Ohio River water.

Summary

Description

Astronaut photo of the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers at Cairo, Illinois.

Date

12 January 2006

Source

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17177

Author

ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and the Image Science & Analysis Group, Johnson Space Center, NASA

Permission
(Reusing this file)

US government, public domain

Licensing

This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was created by the Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, of the NASA Johnson Space Center. NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". (NASA media use guidelines or Conditions of Use of Astronaut Photographs). Photo source: ISS012-E-15035.