Wikimore

然	U+7136, 然 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7136

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

然Category:Translingual lemmas#火08然 Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#火08然 Category:Translingual symbols#火08然 Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#火08然 Category:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#火08然 Category:Pages with entries#然 Category:Pages with 5 entries#然 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+8, 12 strokes, Cangjie input 月大火 (BKF), four-corner 2333₃, composition ⿱⿰𱼀犬灬)Category:Han script characters#火08然

Derived characters

㒄, 嘫, 㜣, 㦓, 撚, 㬗, 橪, 燃, 繎, 蹨, 䳿, 䔳

Additional Derived Characters

𡑋, 𪷖, 𤡮, 𬙇, 𣰂, 𥊶, 𲵓, 𬬊, 𫻜, 𩉄, 𡮫, 𥢯, 𥳚, 𤺱

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 675, character 12

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19149

Dae Jaweon: page 1086, character 20

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2213, character 5

Unihan data for U+7136

Chinese

trad.		然
simp. ^#		然
2nd round simp.		⿱犬一
alternative forms		𤉷𤟙𦛡嘫㸐／𬊾𤉷𤟙𦛡嘫㸐／𬊾𤓉

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 然
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (肰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
嘫	*rneːn
然	*njen
肰	*njen
繎	njon, njen
燃	*njen
蹨	njenʔ, neːnʔ
橪	njenʔ, ʔneːn
撚	*neːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njen)Category:Han phono-semantic compounds#火08: phonetic 肰 (OC *njen)Category:Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#然 + semantic 火 (“fire”) – to burn. The derivative 燃 (OC *njen) preserves the original word.

In the modern form, the top-left component 肉 (“meat”) has been turned on its side, appearing more like 夕 (“evening”) with an extra stroke (𱼀 (𱼀)Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant manual script codes#然); compare 祭, 將.

Etymology

A fusion of 如 (OC *nja, *njas) with an element *-n which has a demonstrative meaning (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): rán (ran²Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#然)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ran²

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): rán

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): rán
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jin⁴

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): jin⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngen³
Gan (Wiktionary): len⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yèn / yàn

(Hailu, HRS): rhan

(Meixian, Guangdong): yan²
Jin (Wiktionary): ran¹
Northern Min (KCR): ǐng
Eastern Min (BUC): iòng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zeng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): liân / jiân

(Teochew, Peng'im): riêng⁵ / riang⁵

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): yieng⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶zoe / ²zoe / ²zie / ²ze / ²zuon / ²zeen / ²zoen
- (Jinhua): ²zhioe; ²zhian
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): yenn²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rán
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rán
  - Wade–Giles: jan²
  - Yale: rán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ran
  - Palladius: жань (žanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐän³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ran²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /zan²¹/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: rán
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐã²⁴/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: rán
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): ran²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐã²⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jin⁴
  - Yale: yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²¹/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: jin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /zin²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngen³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡen²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: len⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɛn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rhan
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒan⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /ian¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ran¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʐæ̃¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǐng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yoŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Donghai)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zeng²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: céng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛŋ¹³/
- (Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zeng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡se̞ŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zeng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liân
  - Tâi-lô: liân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lieen
  - Sinological IPA (Penang): /liɛn²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /liɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiân
  - Tâi-lô: jiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jieen
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziɛn¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɛn²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: riêng⁵ / riang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jiêng / jiâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/, /d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

riêng5 - Chaozhou;
riang5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chenghai, Chaoyang.

- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: yieng⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /zieŋ²²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zoe
  - MiniDict: zoe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zø²³/
- (Northern: Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ²zoe
  - MiniDict: zoe^平
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /szø²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zø²²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /zɵ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /zɤə³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /zø³¹³/
- (Northern: Jiading)
  - Wugniu: ²zie
  - MiniDict: zie^平
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /zɪ³¹/
- (Northern: Songjiang)
  - Wugniu: ²ze
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ze³¹/
- (Northern: Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ²zuon
  - MiniDict: zuon^平
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /zzʷõ²³/
- (Northern: Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu: ²zeen
  - MiniDict: zen^平
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /zẽ²³¹/
- (Northern: Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu: ²zoen
  - MiniDict: zoeon^平
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /zø̃²³¹/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ²zhioe; ²zhian
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /ʑyɤ³¹³/, /ʑiã³¹³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: yenn²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y̯ẽ¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 然
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʐan³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʐan²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ian⁴⁵/ /ʐan⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʐã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/iã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʐan⁵³/ /ʐan⁴²/ ～而
	Xi'an	/ʐã²⁴/
	Xining	/ʐã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʐan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʐɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʐan⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/nan²¹³/
	Chengdu	/zan³¹/
	Guiyang	/zan²¹/
	Kunming	/ʐã̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʐaŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʐæ̃⁵⁵/ /ʐən⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/zæ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʐɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ʐæ̃⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/zø²³/
	Suzhou	/zø¹³/
	Hangzhou	/zz̩ʷõ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ji³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ie⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/iɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/yẽ¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/iẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/lɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/ian¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʒen¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jin²¹/
	Nanning	/jin²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jɐn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lian³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/yoŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/iŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ziaŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/zin³¹/

Middle Chinese: nyen

Rime
Character	然
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如延切
Baxter	nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵian/
Li Rong	/ȵiɛn/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[n]a[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*njen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	然
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rán
Middle Chinese	‹ nyen ›
Old Chinese	/*[n]a[n]/
English	so, thus; (adv suffix)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	然
Reading #	1/1
No.	10756
Phonetic component	肰
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	然
Old Chinese	/*njen/

Definitions

然Category:Chinese lemmas#火08 Category:Chinese hanzi#火08 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#火08 Category:Pages with entries#然 Category:Pages with 5 entries#然

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#火08) Original form of 燃 (rán, “to burn”).
- 凡有四端於我者，知皆擴而充之矣，若火之始然，泉之始達。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  凡有四端于我者，知皆扩而充之矣，若火之始然，泉之始达。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Fán yǒu sìduān yú wǒ zhě, zhī jiē kuò ér chōng zhī yǐ, ruò huǒ zhī shǐ rán, quán zhī shǐ dá. [Pinyin]
  Since all men have these four principles in themselves, let them know to give them all their development and completion, and the issue will be like that of fire which has begun to burn, or that of a spring which has begun to find vent.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#火08) a demonstrative that refers to a previous verbal clause
Near-synonym: 是 (shì)
1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#火08) so; thus; in this manner; like this
  然後／然后 ― ránhòu ― then (literally, “after things turn out this way”)Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples
  
  不然 ― bùrán ― or else, otherwise (literally, “not so”)Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples
  
  非然也。 [Classical Chinese] ― Fēi rán yě. [Pinyin] ― It is not so. / That is not how it is.Category:Classical Chinese terms with usage examples Category:Requests for attention concerning Chinese#火08
  - 子曰：「何必高宗，古之人皆然。」 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐ yuē: “Hé bì Gāo Zōng, gǔ zhī rén jiē rán.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "Why must Gao Zong be referred to as an example of this? The ancients were all like this.
    Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#火08) Suffix forming adverbs, sometimes also adjectives, with an abstract meaning of “in the manner of, like”.
  顯然／显然 ― xiǎnrán ― apparently, obviouslyCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
  
  果然 ― guǒrán ― as expected (literally, “as a result”)Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples
  
  龐然大物／庞然大物 ― pángrándàwù ― giant, something enormous (literally, “a bigly big thing”)Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples
  
  喟然長嘆／喟然长叹 ― kuìránchángtàn ― to sigh (with 喟 being an onomatopoeia)Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#火08) metaphors extracted from fossilizations of sense 2
1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#火08) but
  然而 ― rán'ér ― but (literally, “(having said) that, and/but”)Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples
  - 吾不能早用子，今急而求子，是寡人之過也。然鄭亡，子亦有不利焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    吾不能早用子，今急而求子，是寡人之过也。然郑亡，子亦有不利焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
    Wú bùnéng zǎo yòng zǐ, jīn jí ér qiú zǐ, shì guǎrén zhī guò yě. Rán Zhèng wáng, zǐ yì yǒu bùlì yān. [Pinyin]
    That I was not able to employ you earlier, and now beg your help in my straits, I acknowledge to be my fault. But if Zheng perish, you also will suffer loss.
    Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#火08) correct; right
  不以為然／不以为然 ― bùyǐwèirán ― to not regard as correct (literally, “not regarding (reality) as (being) that”); to objectCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
  - 子曰：「雍之言然。」 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐ yuē: “Yōng zhī yán rán.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "Yong's words are right."
    Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#火08) to regard as correct; to agree
  - 沛公然其計，從之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    沛公然其计，从之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Pèi gōng rán qí jì, cóng zhī. [Pinyin]
    Liu Bang agreed with his plan and followed it.
    Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
(Teochew Category:Teochew Chinese#火08) to resemble; to be like

Usage notes

This word is fossilized and cannot be used to form new expressions in Modern Chinese. In earlier Chinese, it could freely refer to any verb clause.

1910, Sun Tzu [Traditional Han: 孫子], chapter XI, in Lionel Giles, transl., Sun Tzŭ on the Art of War […], London: Luzac & Co., translation of 孫子兵法 [Sūnzǐ Bīngfǎ, The Art of War], →OCLC, page 92:

29. 故善用兵譬如率然率然

Category:English terms with quotations#然

(literally, “So [the] good user [of] troops resembles like quickly [...] quickly [doing] that, i.e. using troops”)

1910, Sun Tzu [Traditional Han: 孫子], chapter XI, in Lionel Giles, transl., Sun Tzŭ on the Art of War […], London: Luzac & Co., translation of 孫子兵法 [Sūnzǐ Bīngfǎ, The Art of War], →OCLC, page 143:

58. 投之亡地然後存陷之死地然後生

Category:English terms with quotations#然

Alternatively punctuated 投之亡地。然後存。陷之死地。然後生

(literally, “Throw them (the troops) [into] death land. After doing that [they will] survive. Sink them (the troops) [into] death land. After doing that [they will] live”)

With the alternative punctuation, the quote commands the reader to actually try this, which is somewhat reasonable. However in Classical Chinese, all pronouns, including this, can also used be topicalizers to merely continue the last clause but linguistically unfocus it instead of starting a new sentence. The topicalization interpretation is equal to the following:

*投之亡地後存。陷之死地後生

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 像 (“to be like; to be similar to; to resemble”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		似
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		像
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	像
	Malaysia	像
	Singapore	像
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	像
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	像
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	像
	Wuhan	像
	Guilin	像
Cantonese	Guangzhou	似
	Hong Kong	似
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	似
	Singapore (Guangfu)	似
Gan	Nanchang	像
Gan	Lichuan	像
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	像
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	像
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	像
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	像
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	像
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	像
	Kuala Lumpur (Huiyang)	像, 似
Jin	Taiyuan	像
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	像
Southern Min	Xiamen	像
	Taipei	像
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	像
	Kaohsiung	像
	Yilan	像
	Changhua (Lukang)	像
	Taichung	像
	Tainan	像
	Hsinchu	像
	Kinmen	像
	Penghu (Magong)	像
	Singapore (Hokkien)	𫝛, macam
	Chaozhou	然
	Shantou	然
	Jieyang	然, 肖
	Puning	肖
	Singapore (Teochew)	然, macam
	Batam (Teochew)	然, macam
	Haikou	像
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	像
Wu	Danyang	像
Wu	Ningbo	像, 像人家, 像家

Dialectal synonyms of 但是 (“but; however”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		而, 然, 但, 卻, 則
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		但是, 但, 可是, 不過, 然而
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	但是, 但, 可是, 不過
	Malaysia	但
	Singapore	但, 但是, 可是, 不過
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	但是
Southwestern Mandarin	Pematangsiantar	tapi
Cantonese	Guangzhou	但係, 不過, 之不過, 之但係
	Hong Kong	但係, 不過, 之不過, 之但係, but
	Taishan	但係
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	但係
	Singapore (Guangfu)	但係, 不過, 之不過
Hakka	Meixian	但係, 董係
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	但係, 毋過
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	但係, 毋過, 毋故
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	但係, 毋過
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	但係, 毋過
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	但係, 毋過
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	毋過
	Senai (Huiyang)	但係
	Kuching (Hepo)	tapi
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	但是
Eastern Min	Matsu	但是
Southern Min	Xiamen	但是, 毋過, 毋句, 不過, 不而過
	Quanzhou	但是, 毋句, 不過, 不而過
	Zhangzhou	但是, 毋過, 不過, 不而過
	Taipei	但是, 毋過, 不而過
	Penang (Hokkien)	tapi, 但是
	Singapore (Hokkien)	tapi, 但是, 毋句, 毋過
	Manila (Hokkien)	毋過, 但是, 毋句
	Medan (Hokkien)	tapi
	Shantou	是呾
	Shantou (Chenghai)	是呾
	Jieyang	是呾, 比補
	Bangkok (Teochew)	但是, แต่ว่าCategory:Chinese terms in nonstandard scripts#然
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	但是, tapi
	Singapore (Teochew)	tapi, 不過, 但是
	Wenchang	但是
	Qionghai	但是
Wu	Shanghai	但是, 必過, 不過, 但不過, 但必過
Wu	Wuxi	但必過

