average
English

Etymology 1
Not entirely certain.Category:English terms with unknown etymologies#AVERAGE The oldest meaning in English is “customs duty”. Borrowed from Middle FrenchCategory:English terms borrowed from Middle French#AVERAGECategory:English terms derived from Middle French#AVERAGE avarie (“damage to ship or cargo”), from Old FrenchCategory:English terms derived from Old French#AVERAGE avarie, from Old ItalianCategory:English terms derived from Old Italian#AVERAGE avaria where it is first attested in the 12th century in the context of Mediterranean trade. From there most sources trace it to ArabicCategory:English terms derived from Arabic#AVERAGE عَوَارِيَّة (ʕawāriyya, “damaged goods”), from عَوَار (ʕawār, “fault, blemish, defect, flaw”), from عَوِرَ (ʕawira, “to lose an eye”),[1][2] but the OED gives it a Romance derivation from ItalianCategory:English terms derived from Italian#AVERAGE avere (“property, goods”) or the like.[3]
The English suffix -age was added in analogy to words like damage.
Category:English terms derived from Arabic#AVERAGECategory:English terms derived from the Arabic root ع و ر#AVERAGEPronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation, General Australian) enPR: ăvʹ(ə)rĭj IPA(key): /ˈæv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/Category:English 3-syllable words#AVERAGECategory:English terms with IPA pronunciation#AVERAGE
- (General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈæv.ɚ.ɪd͡ʒ/, /ˈæv.ɹɪd͡ʒ/Category:English 3-syllable words#AVERAGECategory:English 2-syllable words#AVERAGECategory:English terms with IPA pronunciation#AVERAGE
Category:English terms with audio pronunciation#AVERAGEAudio (US): (file) - Hyphenation: av‧er‧age
Noun
average (plural averages)Category:English lemmas#AVERAGECategory:English nouns#AVERAGECategory:English countable nouns#AVERAGECategory:English entries with incorrect language header#AVERAGECategory:Pages with entries#AVERAGECategory:Pages with 3 entries#AVERAGE
- (statisticsCategory:en:Statistics#AVERAGE) Any measure of central tendency, especially any mean, the median, or the mode. [from c. 1735]
- Hyponyms: mean (broad sense), median, mode; mean (narrow sense), arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, quadratic mean, weighted mean
- You need to show some averages in an executive summary, show some samples of raw data in the document body, and move the full raw data to an appendix.Category:English terms with usage examples#AVERAGE
- 1955 June, 'Mercury', “Over 200 Miles Per Hour”, in Railway Magazine, page 380:
- In conclusion, it may savour of anticlimax to mention that from May 22 the famous "Sud Express," over the same route, has been covering the 359.7 miles from Paris Austerlitz to Bordeaux in 4 hr. 59 min. daily, at a start-to-stop average of 72.2 m.p.h., and that the northbound train has been taking 5 hr. 7 min. for an average of 70.3.Category:English terms with quotations#AVERAGE
- (mathematicsCategory:en:Mathematics#AVERAGE) The arithmetic mean.
- Synonym: mean (narrow sense)
- Hypernym: mean (broad sense)
- Coordinate terms: geometric mean, harmonic mean, quadratic mean, weighted mean; median; mode
- The average of 10, 20 and 24 is (10 + 20 + 24)/3 = 18.Category:English terms with usage examples#AVERAGE
- 2013 June 1, “Towards the end of poverty”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, archived from the original on 5 September 2024, page 11:
- But poverty’s scourge is fiercest below $1.25 (the average of the 15 poorest countries’ own poverty lines, measured in 2005 dollars and adjusted for differences in purchasing power): people below that level live lives that are poor, nasty, brutish and short.Category:English terms with quotations#AVERAGE
- (lawCategory:en:Law#AVERAGE, nauticalCategory:en:Nautical#AVERAGE) A financial loss due to damage to transported goods; compensation for damage or loss. [from 17th c.]
- 2008, Filiberto Agusti, Beverley Earle, Richard Schaffer, Filiberto Agusti, Beverley Earle, International Business Law and Its Environment, page 219:
- Historically, the courts have allowed a general average claim only where the loss occurred as a result of the ship being in immediate peril. […] The court awarded the carrier the general average claim. It noted that “a ship′s master should not be discouraged from taking timely action to avert a disaster,” and need not be in actual peril to claim general average.Category:English terms with quotations#AVERAGE
- (datedCategory:English dated terms#AVERAGE) Proportional or equitable distribution of financial expense. [from 16th c.]
- (obsoleteCategory:English terms with obsolete senses#AVERAGE) Customs duty or similar charge payable on transported goods. [from 15th c.]
