Erstellung einer TimedText-Seite

Über die Dateibeschreibungsseite

Dies ist die empfohlene Vorgehensweise. Verwende den -Link oben auf jeder geeigneten Multimediadatei auf Commons. In einem Dialogfeld kannst du die Sprache des Timed Text Textinhalts auswählen; Du musst diese nicht selbst nachschlagen.

Direkt im Mediaplayer

Über die Schaltfläche CC in der Symbolleiste des Wikimedia HTML5-Medienplayers kannst du Untertitel auswählen, wenn sie verfügbar sind, oder den Untertitel-Editor öffnen, um Untertitel für das Video zu erstellen.

Eingabe

Ab 2025 unterstützt Commons für Timed Text ausschließlich das Untertitelformat SRT. Aufgrund seiner Einfachheit wird es von praktisch jeder Art von Software unterstützt.

1
00:00:20,000 --> 00:00:24,400
Untertitelkarte.

1
00:00:20,000 --> 00:00:21,500
Words more words.

2
00:00:21,500 --> 00:00:24,400
Mehr.

Inhalte

As of 2025, the kind of timed text is decided on a case‐by‐case basis. You could for example transcribe music, show the score of a football match, or add citations. In practice all timed texts contain at least the dialog of the primary audio track, but may contain additional information:

• absence of a transcript because they were [unintelligible] to the transcriber(s)
• sound cues
  • important sound cues, such as [derisive snort]
  • unimportant sound cues, such as sounds that have been accidentally picked up by the mic, e. g. a narrator’s [page flip] (of the manuscript)
• annotations
  • articulation description
    • emphasized words (Do <i>not</i> do that.)
    • unusual loudness (whispering, soft, screaming)
    • singing ♪ Subtitles are so, so beautiful ♪
  • speaker attribution, esp. for off‐screen speech
  • conversion of imperial into metric units (or vice versa for American English subtitles)
  • corrections
    • correction of factual mistakes
    • correction of significant wording mistakes
  • if a pun (or similar) in the original language could not be emulated in the target language, a hint that there was a pun, maybe mentionining the involved words

With accessibility in mind, SDH are preferred. However, genuine SDH may amend dialogs to fit additional descriptive texts while also observing a reasonable CPS limit. On Commons we do not do that because there is (as of 2025) no way to document your decisions for other collaborators. Hence, the real sound is the authorative version as all people able of hearing can verify the timed text’s correctness.

At the end of media files, professional subtitles credit the subtitle authors, translators, editors and so on; this is not done on Commons because the revision history already credits them.

ffmpeg -i some_video.ogv -ar 16000 -ac 1 -c:a pcm_s16le audio.wav

./main -m models/ggml-base.en.bin -f audio.wav -t 8 -pc -osrt

Wenn ein kleineres Modell unbrauchbare Ergebnisse liefert, kannst du ein größeres Modell ausprobieren, z. B. ein mittleres, das zwar langsamer ist, aber bessere Ergebnisse liefert.

Konvertieren von YouTube-Untertiteln in das Timed-Text-Format

SBV-Untertitel

Wenn du das SBV-Format von YouTube-Untertiteln exportierst, kannst du FFmpeg verwenden, um die Untertiteldatei in das von Commons verwendete SRT (SubRip)-Format zu konvertieren. Diese Funktion löst auch das Überschneidungsproblem, das bei der Konvertierung von YouTube-Untertiteln in Commons häufig auftritt.

ffmpeg -fix_sub_duration -i ⟨input⟩.sbv ⟨output⟩.srt

XML-Untertitel

Dieser Abschnitt beschreibt, wie man XML-YouTube-Untertitel in das SubRip (srt)-Format konvertiert, das in Wikimedia Commons verwendete TimedText-Untertitelformat.

Wenn

• das YouTube-Video hat Untertitel in einer bestimmten Sprache (z. B. habe ich dieses YouTube-Video mit Untertiteln in Englisch, Russisch und Livvi-Karelisch erstellt),
• wurde dieses Video auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen (z.B. diese Datei),
• du möchtest YouTube-Untertitel in dasselbe Video bei Commons kopieren.

Dann:

1. Lade den Untertitel in XML herunter und füge die ID des YouTube-Videos am Ende der URL ein: http://video.google.com/timedtext?hl=en&lang=en&v=__youtube_video_ID__
2. Installiere Ruby.
3. Laden das Ruby-Programm herunter, um Videountertitel aus dem XML-Format von YouTube in das SubRip-Format zu konvertieren.
4. Führe dieses Programm aus und konvertiere die XML-Datei in eine .SRT-Datei.
5. Kopiere den Inhalt der .SRT-Datei und füge ihn auf der entsprechenden Seite des Videos auf Wikimedia Commons ein.

Untertiteleinheiten dürfen sich zu keinem Zeitpunkt überschneiden. Es gibt zwei Stile für den Übergang zwischen Untertiteln:

• Untertitel für zusammenhängende Rede folgen direkt aufeinander. Der Endzeitpunkt des vorhergehenden Untertitels ist gleich dem Anfangszeitpunkt des folgenden Untertitels. Dies kann dabei helfen den ZPS‑Wert niedrig zu halten.
• There is always a constant gap (e. g. ⅒ of a second) between any two subtitles of continuous speech giving the impression of a “flashing” effect and thus drawing the viewer’s attention to the subtitles. Sometimes speakers repeat one and the same phrase, the “flashing” can underscore this repetition.

Commons does not prescribe which style you follow, but you must be consistent. You may not switch between styles within the same timed text file. Both styles are in use for professionally created subtitles.

