This appendix explains characters written in the Arabic script.

There are 28 letters used for writing the Arabic language. Derived from the Phoenician alphabet, the Arabic script has been adopted for use in a wide variety of languages other than Arabic, including Persian, Kurdish, Malay, Somali and Urdu.

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Arabic script

Wikipedia

Arabic alphabet

Name	ا (-) ‎ أَلِف (ʔalif)	ب (b) ‎ بَاء (bāʔ)	ت (t) ‎ تَاء (tāʔ)	ث (ṯ) ‎ ثَاء (ṯāʔ)	ج (j) ‎ جِيم (jīm)	ح (ḥ) ‎ حَاء (ḥāʔ)	خ (ḵ) ‎ خَاء (ḵāʔ)	د (d) ‎ دَال (dāl)	ذ (ḏ) ‎ ذَال (ḏāl)	ر (r) ‎ رَاء (rāʔ)
Letter
Name	ز (z) ‎ زَاي (zāy), زَيْن (zayn)	س (s) ‎ سِين (sīn)	ش (š) ‎ شِين (šīn)	ص (ṣ) ‎ صَاد (ṣād)	ض (ḍ) ‎ ضَاد (ḍād)	ط (ṭ) ‎ طَاء (ṭāʔ)	ظ (ẓ) ‎ ظَاء (ẓāʔ)	ع (ʕ) ‎ عَيْن (ʕayn)	غ (ḡ) ‎ غَيْن (ḡayn)	ف (f) ‎ فَاء (fāʔ)
Letter
Name	ق (q) ‎ قَاف (qāf)	ك (k) ‎ كَاف (kāf)	ل (l) ‎ لَام (lām)	م (m) ‎ مِيم (mīm)	ن (n) ‎ نُون (nūn)	ه (h) ‎ هَاء (hāʔ)	و (w) ‎ وَاو (wāw)	ي (y) ‎ يَاء (yāʔ)
Letter
Some letters have an initial, medial and final form.

Arabic script (main letters used in Arabic)

Modified letters and additional symbols

• ء‎ هَمْزَة (hamza) (standalone) - هَمْزَة القَطْع (hamzat al-qaṭʕ)Category:Arabic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#ARABIC%20SCRIPT
• ة‎ - تَاء مَرْبُوطَة (tāʔ marbūṭa)
• ى‎ - أَلِف مَقْصُورَة (ʔalif maqṣūra), final position only, often used in place of the final ي (y)Category:Arabic terms with redundant script codes#ARABIC%20SCRIPT by some writers, especially in Egypt.
• أ‎ - (hamza over an ʔalif)
• إ‎ - (hamza under an ʔalif)
• ؤ‎ - (hamza over a wāw)
• ئ‎ - (hamza over a dotless yāʔ)
• آ‎ - أَلِف مَدَّة (ʔalif madda)
• ٱ‎ - هَمْزَة الوَصْل (hamzat al-waṣl)Category:Arabic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#ARABIC%20SCRIPT

Diacritics - تَشْكِيل (taškīl)

• ـَ‎ - فَتْحَة (fatḥa)

• ـِ‎ - كَسْرَة (kasra)

• ـُ‎ - ضَمَّة (ḍamma)

• ـْ‎ - سُكُون (sukūn)

• ـّ‎ - شَدَّة (šadda)

• ـٰ‎ - أَلِف خَنْجَرِيَّة (ʔalif ḵanjariyya) - missing on standard keyboards, seldom used, only appears in a small number of words.

Nunation - تَنْوِين (tanwīn)

• ـٌ‎ - تَنْوِين الضَّمّ (tanwīn aḍ-ḍamm)

• ـٍ‎ - تَنْوِين الْكَسْر (tanwīn al-kasr)

• ـً‎ - تَنْوِين الْفَتْح (tanwīn al-fatḥ)

Others

• ـ‎ - تَطْوِيل (taṭwīl), a lengthening symbol, has no phonetic value.

Modifications for other languages

Far Wadaad (Mayal/Makaahiil) script

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1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
ا	ب	ت	ث	ج	ح	خ	د	ذ	ڎ	ر	ز	س	ش	ص	ض	ط	ظ	ع	غ	ف	ق	ك	گ	ل	م	ن	ه	و	ي

Other letters:

آ

أ

ؤ

ۃ

ۂ

ئ

Modified letters and additional symbols

• ء‎ هَمْزَة (hamza) (standalone) - هَمْزَة القَطْع (hamzat al-qaṭʕ)Category:Arabic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#ARABIC%20SCRIPT
• ة‎ - تَاء مَرْبُوطَة (tāʔ marbūṭa)
• ى‎ - أَلِف مَقْصُورَة (ʔalif maqṣūra), final position only, often used in place of the final ي (y)Category:Arabic terms with redundant script codes#ARABIC%20SCRIPT by some writers, especially in Egypt.
• أ‎ - (hamza over an ʔalif)
• إ‎ - (hamza under an ʔalif)
• ؤ‎ - (hamza over a wāw)
• ئ‎ - (hamza over a dotless yāʔ)
• آ‎ - أَلِف مَدَّة (ʔalif madda)
• ٱ‎ - هَمْزَة الوَصْل (hamzat al-waṣl)Category:Arabic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#ARABIC%20SCRIPT

Nunation - تَنْوِين (tanwīn) This writing convention relies on Arabic vowel diacritics.

• ـٌ‎ - تَنْوِين الضَّمّ (tanwīn aḍ-ḍamm)
• ـٍ‎ - تَنْوِين الْكَسْر (tanwīn al-kasr)
• ـً‎ - تَنْوِين الْفَتْح (tanwīn al-fatḥ)</span