Compounds

不其然
不期然 (bùqīrán)
不然 (bùrán)
不盡然 / 不尽然 (bùjìnrán)
不自然 (bùzìrán)
並然 / 并然
乍然 (zhàrán)
了然 (liǎorán)Category:Chinese terms with redundant transliterations#然
云然
井然 (jǐngrán)
亦然 (yìrán)
仍然 (réngrán)
仆然
介然
佁然
依然 (yīrán)
使然 (shǐrán)
便不然
信然
俄然 (érán)
倓然 (tánrán)
倘然 (tǎngrán)
倏然
偶然 (ǒurán)
偶然性 (ǒuránxìng)
偶然論 / 偶然论
傀然
傲然 (àorán)
僩然 / 𰂎然
僻然
儼然 / 俨然 (yǎnrán)
儻然 / 傥然
充然
全然 (quánrán)
公然 (gōngrán)
具然
再不然 (zàibùrán)
冏然
冒然
冷然 (lěngrán)
凜然 / 凛然 (lǐnrán)
凝然
剨然
劃然 / 划然
劈然
勃然 (bórán)
匹然
卓然 (zhuórán)
卒然
呀然
哄然
啞然 / 哑然
喟然 (kuìrán)
嗒然 (tàrán)
噏然
嘸然 / 呒然
嘿然
囂然 / 嚣然
囅然 / 冁然
固然 (gùrán)
坦然 (tǎnrán)
填然
塌然
塊然 / 块然 (kuàirán)
墳然 / 坟然
大自然 (dàzìrán)
天然 (tiānrán)
天然林 (tiānránlín)
天然橋 / 天然桥
天然氣 / 天然气 (tiānránqì)
天然鈾 / 天然铀
奄然
奐然 / 奂然
奮然 / 奋然 (fènrán)
嫣然 (yānrán)
孑然 (jiérán)
安然 (ānrán)
定然 (dìngrán)
宛然 (wǎnrán)
宜然
宴然
寂然 (jìrán)
寞然
尚然
尨然
居然 (jūrán)
屹然 (yìrán)
岈然
岸然 (ànrán)
峨然
嶄然 / 崭然 (zhǎnrán)
嶔然 / 嵚然
嶷然
巋然 / 岿然 (kuīrán)
巍然 (wēirán)
已然 (yǐrán)
帖然
幡然 (fānrán)
幸然
廢然 / 废然
龐然 / 庞然
徒然 (túrán)
心靜自然涼 / 心静自然凉 (xīn jìng zìrán liáng)
必然 (bìrán)
忽然 (hūrán)
忻然
忿然 (fènrán)
忡然
怦然 (pēngrán)
怡然 (yírán)
怵然
怛然
怏然 (yàngrán)
怫然
恐恐然
恧然
恍然 (huǎngrán)
恬然 (tiánrán)
恤然
悄然 (qiǎorán)
悍然 (hànrán)
悠然 (yōurán)
悚然
悾然
悽然 / 凄然 (qīrán)
惙然
悵然 / 怅然 (chàngrán)
惠然
惆然
惘然 (wǎngrán)
惛然
惝然
慨然 (kǎirán)
愕然 (èrán)
惻然 / 恻然 (cèrán)
惶然
愀然
想當然 / 想当然 (xiǎngdāngrán)
愴然 / 怆然 (chuàngrán)
慄然 / 栗然
慘然 / 惨然 (cǎnrán)
憖憖然 / 慭慭然
憫然 / 悯然
憤然 / 愤然 (fènrán)
憬然
憮然 / 怃然 (wǔrán)
懍然 / 懔然
懣然 / 懑然
懵然 (měngrán)
懼然 / 惧然
戄然
或然率 (huòránlǜ)
戛然
戚然
截然 (jiérán)
所以然 (suǒyǐrán)
抖然
拂然
挺然
撇然
撲然 / 扑然
撒然
斐然 (fěirán)
斗然
料然
斷然 / 断然 (duànrán)
既然 (jìrán)
昂然 (ángrán)
昭然 (zhāorán)
昭然若揭 (zhāoránruòjiē)
晏然 (yànrán)
暢然 / 畅然
曠然 / 旷然
木木然
木然 (mùrán)
未然 (wèirán)
杳然 (yǎorán)
枉然 (wǎngrán)
果然 (guǒrán)
枵然
柔然 (Róurán)
栩然
森然 (sēnrán)
概然律
樊然
欣然 (xīnrán)
殷然
毅然 (yìrán)
決然 / 决然 (juérán)
汪然
沛然 (pèirán)
沸然