As to not “reveal” information before it is “disclosed” in speech, subtitles should not start before the respective speaker commences speech. The modal verb should means you may deviate from this rule. In general, you may add a more generous lead to educational contents (e. g. narration in documentaries) as are predominantely found on Commons. Some people are slow readers or just appreciate being granted more time when learning about stuff.

Similarly, subtitles should disappear shortly after the utterance concluded. Prefer increasing the tail time over increasing the lead time if the CPS value is high.

On occassions you may have a “negative tail”: In elongated speech – in particular singing people stretching speech, e. g. as in operas – it does not make sense to keep the subtitle on screen until the speaker finally finished uttering the last syllable.

Subtitling videos requires taking account of the picture: Considering a standard video frame rate of 25 FPS it is highly frowned upon to show or hide subtitles within 1 – 4 frames of a w:hard cut.

As of 2025, the most common form of displaying subtitles is the overlay method. Subtitles are rendered over (on) the video picture. This, however, may hide information such as the name and professional title of a person interviewed. Unfortunately, as of 2025 the accepted subtitle data formats do not offer a way to ensure such information is not covered by subtitles, in particular a “show this subtitle card at top edge” command is not available.

With accessibility in mind, subtitles for videos can – beside the a. m. contents – include cards highlighting the absence of sounds. For example the picture shows two people arguing orally (= mouth movement) but it cannot be heard what they are saying. This discrepancy can be clarified with [no audible dialog] or similar.

In order to associate timed texts with their media files, the beginning of the timed text’s file name has to match the respective media file’s name. That means all timed texts for File:some.video have TimedText:some.video as their prefix. What comes after that is up to you, yet to provide a reasonable user experience it is customary to use a suffix indicating the principal natural language and file format, e. g. .en.srt for English‐language subtitles.

The “language” code zxx indicates non‐lingual content, for example a timed text showing a real time clock of surveillance footage.

For polylingual media there are multiple options:

• include all speech but leave untranslated
  • *.mul.srt file (mul = multiple languages code)
  •   provides kind of same experience as hearing people have
  •   description of audio cues is unmanageable
• omit untranslated, yet still indicate: [speaks Asian]
  • *.en.srt file
  •   provides comparable experience as hearing people have
  •   unsatisfactory especially if prolonged
• tag and translate: [speaks German] I doubt it.
  • *.en.srt file
  •   even for polyglots switching between multiple languages can be difficult
  •   subtitles do not become too heavy (as in the bilingual option below)
• bilingual subtitles (include both the original and translated version), spread across two lines
  • no convention, but this option offers the option to #REDIRECT
  •   readers proficient in the other language can read the original
  •   because you cannot spread text across two lines you need more frequent cuts (more subtitle cards)
  •   the “reading speed” can differ a lot between the languages, thus for one language the speed is too generous, for the other too fast

Again, use your best judgment, but stay consistent with your choice.

For signed speech there are multiple options, but de facto the last one is virtually always used.

• subtitle only spoken speech (and possibly describe sound cues) and name the timed text according to the primarily spoken language – this makes sense if there is a sign language interpreter purely for accessibility, yet the interpretation deviates (e. g. because of time pressure)
• indicate signed glosses – however
  • some notations require precise control of formatting that is, as of 2025, not possible
  • there is no ISO 639‑3 code for notations, e. g. gsg denotes German sign language yet it does not imply any specific notation
• translate signed speech to the closest corresponding orally spoken language, e. g. ASL → (American) English

Accordingly the timed text is named with a .en.srt suffix.

No naming scheme has been established for media files containing multiple streams differing in contents. By convention, without any extra indication in the file name, users expect timed texts to be suitable for the primary video track and primary audio track.

Of course this is not much of an issue if there is no intent to ever supply timed texts; e. g. there is a separate M & E soundtrack, which is actually meant to facilitate creation of dubbed versions, not to be listened to on its own.

Medien finden, für die Untertitel übersetzt werden müssen

Eine Möglichkeit, solche Videos zu finden, besteht darin, je nach bevorzugter Ausgangssprache eine der Unterkategorien von Category: Files with closed captioning zu öffnen und dann mit Help: FastCCI (oben rechts auf der Seite), um nur die Videos einzuschließen, die keine Untertitel für die bevorzugte Zielsprache haben.

1. Um Videos mit englischen Untertiteln zu finden und zu übersetzen, gehe zu Category: Files with closed captioning in English.
2. Klicke dann auf den FastCCI-Pfeil, um das Untermenü zu öffnen, und wähle „In dieser Kategorie, aber nicht in …“.
3. Gib in das Textfeld die entsprechende Kategorie in der von dir bevorzugten Zielsprache ein:
   • Für Deutsch, gib Files with closed captioning in German ein
   • Für Französisch, gib Files with closed captioning in French ein
   • Für Russisch, gib Files with closed captioning in Russian ein

usw.

Wikipedia-Artikel zu den Themen Timed Text oder Untertitel

Dies sind Artikel über entweder Q844253: Timed text, oder Q204028: Untertitel.

• Dansk: Undertekster
• Deutsch: Untertitelung
• Ελληνικά: Υπότιτλοι
• English: Timed Text wird auch als Untertitel, Untertitelung und Untertiteltext bezeichnet. Siehe auch Untertitel.
• Esperanto: Subtekstoj
• Español: Subtítulo
• Français : sous-titrage
• Interlingua: Subtitulos
• Italiano: Sottotitolo
• 日本語: 字幕
• 한국어: 자막
• Македонски: Толкување
• Nederlands: Ondertiteling
• Norsk bokmål: Undertekster
• Português: Legenda
• Русский: Субтитры
• Slovenščina: podnaslovi
• Svenska: Textning
• Українська: Субтитри
• 粵語: 字幕
• 中文：​字幕
• Bahasa Indonesia: Teks Berwaktu