- (sportsCategory:en:Sports#AVERAGE) An indication of a player's ability calculated from his scoring record, etc.
- batting averageCategory:English terms with collocations#AVERAGE
Usage notes
- (mathematics, statistics): The term average may refer to the statistical mean, median or mode of a batch, sample, or distribution, or sometimes any other measure of central tendency. Statisticians and responsible news sources are careful to use whichever of these specific terms is appropriate. In common usage, average refers to the arithmetic mean. It is, however, a common rhetorical trick to call the most favorable of mean, median and mode the "average" depending on the interpretation of a set of figures that the speaker or writer wants to promote.
Coordinate terms
- (measure of central tendency): arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, mean, median, mode
Derived terms
- above average
- arithmetic average
- average atomic mass
- average Jane
- averager
- batting average
- below average
- bowling average
- deaverage
- earned run average
- general average
- goal average
- grade point average
- gyroaverage
- height above average terrain
- law of averages
- moving average
- national average
- on average
- particular average
- rolling average
- slugging average
- space average
- subaverage
- time average
- time-average
- time-average equation
- weighted average
- weighted-average cost of capital
- z-average
Translations
Adjective
average (comparative more average, superlative most average)Category:English lemmas#AVERAGECategory:English adjectives#AVERAGECategory:English entries with incorrect language header#AVERAGECategory:Pages with entries#AVERAGECategory:Pages with 3 entries#AVERAGE
- (not comparable) Constituting or relating to the average.
- Synonyms: av., ave., avg., expectation (colloquial), mean
- The average age of the participants was 18.5.Category:English terms with usage examples#AVERAGE
- Neither very good nor very bad; rated somewhere in the middle of all others in the same category.
- Synonyms: comme ci comme ça, mediocre, medium, middling, unremarkable, so-so; see also Thesaurus:mediocre
- Antonym: extraordinary
- I soon found I was only an average chess player.Category:English terms with usage examples#AVERAGE
- Typical.
- Synonyms: conventional, normal, regular, standard, typical, usual, bog-standard (slang); see also Thesaurus:common, Thesaurus:normal
- The average family will not need the more expensive features of this product.Category:English terms with usage examples#AVERAGE
- 2002, Andy Turnbull, The Synthetic Beast: When Corporations Come to Life, page 12:
- We tend to think that exceptionally attractive men and women are outstanding but the fact is that they are more average than most.Category:English terms with quotations#AVERAGE
- 2004, Deirdre V. Lovecky, Different Minds: Gifted Children with AD/HD, Asperger Syndrome, and Other Learning Deficits, page 75:
- Things that never would occur to more average children, with and without AD/HD, will give these children nightmares.Category:English terms with quotations#AVERAGE
- 2009, Susan T. Fiske, Social Beings: Core Motives in Social Psychology, page 73:
- In other words, highly attractive people like highly attractive communicators and more average people like more average communicators.Category:English terms with quotations#AVERAGE
- (informalCategory:English informal terms#AVERAGE) Not outstanding, not good, banal; bad or poor.
- Synonyms: ordinary, unexceptional; see also Thesaurus:bad
- 2002, Andy Slaven, Video Game Bible, 1985-2002, page 228:
- The graphics, sound, and most everything else are all very average. However, the main thing that brings this game down are the controls - they feel very clumsy and awkward at times.Category:English terms with quotations#AVERAGE
- 2005, Brad Knight, Laci Peterson: The Whole Story: Laci, Scott, and Amber's Deadly Love Triangle, page 308:
- But what the vast majority of the populace doesn′t realise is the fact that he′s only on TV because he became famous from one case, Winona Ryder's, which, by the way, he lost because he′s only a very average attorney.Category:English terms with quotations#AVERAGE
- 2009, Carn Tiernan, On the Back of the Other Side, page 62:
- In the piano stool there was a stack of music, mostly sentimental ballads intended to be sung by people with very average voices accompanied by not very competent pianists.Category:English terms with quotations#AVERAGE
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
average (third-person singular simple present averages, present participle averaging, simple past and past participle averaged)Category:English lemmas#AVERAGECategory:English verbs#AVERAGECategory:English entries with incorrect language header#AVERAGECategory:Pages with entries#AVERAGECategory:Pages with 3 entries#AVERAGE
- (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#AVERAGE) To compute the average of, especially the arithmetic mean.
- If you average 10, 20 and 24, you get 18.Category:English terms with usage examples#AVERAGE
- (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#AVERAGE) Over a period of time or across members of a population, to have or generate a mean value of.
