Leonhard Euler

Leonhard Euler 
Swiss mathematician, physicist, and engineer (1707–1783)
Retrat d'Euler per Jakob Emanuel Handmann (1753).
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Name in native language
  • Leonhard Euler
Date of birth15 April 1707
Basel (canton of Basel, Old Swiss Confederacy)
Date of death18 September 1783
Saint Petersburg (Russian Empire)
Manner of death
  • natural causes
Cause of death
Place of burial
Country of citizenship
Residence
Educated at
Doctoral advisor
Doctoral student
Occupation
Employer
Member of
Position held
Field of work
  • mathematical analysis
  • number theory
  • shipbuilding
  • calculus of variations
  • astronomy
  • mechanics
  • theory of differential equations
  • ballistics
  • optics
  • mathematics
  • music theory
  • differential calculus
  • graph theory
  • physics
  • logic
Family
Father
  • Paul III Euler
Mother
  • Marguerite Brucker
Child
Spouse
  • Salomea Abigail Euler (1776–)
  • Katharina Euler (1734–1773)
Work location
Notable work
  • Euler's theorem
  • Euler's rotation theorem
  • Euler's theorem in geometry
  • Euler's sum of powers conjecture
  • Euler's polyhedron formula
  • Euler–Lagrange equation
  • Cauchy–Euler equation
  • Euler's totient function
  • Euler's identity
  • Euler's four-square identity
  • Euler's formula
  • Euler's theorem
  • gamma function
  • Gaussian integral
  • Euler–Mascheroni constant
  • lucky numbers of Euler
  • Euler diagram
  • nine-point circle
  • Euler line
  • Eulerian path
Signature
Authority file
Wikidata Q7604
ISNI: 0000000121245291
VIAF cluster ID: 24639786
GND ID: 118531379
Library of Congress authority ID: n50010222
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID: 12157666x
IdRef ID: 028115481
NDL Authority ID: 00652487
Libraries Australia ID: 35069249
NL CR AUT ID: ola2002161287
HDS ID: 018751
SELIBR ID: 185712
National Library of Israel ID (old): 000044595
National Library of Spain SpMaBN ID (BNE v1.0): XX893649
Nationale Thesaurus voor Auteursnamen ID: 069355770
BIBSYS ID: 90743512
NUKAT ID: n98007245
NLP ID: a0000001797210
CCAB ID: 000209972
National Library of Korea ID: KAC200901598, KAC201102153
Libris-URI: vs6888qd42r4qlr
National Library of Poland MMS ID: 9810667829305606
J9U ID: 987007260793905171
FranceArchives agent ID: 301269974
NACSIS-CAT author ID: DA01184372
SBN author ID: VEAV019451
Open Library ID: OL30028A
Mathematics Genealogy Project ID: 38586
IMDb ID: nm5996380
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Leonhard Euler (15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783) was a Swiss polymath who was active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician, geographer, and engineer. He founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics, such as analytic number theory, complex analysis, and infinitesimal calculus. He also introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and notation, including the notion of a mathematical function. He is known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. Euler has been called a "universal genius" who "was fully equipped with almost unlimited powers of imagination, intellectual gifts and extraordinary memory". He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. Euler is regarded as arguably the most prolific contributor in the history of mathematics and science, and the greatest mathematician of the 18th century.

Personal life

On 7 January 1734, Euler married Katharina Gsell, daughter of Georg Gsell, a painter at the Academy Gymnasium in Saint Petersburg. The couple bought a house by the Neva River. The couple had thirteen children in just sixteen years, but only five of them lived to adulthood, three sons and two daughters:

  • Johann Albrecht Euler (November 27, 1734 - September 18, 1800)
  • Anna Margaretha Euler (May 28, 1736 - July 02, 1736), who died in infancy
  • Maria Gertrude Euler (April 28, 1737 - March 03, 1739), who died in early childhood
  • Anna Elisabeth Euler (October 25, 1739 - November 08, 1739), who died in infancy
  • Karl Johann Euler (July 15, 1740 - March 16, 1790), who married Anna Emilia von Bell. They had five surviving children.
  • Catharina Helena Euler (November 15, 1741 - May 04, 1781), who married Karl Joseph von Bell. They had two surviving children, and she died just over a week after giving birth to her last child.
  • Johann Christophorus Euler (May 01, 1743 - February 24, 1808), a Lieutenant-General who married Anna Wilhelmine Christine von Krabbe. They had seven surviving children.
  • Charlotte Euler (July 12, 1744 - February 13, 1780), who married Johan Jacob van Delen. They had seven surviving children.
  • Unnamed child (1745?), who was stillborn or died shortly after birth
  • Hermann Friedrich Euler (May 08, 1747 - December 12, 1750), who died in early childhood
  • Erthmuth Louise Euler (April 13, 1749 - August 09, 1749), twin of Helene Eleonora, who died in infancy
  • Helene Eleonora Euler (April 13, 1749 - August 11, 1749), twin of Erthmuth Louise, who died in infancy
  • August Friedrich Euler (March 20, 1750 - August 10, 1750), who died in infancy

Three years after his wife's death in 1773, Euler married her half-sister, Salome Abigail Gsell. This marriage lasted until his death in 1783.

Portraits

Stamps and currency

Leonhard Euler (1707–1783)  wikidata:Q7604 s:en:Author:Leonhard Euler q:en:Leonhard Euler
 
Leonhard Euler
Alternative names
Euler, Leonhard; L. Euler; Euler
Description Swiss mathematician, physicist, university teacher, writer, music theorist and astronomer
Date of birth/death 15 April 1707 Edit this at Wikidata 18 September 1783 Edit this at Wikidata
Location of birth/death Basel, Switzerland Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Work period 18th century
date QS:P,+1750-00-00T00:00:00Z/7
Work location
Basel; Saint Petersburg; Berlin; Saint Petersburg (1727–); Berlin (1741–1766) Edit this at Wikidata
Authority file
Category:Leonhard Euler#%20
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