公家
Chinese
just; honourable; public just; honourable; public; common; fair; duke; mister |
home; family; ‑ist home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (公家) | 公 | 家 | |
| simp. #(公家) | 公 | 家 | |
| anagram | 家公 | ||
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gung1 gaa1
- Hakka
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorng1 ga1
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjiā → gōngjia (toneless final syllable variant)
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄚ → ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄐㄧㄚ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: gongjiå
- Wade–Giles: kung1-chia5
- Yale: gūng-jya
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong.jia
- Palladius: гунцзя (gunczja)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/ → /kʊŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ä²/Category:Mandarin words containing toneless variants#gōngjiā
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gung1 gaa1
- Yale: gūng gā
- Cantonese Pinyin: gung1 gaa1
- Guangdong Romanization: gung1 ga1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-kâ
- Hakka Romanization System: gungˊ gaˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gung1 ga1
- Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ka²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: gungˋ gaˋ
- Sinological IPA: /kuŋ⁵³ ka⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng1 ga1 [Phonetic: gorng5 nga1]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: go̤ng-ga
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ (k-)ŋa⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng1 ga1 [Phonetic: gorng5 nga1]
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ (k-)ŋa⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
Adjective
公家Category:Chinese lemmas#八02宀07Category:Chinese adjectives#八02宀07Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#八02宀07Category:Pages with entries#公家Category:Pages with 2 entries#公家
Antonyms
Noun
公家Category:Chinese lemmas#八02宀07Category:Chinese nouns#八02宀07Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#八02宀07Category:Pages with entries#公家Category:Pages with 2 entries#公家
- the state
- the public
- imperial family
- royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government
Synonyms
- (royal court):
- 上國 / 上国 (shàngguó) (as termed by vassal states)
- 世 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
- 中國 / 中国 (zhōngguó)Category:Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#公家 (archaic)
- 公庭 (gōngtíng)
- 國家 / 国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
- 廟 / 庙 (miào)
- 朝廷 (cháotíng)
- 王室 (wángshì)
- 王家 (wángjiā)
- 王朝 (wángcháo)
- 皇室 (huángshì)
- 皇朝 (huángcháo)
Descendants
Pronunciation 2
Category:Chinese lemmas#八02宀07Category:Hokkien lemmas#八02宀07Category:Chinese verbs#八02宀07Category:Hokkien verbs#八02宀07Category:Chinese adverbs#八02宀07Category:Hokkien adverbs#八02宀07Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation#八02宀07Category:Chinese terms spelled with 公#八02宀07Category:Chinese terms spelled with 家#八02宀07Verb
公家Category:Chinese lemmas#八02宀07Category:Chinese verbs#八02宀07Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#八02宀07Category:Pages with entries#公家Category:Pages with 2 entries#公家
Adverb
公家Category:Chinese lemmas#八02宀07Category:Chinese adverbs#八02宀07Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#八02宀07Category:Pages with entries#公家Category:Pages with 2 entries#公家
- (XiamenCategory:Xiamen Hokkien#八02宀07, ZhangzhouCategory:Zhangzhou Hokkien#八02宀07 and Taiwanese HokkienCategory:Taiwanese Hokkien#八02宀07) jointly; together
- 公家出 ― kongke chhut ― (everyone) pay togetherCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 公 | 家 |
| く Grade: 2 |
け > げ Grade: 2 |
| goon | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 公卿 |
/kuᵑ ke/ → /kuɡe/
From Middle ChineseCategory:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese#くけCategory:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#くけ 公家 (MC kuwng kae). Compare modern Mandarin 公家 (gōngjiā, “the state, the public”)Category:Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations#公家.
The meaning in Japanese developed from “great house, great family” to then signify “the imperial family”, then by extension the courtiers, and again the nobility.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) くげ [kùgé] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
- IPA(key): [kɯ̟ɡe̞]Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation#くけ'
Noun
公家 • (kugeCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#公家Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#公家) Category:Japanese lemmas#くけ'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#くけ'Category:Japanese nouns#くけ'Category:Japanese terms with multiple readings#くけ'Category:Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji#くけ'Category:Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji#くけ'Category:Japanese terms with 2 kanji#くけ'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#くけ'Category:Pages with entries#公家Category:Pages with 2 entries#公家
Derived terms
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 公 | 家 |
| こう Grade: 2 |
か Grade: 2 |
| kan'on | |
From Middle ChineseCategory:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese#くけ' 公家 (MC kuwng kae).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) こーか [kóꜜòkà] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
- IPA(key): [ko̞ːka̠]Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation#くけ'
Noun
公家 • (kōkaCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#公家Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#公家) Category:Japanese lemmas#こうかCategory:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#こうかCategory:Japanese nouns#こうかCategory:Japanese terms with multiple readings#こうかCategory:Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji#こうかCategory:Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji#こうかCategory:Japanese terms with 2 kanji#こうかCategory:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#こうかCategory:Pages with entries#公家Category:Pages with 2 entries#公家
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 公 | 家 |
| こう Grade: 2 |
け Grade: 2 |
| kan'on | goon |
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) こーけ [kóꜜòkè] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
- IPA(key): [ko̞ːke̞]Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation#くけ'
Noun
公家 • (kōkeCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#公家Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#公家) Category:Japanese lemmas#こうけCategory:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#こうけCategory:Japanese nouns#こうけCategory:Japanese terms with multiple readings#こうけCategory:Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji#こうけCategory:Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji#こうけCategory:Japanese terms with 2 kanji#こうけCategory:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#こうけCategory:Pages with entries#公家Category:Pages with 2 entries#公家
References
- ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#公家Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#公家 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “△公家”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026