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Sind سندھCategory:Articles containing Urdu-language text (Urdu) سنڌ‎Category:Articles containing Sindhi-language text (Sindhi)
Former Province of British India & Pakistan
1936–1955
Province of Sind in Pakistan
Capital	Karachi (1936–1947) Hyderabad (1947–1955)
Area
•	123,080 km2 (47,520 sq mi)
History
• Formation of Sind Province	1 April 1936
• Pakistan Resolution in Sindh assembly	3 March 1943
• Province of Pakistan	14 August 1947
• Disestablished	14 October 1955
Preceded by Succeeded by Sind Division FCT West Pakistan

Sind, sometimes spelled Scinde, was a province of Pakistan from 1947 till its amalgamation into West Pakistan in 1955; and prior, a province of British India from being granted provincial status in 1936 till Pakistan's independence in 1947. Karachi was the capital of the province till 1948, succeeded by Hyderabad.

Under the British, it encompassed the current territorial limits excluding the princely state of Khairpur. In 1948, Karachi was separated from the province to form the Federal Capital Territory and serve as the federal capital of Pakistan; this resulted in the provincial capital being shifted to Hyderabad. The province was dissolved alongside Baluchistan, the North-West Frontier Province, West Punjab, and a number of Pakistani princely states to form a unified province of West Pakistan in 1955, upon implementation of the One Unit Scheme.^[1]

Administrative divisions

On 1 April 1936 Sind division was separated from Bombay Presidency and restored its status as a State . BjS

At that time the Province's Administration division are listed below:

Geography

The province was bordered by Karachi (within the Federal Capital Territory after 1948) and the princely states of Las Bela and Kalat on the west. To the north were the provinces of Baluchistan and West Punjab. The province bordered the princely state of Bahawalpur on the northeast and it enclosed on three sides the princely state of Khairpur. The Indian states of Rajasthan and Gujarat were beyond its borders to the east and south. On the southwest lay the Arabian Sea, with the Sind's coastline consisting entirely of river deltas, including the Indus River Delta up to Sind's border with the city of Karachi, now the capital of present-day Sindh.

History

Sindh was first settled by the Indus Valley Civilization and Mohenjo-Daro, as early as 1750 BC. It had Greek influence during its history after the expansion of the Macedonian Empire, and developed trade with surrounding regions. Several Sunni Muslim and Rajput kingdoms were set up there, beginning with the Rai dynasty and ending with the Arghuns. The Mughal Empire conquered Sindh under the rule of Akbar in the year 1591. Soon after the coming of European companies, in particular the East India Company, the Mughal hold on the area loosened, and in 1843 Sindh became part of the British India and its Bombay Presidency on 1 October 1848. Later it became Sindh province on 1 April 1936 under All India Act of 1935.

1936–1947

On 1 April 1936, Sind was separated from the Bombay Presidency and given the status of a province, with Karachi as the provincial capital.

Government

The offices of Governor of Sindh and Premier (later Chief Minister) of Sindh were established in 1936 when Sindh became a province. This system continued until 1955 when Sindh was dissolved.

Demographics

By the time of independence in 1947 Sindh had a Muslim majority for centuries but there were significant minorities of Hindus throughout the province. In 1947 due to communal tensions and partition two million Muslim muhajir migrated to Pakistan while most Sindhi Hindus fled to India.

The Muslims from India were mostly Urdu speaking.

Religion in Sindh (1872−1951)

Religious group	1872[5][a]		1881[6][b]		1891[7][c]		1901[8][d]		1911[9][e]		1921[10][f]		1931[11][g]		1941[12][h]		1951[13][14][i]
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Islam	1,712,221	78.1%	1,989,630	78.24%	2,318,180	77.18%	2,609,337	76.52%	2,822,756	75.53%	2,562,700	73.8%	3,017,377	73.34%	3,462,015	71.52%	5,535,645	91.53%
Hinduism [j]	475,848	21.7%	544,848	21.43%	674,371	22.45%	787,683	23.1%	877,313	23.47%	876,629	25.24%	1,055,119	25.65%	1,279,530	26.43%	482,560	7.98%
Christianity	3,329	0.15%	6,082	0.24%	7,768	0.26%	7,825	0.23%	10,917	0.29%	11,734	0.34%	15,152	0.37%	20,304	0.42%	22,601	0.37%
Zoroastrianism	810	0.04%	1,063	0.04%	1,534	0.05%	2,000	0.06%	2,411	0.06%	2,913	0.08%	3,537	0.09%	3,841	0.08%	5,046	0.08%
Judaism	35	0%	153	0.01%	210	0.01%	428	0.01%	595	0.02%	671	0.02%	985	0.02%	1,082	0.02%	—N/a	—N/a
Jainism	—N/a	—N/a	1,191	0.05%	923	0.03%	921	0.03%	1,349	0.04%	1,534	0.04%	1,144	0.03%	3,687	0.08%	—N/a	—N/a
Buddhism	—N/a	—N/a	9	0%	2	0%	0	0%	21	0.001%	41	0.001%	53	0.001%	111	0.002%	670	0.01%
Sikhism	—N/a	—N/a	—N/a	—N/a	720	0.02%	—N/a	—N/a	12,339	0.33%	8,036	0.23%	19,172	0.47%	32,627	0.67%	—N/a	—N/a
Tribal	—N/a	—N/a	—N/a	—N/a	—N/a	—N/a	—N/a	—N/a	9,224	0.25%	8,186	0.24%	204	0%	37,598	0.78%	—N/a	—N/a
Others	172	0.01%	0	0%	3	0%	2,029	0.06%	298	0.01%	64	0.002%	1,510	0.04%	0	0%	1,226	0.02%
Total Responses	2,192,415	94.39%	2,542,976	100%	3,003,711	100%	3,410,223	100%	3,737,223	100%	3,472,508	100%	4,114,253	100%	4,840,795	100%	6,047,748	99.89%
Total Population	2,322,765	100%	2,542,976	100%	3,003,711	100%	3,410,223	100%	3,737,223	100%	3,472,508	100%	4,114,253	100%	4,840,795	100%	6,054,474	100%
Note1: Religious data from the 1881, 1891, 1901, 1911, 1921, 1931, 1941, and 1951 censuses include Khairpur (princely state). Note2: 1951 census includes the Federal Capital Territory (Karachi).

Notes

References

See also

• Sindh
• Khairpur
• Karachi

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