Some or all works by this author are in the public domain in the United States because they were legally published within the United States (or the United Nations Headquarters in New York subject to Section 7 of the United States Headquarters Agreement) before 1964, and copyright was not renewed.

• For Class A renewal records (books only) published between 1923 and 1963, check the Stanford University Copyright Renewal Database.
• For other renewal records of publications between 1922–1950, see the University of Pennsylvania copyright records.
• For all records since 1978, search the U.S. Copyright Office records.

Works could have had their copyright renewed between January 1st of the 27th year after publication or registration and December 31st of the 28th year. As this work's copyright was not renewed, it entered the public domain on January 1st of the 29th year.

This author died in 1969, so works by this author are in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 56 years or less. These works may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.