油然 (yóurán)
泠然
泯然
泫然
泰然 (tàirán)
洗然
洒然
洞然
浩然 (hàorán)
浡然
浩然巾
淡然 (dànrán)
淒然 / 凄然 (qīrán)
混然
渙然 / 涣然
湛然
渾然 / 浑然 (húnrán)
渥然
湢然
渺然
溘然
漠然 (mòrán)
漂然
漫然
潸然 (shānrán)
澹然 (dànrán)
灑然 / 洒然
灕然 / 漓然
灼然 (zhuórán)
炳然
然則 / 然则 (ránzé)
然否
然後 / 然后 (ránhòu)
然疑
然而 (rán'ér)
然雖 / 然虽
然頃 / 然顷
煥然 / 焕然
燁然 / 烨然 (yèrán)
熾然 / 炽然
燕然山
燦然 / 灿然 (cànrán)
爛然 / 烂然
爽然 (shuǎngrán)
犁然
猛然 (měngrán)
猝然 (cùrán)
猛然間 / 猛然间
猶然 / 犹然 (yóurán)
率然
當然 / 当然 (dāngrán)
的然
皆然
皓然 (hàorán)
皚然 / 皑然
皤然
皭然
盎然 (àngrán)
眇然
瞞瞞然 / 瞒瞒然
瞭然 / 了然 (liǎorán)
瞥然
瞥瞥然
瞿然
矍然
砉然
砰然
確然 / 确然
秩然
穆然
突然 (tūrán)
窅然
窪然 / 洼然
端然
粲然 (cànrán)
純然 / 纯然 (chúnrán)
索然 (suǒrán)
紛然 / 纷然
絕然 / 绝然
總然 / 总然
縱然 / 纵然 (zòngrán)
罄然
翕然
翛然
翩然
翻然 (fānrán)
聳然 / 耸然
肆然
肅然 / 肃然 (sùrán)
胥然
脫然 / 脱然
腆然
自然 (zìrán)
自然人 (zìránrén)
自然力 (zìránlì)
自然堤
自然數 / 自然数 (zìránshù)
自然村 (zìráncūn)
自然汞
自然率
自然界 (zìránjiè)
自然美
自然金
自然銀 / 自然银
自然銅 / 自然铜
自然鐵 / 自然铁
色然
艴然
芒然 (mángrán)
芒芒然
苟然
茫然 (mángrán)
茫茫然
莽然
萃然
著然
蓋然性 / 盖然性 (gàiránxìng)
蔚然 (wèirán)
蓬蓬然
蕭然 / 萧然
蕩然 / 荡然
薆然 / 𫉁然
薰然
藐然
藹然 / 蔼然 (ǎirán)
蘧然
衎然
衝然 / 冲然
褎然
要不然 (yàobùrán)
訇然
計然 / 计然
訢然 / 䜣然
誠然 / 诚然 (chéngrán)
諛然 / 谀然
謋然 / 𰵼然
譁然 / 哗然 (huárán)
讙然 / 欢然
豁然 (huòrán)
貿然 / 贸然 (màorán)
賁然 / 贲然
赧然 (nǎnrán)
赫然 (hèrán)
超然 (chāorán)
超然臺 / 超然台
超自然 (chāozìrán)
跫然 (qióngrán)
蹙然
蹴然
蹶然
蹴蹴然
躍然 / 跃然 (yuèrán)
軋然 / 轧然
軒然 / 轩然
軒然大波 / 轩然大波 (xuānrándàbō)
較然 / 较然
轟然 / 轰然 (hōngrán)
辟然
迥然 (jiǒngrán)
逌然
適然 / 适然
遽然 (jùrán)
邈然
釋然 / 释然 (shìrán)
重然諾 / 重然诺 (zhòngránnuò)
錚錚然 / 铮铮然
鏗然 / 铿然 (kēngrán)
閔然 / 闵然
閹然 / 阉然
闇然 / 暗然
闃然 / 阒然 (qùrán)
闐然 / 阗然
陌然
陡然 (dǒurán)
陡然間 / 陡然间
陶然 (táorán)
陶然亭 (Táorántíng)
隤然 / 𬯎然
隱然 / 隐然
隺然
雖然 / 虽然
雜然 / 杂然
霍然 (huòrán)
靡然
靦然 / 䩄然
竟然 (jìngrán)
須然 / 须然
頎然 / 颀然
頓然 / 顿然 (dùnrán)
頹然 / 颓然
顯然 / 显然 (xiǎnrán)
颯然 / 飒然
飀飀然 / 飗飗然
飄然 / 飘然 (piāorán)
飄飄然 / 飘飘然 (piāopiāorán)
駭然 / 骇然 (hàirán)
騞然 / 𬴃然
騷然 / 骚然
驀然 / 蓦然 (mòrán)
驟然 / 骤然 (zhòurán)
鬨然 / 哄然
魏然
默然 (mòrán)
黯然 (ànrán)
黭然

