天然
Chinese
| day; sky; heaven | so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (天然) | 天 | 然 | |
| simp. #(天然) | 天 | 然 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tin1 jin4
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): tiĕng-iòng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): teng1 zeng2
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): thian-liân / thian-jiân
- (Teochew, Peng'im): tiang1 riang5
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1thi-zoe
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: tiānrán
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄖㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tianrán
- Wade–Giles: tʻien1-jan2
- Yale: tyān-rán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianran
- Palladius: тяньжань (tjanʹžanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tin1 jin4
- Yale: tīn yìhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: tin1 jin4
- Guangdong Romanization: tin1 yin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-yèn
- Hakka Romanization System: tienˊ ienˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tian1 yan2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴ i̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-yàn
- Hakka Romanization System: tienˊ (r)ianˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tian1 yan2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴ (j)i̯an¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: tienˋ rhan
- Sinological IPA: /tʰien⁵³ ʒan⁵⁵/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tiĕng-iòng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰieŋ⁵⁵ (Ø-)ŋyoŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: teng1 zeng2 [Phonetic: teng5 neng2]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: teng-céng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ (t͡s-)nɛŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: teng1 zeng2 [Phonetic: teng5 neng2]
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ (t͡s-)nɛŋ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-liân
- Tâi-lô: thian-liân
- Phofsit Daibuun: tienlieen
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ liɛn²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-jiân
- Tâi-lô: thian-jiân
- Phofsit Daibuun: tienjieen
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ziɛn²³/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ziɛn¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: tiang1 riang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiang jiâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
- Wu
Adjective
天然Category:Chinese lemmas#大01火08Category:Chinese adjectives#大01火08Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#大01火08Category:Pages with entries#天然Category:Pages with 4 entries#天然
- (attributive) natural (produced by nature)
- 天然雜質／天然杂质 ― tiānrán zázhì ― natural impurityCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
- 天然種植。／天然种植。 ― Tiānrán zhòngzhí. ― Grown naturally.Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples
Usage notes
天然 (tiānrán) can only be used as an attributive to describe things that are literally produced by nature. Unlike the usual term for natural, 自然 (zìrán), it cannot be graded or used figuratively.
Synonyms
- 自然 (zìrán)
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Japanese: 天然 (tennen)
- → Korean: 천연(天然) (cheonyeon)
- → Vietnamese: thiên nhiên (天然Category:Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes#天然)
References
- 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “天然”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 533.
- “天然”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Mandarin and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022. Category:Intermediate Mandarin#大01火08
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 天 | 然 |
| てん Grade: 1 |
ねん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | goon |
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) てんねん [tèńnéń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [tẽ̞nːẽ̞ɴ]Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation#てんねん
Noun
天然 • (tennenCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#天然Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#天然) Category:Japanese lemmas#てんねんCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#てんねんCategory:Japanese nouns#てんねんCategory:Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji#てんねんCategory:Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji#てんねんCategory:Japanese terms with 2 kanji#てんねんCategory:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#てんねんCategory:Pages with entries#天然Category:Pages with 4 entries#天然
Derived terms
References
- ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#天然Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#天然 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “天然”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 天 | 然 |
Noun
天然 • (cheonyeon) (hangeul 천연)Category:Korean lemmas#천연Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#천연Category:Korean nouns#천연Category:Korean nouns in Han script#천연Category:Korean terms with redundant script codes#천연Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#천연Category:Pages with entries#天然Category:Pages with 4 entries#天然
- hanja form? of 천연 (“natural”)Category:Korean hanja forms#天然
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 天 | 然 |
Noun
天然Category:Vietnamese lemmas#大01火08Category:Vietnamese nouns#大01火08Category:Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header#大01火08Category:Pages with entries#天然Category:Pages with 4 entries#天然Category:Vietnamese nouns in Han script#大01火08
- chữ Hán form of thiên nhiên (“nature”)Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán
Adjective
天然Category:Vietnamese lemmas#大01火08Category:Vietnamese adjectives#大01火08Category:Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header#大01火08Category:Pages with entries#天然Category:Pages with 4 entries#天然Category:Vietnamese adjectives in Han script#大01火08
- chữ Hán form of thiên nhiên (“natural”)Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán