Gall
English
Etymology
- As an English, Scottish GaelicCategory:English terms derived from Scottish Gaelic#GALL, and IrishCategory:English terms derived from Irish#GALL surname, of CelticCategory:English terms derived from Celtic languages#GALL origin, from Gall (“foreigner”). This is in turn from LatinCategory:English terms derived from Latin#GALL Gallus, which has borrowings (many of which are surnames) in several European languages, such as Czech Havel, Polish Gawel.
- As a HungarianCategory:English terms derived from Hungarian#GALL surname, variant of Gál, itself from the Latin word.
Proper noun
Gall (plural Galls)Category:English lemmas#GALLCategory:English proper nouns#GALLCategory:English countable nouns#GALLCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#GALLCategory:Pages with entries#GALLCategory:Pages with 6 entries#GALL
Breton
Etymology
From LatinCategory:Breton terms derived from Latin#GALL Gallus, see also Scottish Gaelic Gall.
Pronunciation
Noun
Gall m (plural Gallaoued)Category:Breton lemmas#GALLCategory:Breton nouns#GALLCategory:Breton entries with incorrect language header#GALLCategory:Breton masculine nouns#GALLCategory:Pages with entries#GALLCategory:Pages with 6 entries#GALL
- (archaicCategory:Breton terms with archaic senses#GALL) foreigner
- (datedCategory:Breton dated terms#GALL) Gaul, Gaulish person
- Gallo-speaker
- Frenchman, Romance-speaking person not from Lower Brittany
Derived terms
Related terms
Mutation
Czech
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)Category:Requests for etymologies in Czech entries#GALL
Pronunciation
Proper noun
Gall m anim (female equivalent Gallová)Category:Czech lemmas#GALLCategory:Czech proper nouns#GALLCategory:Czech entries with incorrect language header#GALLCategory:Czech masculine nouns#GALLCategory:Czech animate nouns#GALLCategory:Pages with entries#GALLCategory:Pages with 6 entries#GALL
Declension
Irish
Etymology
See gall.
Pronunciation
- (Aran) IPA(key): /ɡɑ(ː)l̪ˠ/[1]Category:Irish terms with IPA pronunciation#GALL
- (Cois Fharraige) IPA(key): /ɡɑːl̪ˠ/Category:Irish terms with IPA pronunciation#GALL
- (Ulster) IPA(key): /ɡal̪ˠ/[2]Category:Irish terms with IPA pronunciation#GALL
Noun
Gall m (genitive singular Gaill, nominative plural Gaill)Category:Irish lemmas#GALLCategory:Irish nouns#GALLCategory:Irish entries with incorrect language header#GALLCategory:Irish masculine nouns#GALLCategory:Pages with entries#GALLCategory:Pages with 6 entries#GALL
- (historicalCategory:Irish terms with historical senses#GALL) Gaul (person from Gaul)
- (historicalCategory:Irish terms with historical senses#GALL) Northman, Dane (member of the Germanic tribe inhabiting the Danish islands and parts of southern Sweden)
- (historicalCategory:Irish terms with historical senses#GALL) Norman (member of the mixed Scandinavian and French peoples who, in the 11th century, were a major military power in Western Europe and who conquered the English in 1066), Anglo-Norman (descendant of the Normans who settled in England after the Norman Conquest), Englishman
- Synonym: Normannach
- (by extension) Brit
- Synonyms: Briotanach, Sasanach
Declension
Derived terms
- Dún na nGall (“Donegal”)
- Fine Gall (“Fingal”)
- Gall- (“Anglo-”)
- Gall-Ghael m (“person of mixed Irish and foreign descent”)
- Gall-Rómhánach (“Gallo-Roman”)
- Inse Ghall (“the Hebrides”)
- Nua-Ghall m (“later Anglo-Norman or English settler”)
- Sean-Ghall m (“older Anglo-Norman or English settler”)
Related terms
Mutation
| radical | lenition | eclipsis |
|---|---|---|
| Gall | Ghall | nGall |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
- ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 120
- ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 206, page 79
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “Gall”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “Gall”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
- “Gall”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026
Old Irish
Etymology
From LatinCategory:Old Irish terms derived from Latin#GALL Gallus (“a Gaul”), probably from the root of Proto-CelticCategory:Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic#GALL *galnati (“to be able”).
Pronunciation
Noun
Gall m (genitive Gaill, nominative plural Gaill)Category:Old Irish lemmas#GALLCategory:Old Irish nouns#GALLCategory:Old Irish entries with incorrect language header#GALLCategory:Old Irish masculine nouns#GALLCategory:Pages with entries#GALLCategory:Pages with 6 entries#GALL
- Gaul (person from Gaul)
Usage notes
The only meaning attested in Old Irish is “person from Gaul”. In later stages of Irish, it came to be applied to anyone who was not of indigenous Gaelic ancestry, e.g. Norse people, Anglo-Normans, English people etc. and (normalized as lower-case gall) as a common noun meaning simply “foreigner”.
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | Gall | GallL | GaillL |
| vocative | Gaill | GallL | GalluH |
| accusative | GallN | GallL | GalluH |
| genitive | GaillL | Gall | GallN |
| dative | GallL | Gallaib | Gallaib |
- H = triggers aspiration
- L = triggers lenition
- N = triggers nasalization
Descendants
Mutation
Further reading
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “25308”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Scottish Gaelic
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old IrishCategory:Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish#GALLCategory:Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish#GALL Gall (“a Gaul”), from LatinCategory:Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Latin#GALL Gallus (“a Gaul”), from a native CelticCategory:Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Celtic languages#GALL name, the Gauls being the first strangers to visit or be visited by the Irish in Pre-Roman and Roman times. Compare Proto-Celtic *gallos (whence Welsh gal (“enemy, foe”)).
Pronunciation
Noun
Gall m (genitive singular Goill, plural Goill)Category:Scottish Gaelic lemmas#GALLCategory:Scottish Gaelic nouns#GALLCategory:Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header#GALLCategory:Scottish Gaelic masculine nouns#GALLCategory:Pages with entries#GALLCategory:Pages with 6 entries#GALLCategory:gd-noun 2
Derived terms
- Beurla Ghallta (“Scots”)
- Gallta (“alien, foreign; Lowland”, adjective)