jpn
Translingual
Etymology
Abbreviation of EnglishCategory:Translingual terms derived from English#JPN JapaneseCategory:Translingual abbreviations#JPN.
Symbol
jpnCategory:Translingual lemmas#JPNCategory:Translingual symbols#JPNCategory:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#JPNCategory:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#JPNCategory:Pages with entries#JPNCategory:Pages with 2 entries#JPN
See also
Egyptian
Etymology
Plural form of pn.
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /ipɛn/Category:Egyptian terms with IPA pronunciation#
- Conventional anglicization: ipen
Determiner
|
m pl proximal demonstrative determiner
Category:Egyptian demonstrative determiners#Usage notes
This demonstrative was originally a determiner but could later be used alone, like a pronoun. When used as a determiner, it follows the noun it describes.
In Old Egyptian it forms a contrastive pair with the demonstrative jpf, in which jpn is proximal.
Its use in Middle Egyptian texts is an archaism.
In Old Egyptian this form is also used for the dual. Traditionally this is interpreted as a summary writing of a special dual form *jpnj. An alternative possible interpretation is that there simply was no distinction between the masculine dual and plural demonstrative determiners.
Inflection
| determiners | pronouns1 | adverbs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | unmarked | |||||
| masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
| proximal to speaker | pn |
tn |
*jpnj |
jptnj, jptntj |
jpn |
jptn |
nn |
— |
| distal | pf |
tf |
*jpfj |
*jptfj, *jptftj |
jpf |
jptf |
nf |
— |
| proximal to spoken of | pj, pw, p |
tj, tw |
jpwj |
jptwj, jptwtj |
jpw |
jptw, jptwt |
nw |
— |
| vocative | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
— |
— |
— |
— |
nꜣ |
ꜥꜣ |
1 Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
| determiners and pronouns | adverbs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural1 | |||
| masculine | feminine | |||
| proximal | pn |
tn |
nn |
ꜥn |
| distal | pf, pfꜣ |
tf, tfꜣ |
nf, nfꜣ |
ꜥf |
| ‘copula’ and vocative | pw, pwy |
tw, twy |
nw |
— |
| anaphoric | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
nꜣ |
ꜥꜣ |
1 Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.
| masculine | feminine | plural | adverb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pronoun | pꜣw |
dj | |||
| determiners and pronouns | pꜣj |
tꜣj |
nꜣj | ||
| possessive determiners1 | pꜣy |
tꜣy |
nꜣy | ||
| relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) | p-n, pꜣ |
t-nt, tꜣ |
nꜣyw, nꜣ | ||
| definite articles | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
nꜣ2 | ||
| indefinite articles | wꜥ2 |
nhꜣy2 | |||
1 Used with suffix pronouns.
2 Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.
Alternative forms
Descendants
- Old Coptic: ⲉⲓⲡⲛ (eipn)
References
- “jpn (lemma ID 24430)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926), Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 69.13
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962), A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 17
- James P[eter] Allen (2010), Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 55.
- Edel, Elmar (1955-1964), Altägyptische Grammatik, volume 1, Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, § 182 et seq., page 83 et seq.
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1929), The Plural and Dual in Old Egyptian, Bruxelles: Fondation Egyptologique Reine Elisabeth, § 59, pages 60–61
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995), Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN