maintain

English

Etymology

Category:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#MAINTAINCategory:English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ten-#MAINTAIN

From Middle EnglishCategory:English terms inherited from Middle English#MAINTAINCategory:English terms derived from Middle English#MAINTAIN mayntenen, from Old FrenchCategory:English terms derived from Old French#MAINTAIN maintenir, from Late LatinCategory:English terms derived from Late Latin#MAINTAIN manūteneō, manūtenēre (I support), from LatinCategory:English terms derived from Latin#MAINTAIN manū (with/in/by the hand, ablative of manus) + tenēre (to hold).

Pronunciation

Verb

maintain (third-person singular simple present maintains, present participle maintaining, simple past and past participle maintained)Category:English lemmas#MAINTAINCategory:English verbs#MAINTAINCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#MAINTAINCategory:Pages with entries#MAINTAINCategory:Pages with 1 entry#MAINTAIN

  1. To keep up; to preserve; to uphold (a state, condition etc.). [from 14th c.]
    It’s important to maintain good posture while sitting.Category:English terms with usage examples#MAINTAIN
    She struggled to maintain her composure under pressure.Category:English terms with usage examples#MAINTAIN
  2. To declare or affirm (a clause) to be true; to assert. [from 15th c.]
    • 1962 December, “A new Pullman era?”, in Modern Railways, page 362:
      Pullman traditionalists will no doubt maintain that the full-service-at-every-seat principle is popular with their clientele; [...].
      Category:English terms with quotations#MAINTAIN
    • 2012 April 19, Josh Halliday, “Free speech haven or lawless cesspool – can the internet be civilised?”, in the Guardian:
      She maintains that the internet should face similar curbs to TV because young people are increasingly living online. "It's totally different, someone at Google watching the video from the comfort of their office in San Francisco to someone from a council house in London, where this video is happening right outside their front door."
      Category:English terms with quotations#MAINTAIN
    • 2026 March 18, Peter Plisner, “Will devolution deliver real local control?”, in RAIL, number 1057, page 47:
      Rail Minister Lord Hendy was quizzed by the same MPs at an earlier hearing. He maintained that the Bill gave Mayors "much enhanced power" and preserved the existing processes by which rail services can be devolved. "The intention, more widely, is to work collaboratively with all devolved leaders to meet local needs," he said. "It has to be tempered by the reality, which is that the railway network is not generally consistent with mayoral boundaries. [] ".
      Category:English terms with quotations#MAINTAIN
  3. To keep in good condition and working order.
    • 1946 July and August, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 213:
      The admirable smoothness of the riding also reflected the greatest credit on those who, despite the difficulties caused by the shortage of men and materials, have succeeded in maintaining the track in such first-class order.
      Category:English terms with quotations#MAINTAIN
  4. (obsoleteCategory:English terms with obsolete senses#MAINTAIN, transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#MAINTAIN) To support (someone), to back up or assist (someone) in an action. [14th–19th c.]
    • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “j”, in Le Morte Darthur, book XV:
      And thenne he asked leue & wente oute of his heremytage for to mayntene his neuewe ageynst the myghty Erle and so hit happed that this man that lyeth here dede dyd so moche by his wysedome and hardynes that the Erle was take and thre of his lordes by force of this dede man.
      "And then he asked leave, and went out of his hermitage for to maintain his nephew against the mighty earl; and so it happed that this man that lieth here dead did so much by his wisdom and hardiness that the earl was taken, and three of his lords, by force of this dead man."
      Category:Middle English terms with quotations#MAINTAIN
    • 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “The Author Gives Some Account of Himself and Family, His First Inducements to Travel. []”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. [] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: [] Benj[amin] Motte, [], →OCLC, part I (A Voyage to Lilliput), page 2:
      When I left Mr. Bates, I went down to my Father; where, by the Aſſiſtance of him and my Uncle John, and ſome other Relations, I got forty Pounds, and a Promiſe of thirty Pounds a year to maintain me at Leyden: there I ſtudied Phyſick two years and ſeven months, knowing it would be uſeful in long Voyages.
      Category:English terms with quotations#MAINTAIN
  5. (African-American VernacularCategory:African-American Vernacular English#MAINTAIN, slangCategory:English slang#MAINTAIN, intransitiveCategory:English intransitive verbs#MAINTAIN) To keep composed; to keep one's head up; to stay confident, strong, self-assured; to avoid being a victim; to keep oneself from falling apart.
    No matter what, you gotta maintain.

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of to keep up): abandon

Derived terms

Translations

Anagrams

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