- The daily high temperature last month averaged 15°C.Category:English terms with usage examples#AVERAGE
- I averaged 75% in my examinations this year.Category:English terms with usage examples#AVERAGE
- 1961 November, “Talking of Trains: The roller-bearing A1s”, in Trains Illustrated, page 643:
- The five roller-bearing A1s are now averaging 120,000 miles between shopping; this figure is an improvement of about 50 per cent on the norm of other ex-L.N.E. Pacific types.Category:English terms with quotations#AVERAGE
- 2023 April 5, Thomas Schlacher, “Joel Embiid vs. Nikola Jokić vs. Giannis Antetokounmpo: What’s the latest in the race to become the NBA MVP?”, in CNN:
- This comes after the center topped the charts last year, becoming the first player at the position since four-time NBA champion Shaquille O’Neal to win the scoring title and the first center to average over 30 PPG in 40 years – Embiid averaged 30.6.Category:English terms with quotations#AVERAGE
- (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#AVERAGE) To divide among a number, according to a given proportion.
- to average a lossCategory:English terms with collocations#AVERAGE
- (intransitiveCategory:English intransitive verbs#AVERAGE) To be, generally or on average.
- 1872, Elliott Coues, Key to North American Birds:
- Gulls average much larger than terns, with stouter build […]Category:English terms with quotations#AVERAGE
Derived terms
Translations
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Etymology 2
From Middle EnglishCategory:English terms inherited from Middle English#AVERAGECategory:English terms derived from Middle English#AVERAGE average, from Medieval LatinCategory:English terms derived from Medieval Latin#AVERAGE averagium, from aver (“horse or other beast of burden, service required from the same”) from Old EnglishCategory:English terms inherited from Old English#AVERAGECategory:English terms derived from Old English#AVERAGE eafor (“obligation to carry goods and convey messages for one's lord”) from aferian (“to remove, take away”); + -age.
Noun
average (plural averages)Category:English lemmas#AVERAGECategory:English nouns#AVERAGECategory:English countable nouns#AVERAGECategory:English entries with incorrect language header#AVERAGECategory:Pages with entries#AVERAGECategory:Pages with 3 entries#AVERAGE
- (UKCategory:British English#AVERAGE, lawCategory:en:Law#AVERAGE, obsoleteCategory:English terms with obsolete senses#AVERAGE) The service that a tenant owed his lord, to be done by the animals of the tenant, such as the transportation of wheat, turf, etc.
Translations
References
- ↑ John Ayto (2005), “average”, in Word Origins, 2nd edition, London: A & C Black, published 1990, →ISBN, page 43
- ↑ Onions, C[harles] T., Friedrichsen, G. W. S., and Burchfield, R[obert] W., editors (1966), “average”, in The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 64, column 2; reprinted 1994.
- ↑ “average, n2.”, in OED Online
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
German
Etymology
Borrowed from EnglishCategory:German terms borrowed from English#AVERAGECategory:German terms derived from English#AVERAGE average. Doublet of HavarieCategory:German doublets#AVERAGE.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈævəɹɪd͡ʒ], [ˈɛvəʁɪtʃ]Category:German terms with IPA pronunciation#AVERAGE
- Hyphenation: ave‧rage
Category:German terms with audio pronunciation#AVERAGEAudio (Germany (Berlin)): (file)
Adjective
average (indeclinable)Category:German lemmas#AVERAGECategory:German adjectives#AVERAGECategory:German uncomparable adjectives#AVERAGECategory:German entries with incorrect language header#AVERAGECategory:Pages with entries#AVERAGECategory:Pages with 3 entries#AVERAGE
Further reading
Middle French
Etymology
The Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch derives the word from Old FrenchCategory:Middle French terms derived from Old French#AVERAGE aver + -age, where aver means "cattle" and is cognate to English aver (“work-horse, working ox, or other beast of burden”).[1] The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (1993) compares it to Medieval LatinCategory:Middle French terms borrowed from Medieval Latin#AVERAGECategory:Middle French terms derived from Medieval Latin#AVERAGE averagium, from averia (“beast of burden”) (which the Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch in turn links to habeō (“to have”)).
Noun
average m (plural averages)Category:Middle French lemmas#AVERAGECategory:Middle French nouns#AVERAGECategory:Middle French entries with incorrect language header#AVERAGECategory:Middle French masculine nouns#AVERAGECategory:Pages with entries#AVERAGECategory:Pages with 3 entries#AVERAGECategory:Middle French countable nouns#AVERAGE
- average (service that a tenant owed his lord, to be done by the animals of the tenant, such as the transportation of wheat, turf, etc.)
References
- average on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)
- Frédéric Godefroy (1880–1902), “average”, in Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle […], Paris: F[riedrich] Vieweg; Émile Bouillon, →OCLC.
- ↑ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “habere”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 4: G H I, page 363
