Descendants

• Old Chinese: 心 (xīn) /*səm/ (B-S), /*slɯm/ (ZS) ("heart, mind")
  • Middle Chinese: 心 (xīn) /siɪm/

    → Japanese: 心 (しん, ​shinCategory:Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes#SƏM)
    Korean: 심 (心, sim)
    Vietnamese: tâm (心Category:Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes#SƏM)

    • Mandarin
      • Beijing: 心 (xīn) (xīn, /ɕin⁵⁵/)
    • Cantonese
      • Guangzhou: 心 (xīn) /sɐm⁵⁵/
    • Wu
      • Shanghai: 心 (xīn) /ɕɪ̆ɲ⁵³/
  • Min
    • Min Nan
      • Taiwan: 心 (xīn) /ɕim⁵⁵/
• Himalayish
  • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Bodic
      • East Bodic
        • Kurtöp: སེམ (sem)
      • Tibetan
        • Tibetan: སེམས (sems, “mind, heart, cognition”), སེམས་པ (sems pa, “to think, reflect, apprehend, contemplate”), བསམས (bsams, “thought”)
    • Tamangic

      *ᴬsonCategory:Undetermined language links#SƏM, *ᴬsanCategory:Undetermined language links#SƏM, *ᴬsam (“mind, heart”)Category:Undetermined language links#SƏM (Mazaudon, 1994)

  • Kiranti

    /*sam/ ("breath, lung") (Michailovsky, 1991)

• Jingpho-Asakian
  • Jingpho
    • Jingpho: nsen (“sound, voice”)Category:Jingpho links with redundant target parameters#SƏM
• Lolo-Burmese
  • Burmish
    • Burmese: သံ (sam), အသံ (a.sam, “sound, voice, noise”)