Wikimore

See also: 増

增	U+589E, 增 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-589E

← 墝
[U+589D]

CJK Unified Ideographs Category:CJK Unified Ideographs block#*0000022686

墟 →
[U+589F]

Category:Han script characters#%20

Translingual

Japanese	増
Simplified	增
Traditional	增

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 238, character 25

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5454

Dae Jaweon: page 477, character 10

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 489, character 6

Unihan data for U+589E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		增
alternative forms		増曾 ⿰土⿳丷囚曰𢴣 ⿰土⿳⺈田曰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 增
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (曾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
潧	*ʔsrɯn
繒	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯŋ
增	ʔsɯːŋ, ʔsɯːŋs
憎	*ʔsɯːŋ
磳	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯŋ
曾	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯːŋ
矰	*ʔsɯːŋ
罾	*ʔsɯːŋ
熷	*ʔsɯːŋ
竲	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯŋ
橧	ʔsɯːŋ, zɯŋ
譄	*ʔsɯːŋ
蹭	*sʰɯːŋs
層	*zɯːŋ
贈	*zɯːŋs
僧	*sɯːŋ
鬙	*sɯːŋ
甑	*ʔsɯŋs
鄫	*zɯŋ
驓	*zɯŋ
嶒	*zɯŋ
噌	*sʰɯːŋ
鏳	*zrɯːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *ʔsɯːŋs)Category:Han phono-semantic compounds#土12: semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 曾 (OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ) – things grow in the earth, to build from earth.

Etymology

The Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstruction of this word is *s-tˤəŋCategory:Undetermined language links#增, suggesting the word is derived from 登 (OC *tˤəŋ, “to go up”) by *s-Category:Undetermined language links#增 prefixing.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zēng (zeng¹Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#增)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄥ

Category:Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zen¹

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): zěng

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): zèn
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zang¹

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): zan¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): dang¹
Gan (Wiktionary): zen¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chen

(Meixian, Guangdong): zên⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): zeng¹
Northern Min (KCR): cāing
Eastern Min (BUC): cĕng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zeng¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chng / cheng

(Teochew, Peng'im): zêng¹

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): zeng¹
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): zang¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹tsen
- (Jinhua): ¹tsen
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zen¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zeng
  - Wade–Giles: tsêng¹
  - Yale: dzēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzeng
  - Palladius: цзэн (czɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zen¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zen
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sən⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: zěng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡səŋ²¹/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: zèn
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): zen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sə̃³¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zang¹
  - Yale: jāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zeng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: zan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐn²¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: dang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: zen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛn⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chen
  - Hakka Romanization System: zen
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zen⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sen⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zên⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɛn⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zeng¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cāing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saiŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zeng¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ceng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zeng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chng
  - Tâi-lô: tsng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zngf
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
  - Tâi-lô: tsing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zêng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ³³/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: zeng¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡seŋ³⁵/
Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: zang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡səŋ⁵³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ¹tsen
  - MiniDict: tsen^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sən⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sən⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡sen³³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡səŋ⁵²/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡sɐŋ⁵³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ¹tsen
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡səŋ³³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sən³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 增
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡səŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡səŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡səŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡səŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡səŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡səŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡səŋ²¹/
	Xining	/t͡sə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡səŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡sə̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sɤŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡sən⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡sən⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡sen⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡sə⁴⁴̃/
	Nanjing	/t͡sən³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡sən²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡səŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡səŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡sən⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sen³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡saŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʌ̃³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sən³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sɛn⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sen⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sen²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɐŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sɛiŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡saiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡seŋ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡seŋ³³/ /t͡sɔŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsong, tsongH

Rime
Character	增	增
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	登 (129)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	作滕切	子鄧切
Baxter	tsong	tsongH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zēng	zèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zang¹	zang³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tˤəŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsɯːŋ/, /*ʔsɯːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	增
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zēng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsong ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tˁəŋ/
English	increase
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	增	增
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16613	16623
Phonetic component	曾	曾
Rime group	蒸	蒸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		增
Old Chinese	/*ʔsɯːŋ/	/*ʔsɯːŋs/

Definitions

增Category:Chinese lemmas#土12 Category:Chinese hanzi#土12 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#土12 Category:Pages with entries#增 Category:Pages with 5 entries#增

to increase; to expand; to gain; to add
a surname, ZengCategory:Chinese surnames#土12
13th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "expansion; growth" (𝌒)

Synonyms

(to increase):

edit

加 (jiā)
加上 (jiāshàng)
加多 (jiāduō)
加大 (jiādà)
加添 (jiātiān)
增加 (zēngjiā)
增多 (zēngduō)
增添 (zēngtiān)
增益 (zēngyì)
增長 / 增长 (zēngzhǎng)
廣益 / 广益 (guǎngyì) (literary)
施
添加 (tiānjiā)
補 / 补 (bǔ)
附益 (fùyì) (literary)

Compounds

丹增 (Dānzēng)
倍增 (bèizēng)
增值 (zēngzhí)
增修 (zēngxiū)
增光 (zēngguāng)
增刊
增列
增刪 / 增删 (zēngshān)
增劇 / 增剧
增加 (zēngjiā)
增印
增增減減 / 增增减减
增多 (zēngduō)
增大 (zēngdà)
增幅 (zēngfú)
增廣 / 增广 (zēngguǎng)
增廣生員 / 增广生员
增廣見聞 / 增广见闻
增建
增強 / 增强 (zēngqiáng)
增援 (zēngyuán)
增損 / 增损
增收
增殖 (zēngzhí)
增添 (zēngtiān)
增減 / 增减 (zēngjiǎn)
增生 (zēngshēng)
增產 / 增产 (zēngchǎn)
增益 (zēngyì)
增福財神 / 增福财神
增聘
增色 (zēngsè)
增補 / 增补 (zēngbǔ)
增訂 / 增订 (zēngdìng)
增訂版 / 增订版 (zēngdìngbǎn)
增設 / 增设 (zēngshè)
增資 / 增资 (zēngzī)
增輝 / 增辉
增辟
增進 / 增进 (zēngjìn)
增量 (zēngliàng)
增長 / 增长 (zēngzhǎng)
增長見識 / 增长见识
增闢 / 增辟
增防
增韻 / 增韵
增額國代 / 增额国代
增高 (zēnggāo)
年增率
擴增 / 扩增 (kuòzēng)
日增月益
暴增 (bàozēng)
有增無損 / 有增无损
有增無減 / 有增无减 (yǒuzēngwújiǎn)
添增 (tiānzēng)
激增 (jīzēng)
福履增綏 / 福履增绥
累增字
與日俱增 / 与日俱增 (yǔrìjùzēng)
蒲扇價增 / 蒲扇价增
蓬蓽增輝 / 蓬荜增辉
踵事增華 / 踵事增华
逆增
遞增 / 递增 (dìzēng)
陡增 (dǒuzēng)
馬齒徒增 / 马齿徒增
齒德俱增 / 齿德俱增

References

“增”, in 漢語多功能字庫Category:Chinese terms with redundant script codes#增 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#增 Category:Chinese links with redundant alt parameters#增 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Category:Advanced Mandarin#土12

Japanese

Shinjitai	増Category:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#增
Kyūjitai	增Category:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#增

Kanji

增

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 増)

Category:Japanese kanji#土12 Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#土12 Category:Japanese jinmeiyō kanji#土12

increase
add to
augment

Korean

Hanja

增 (eumhun 더할 증 (deohal jeung))Category:Korean lemmas#증 Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#증 Category:Korean hanja#증 Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#증 Category:Pages with entries#增 Category:Pages with 5 entries#增

hanja form^? of 증 (“increase”)Category:Korean hanja forms#增
hanja form^? of 증 (“add to”)Category:Korean hanja forms#增
hanja form^? of 증 (“augment”)Category:Korean hanja forms#增

Compounds

증가 (增加, jeungga, “increasing (increased amount)”)
증감 (增減, jeunggam, “increasing and decreasing”)
증량 (增量, jeungnyang, “increasing in quantity”)
증설 (增設, jeungseol, “adding installations”)

Vietnamese

Han character

增: Hán Nôm readings: tăng, tângCategory:Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings#土12 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.Category:Requests for definitions in Vietnamese entries#土12

Wikimore

增

Translingual

Han character

Related characters

Descendants

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Korean

Hanja

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character