References

“然”, in 漢語多功能字庫Category:Chinese terms with redundant script codes#然 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#然 Category:Chinese links with redundant alt parameters#然 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “然”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 215.

Japanese

Kanji

然

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Category:Japanese kanji#火08 Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#火08 Category:Japanese fourth grade kanji#火08 Category:Japanese kyōiku kanji#火08 Category:Japanese jōyō kanji#火08

and, and then, and therefore
so, if so, as it is, in that way
however, but
a certain thing, a sort of thing

Readings

Compounds

靄然(あいぜん) (aizen, literally “mist-like”): gentle; serene
唖(あ)然(ぜん) (azen)
一目瞭然(いちもくりょうぜん) (ichimokuryōzen)
愕然(がくぜん) (gakuzen)
砉然(けきぜん) (kekizen)
毅(き)然(ぜん) (kizen)
偶然(ぐうぜん) (gūzen): coincidence
公然(こうぜん) (kōzen)
自(し)然(ぜん) (shizen): nature; natural; naturally
- 自(し)然(ぜん)界(かい) (shizenkai)
- 自(し)然(ぜん)科(か)学(がく) (shizen kagaku)
- 自(し)然(ぜん)環(かん)境(きょう) (shizen kankyō)
- 自(し)然(ぜん)現(げん)象(しょう) (shizen genshō)
全然(ぜんぜん) (zenzen)
騒然(そうぜん) (sōzen)
泰然自若(たいぜんじじゃく) (taizenjijaku)
徒然(つれづれ) (tsurezure)
天然(てんねん) (tennen)
当然(とうぜん) (tōzen): naturally, matter of course
同然(どうぜん) (dōzen): just like; the same as; as good as
突然(とつぜん) (totsuzen)
判然(はんぜん) (hanzen): clearness
必然(ひつぜん) (hitsuzen)
呆然(ぼうぜん) (bōzen)
未(み)然(ぜん) (mizen)
慄然(りつぜん), りつ然(ぜん) (ritsuzen): horrified

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
然
ぜん Grade: 4
on'yomi

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 然 read as ぜん#せん'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#せん'Category:Japanese terms read with on'yomi#せん'

From Middle Chinese Category:Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese#せん'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#せん'Category:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese#せん' 然 (nyen, “-like”)Category:Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#然.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [d͡zẽ̞ɴ]Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation#せん'

Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent#せん'

Suffix

(attaches to nouns) -like; resembling
オタク然(ぜん)とした男(おとこ) ― otaku-zen to shita otoko ― nerdy-looking guyCategory:Japanese terms with usage examples#せん'