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parenthesis

A clause, phrase or word which is inserted (usually for explanation or amplification) into a passage which is already grammatically complete, and usually marked off with brackets, commas or dashes.
Synonym: (academic usage) parentheme
- 1903, Karl Mantzius, A History of Theatrical Art in Ancient and Modern Times, page 86:
  How expressive this little parenthesis: "Sakuntalâ makes a chiding gesture with her finger"!
  Category:English terms with quotations#PARENTHESIS
Either of a pair of brackets, especially (mainly US) round brackets, ( and ) (used to enclose parenthetical material in a text).
- 1824, John Johnson, Typographia, Or the Printer's Instructor, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green:
  There be five manner of points and divisions most used among cunning men; the which if they be well used, make the sentence very light and easy to be understood, both to the reader and hearer: and they be these, virgil,—come,—parenthesis,—plain point,—interrogative […] it is a slender stroke leaning forward, betokening a little short rest, without any perfectness yet of sentence.
  Category:English terms with quotations#PARENTHESIS
- 1842, F. Francillon, An Essay on Punctuation‎, page 9:
  Whoever introduced the several points, it seems that a full-point, a point called come, answering to our colon-point, a point called virgil answering to our comma-point, the parenthesis-points and interrogative-point, were used at the close of the fourteenth, or beginning of the fifteenth century.
  Category:English terms with quotations#PARENTHESIS
- 2018, James Lambert, “Anglo-Indian slang in dictionaries on historical principles”, in World Englishes, volume 37, page 255:
  [T]he present research also made an effort to approach a greater accuracy in presenting the original sources of borrowed words. This was achieved by presenting etymons from Hindustani in the Devanagari script followed by a transliteration in the Roman alphabet in parentheses.
  Category:English terms with quotations#PARENTHESIS
(rhetoric Category:en:Rhetoric#PARENTHESIS) A digression; the use of such digressions.
- 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XV, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 113:
  Mr. Trevanion was one of those talkers, who are too much engrossed with their own subject matter to have much attention to bestow elsewhere; with them silence is attention. Ethel's wandering eye, and lip, tremulous with its effort to speak, would never have attracted his notice. To his utter astonishment, she interrupted a parenthesis, as brilliant as the rocket which it depicted, by saying,—
  "Mr. Trevanion, I do not know what you will think of my boldness, but I must speak to you."
  Category:English terms with quotations#PARENTHESIS
- 2009, Jason Reitman, Sheldon Turner, Up in the Air:
  Ryan Bingham (George Clooney): I thought I was a part of your life.
  Alex Goran (Vera Farmiga): I thought we signed up for the same thing […] I thought our relationship was perfectly clear. You are an escape. You're a break from our normal lives. You're a parenthesis.
  Ryan Bingham (George Clooney): I'm a parenthesis?
  Category:English terms with quotations#PARENTHESIS
(mathematics Category:en:Mathematics#PARENTHESIS, logic Category:en:Logic#PARENTHESIS) Such brackets as used to clarify expressions by grouping those terms affected by a common operator, or to enclose the components of a vector or the elements of a matrix.

Synonyms

(parathesis, apposition): (can be a) parenthetical expression
(brackets): round bracket; parenthesis-point (obsolete)
paren (abbreviation, for the meaning "round bracket")
See also Thesaurus:bracket

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

a clause, phrase or word inserted into a passage which is already grammatically complete

Category:Entries with translation boxes#PARENTHESIS

Arabic: حشو (ḥašw)Category:Terms with Arabic translations#PARENTHESIS
Armenian: (word) միջանկյալ բառ (miǰankyal baṙ)Category:Terms with Armenian translations#PARENTHESIS, (clause) միջանկյալ նախադասություն (hy) (miǰankyal naxadasutʻyun)Category:Terms with Armenian translations#PARENTHESIS
Bulgarian: вмъ́кната ду́ма f (vmǎ́knata dúma)Category:Terms with Bulgarian translations#PARENTHESIS
Catalan: parèntesi (ca) mCategory:Terms with Catalan translations#PARENTHESIS
Czech: vsuvka fCategory:Terms with Czech translations#PARENTHESIS
Dutch: parenthese (nl)Category:Terms with Dutch translations#PARENTHESIS
Finnish: parenteesi (fi)Category:Terms with Finnish translations#PARENTHESIS
French: parenthèse (fr) fCategory:Terms with French translations#PARENTHESIS
Galician: paréntese (gl) fCategory:Terms with Galician translations#PARENTHESIS
German: Parenthese (de) fCategory:Terms with German translations#PARENTHESIS, Einschub (de) mCategory:Terms with German translations#PARENTHESIS
Greek: παρένθεση (el) f (parénthesi)Category:Terms with Greek translations#PARENTHESIS
Ancient Greek: παρένθεσις f (parénthesis)Category:Terms with Ancient Greek translations#PARENTHESIS
Hungarian: közbevetés (hu)Category:Terms with Hungarian translations#PARENTHESIS
Irish: idiraisnéis fCategory:Terms with Irish translations#PARENTHESIS
Latvian: iespraudumsCategory:Terms with Latvian translations#PARENTHESIS
Portuguese: parêntese (pt) mCategory:Terms with Portuguese translations#PARENTHESIS
Romanian: paranteză (ro) fCategory:Terms with Romanian translations#PARENTHESIS
Russian: вво́дное сло́во (ru) n (vvódnoje slóvo)Category:Terms with Russian translations#PARENTHESIS
Scottish Gaelic: eadar-aisneis fCategory:Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations#PARENTHESIS, eadar-ràdh mCategory:Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations#PARENTHESIS
Spanish: paréntesis mCategory:Terms with Spanish translations#PARENTHESIS
Swedish: parentes (sv) cCategory:Terms with Swedish translations#PARENTHESIS
Tagalog: panaklongCategory:Terms with Tagalog translations#PARENTHESIS

(Rhetoric) a digression; the use of such digressions

either of a pair of brackets ( )

Category:Entries with translation boxes#PARENTHESIS

Albanian: kllapë (sq) fCategory:Terms with Albanian translations#PARENTHESIS
Arabic: قَوْس (ar) m (qaws)Category:Terms with Arabic translations#PARENTHESIS (plural: أَقْوَاس m pl (ʔaqwās)Category:Terms with Arabic translations#PARENTHESIS, قَوْسَانِ m du (qawsāni)Category:Terms with Arabic translations#PARENTHESIS (two)
Armenian: փակագիծ (hy) (pʻakagic)Category:Terms with Armenian translations#PARENTHESIS
Azerbaijani: mötərizə (az)Category:Terms with Azerbaijani translations#PARENTHESIS
Bashkir: йәйә (yəyə)Category:Terms with Bashkir translations#PARENTHESIS
Belarusian: ду́жка f (dúžka)Category:Terms with Belarusian translations#PARENTHESIS, ско́бка f (skóbka)Category:Terms with Belarusian translations#PARENTHESIS
Bulgarian: ско́ба (bg) f (skóba)Category:Terms with Bulgarian translations#PARENTHESIS, ско́бка f (skóbka)Category:Terms with Bulgarian translations#PARENTHESIS
Burmese: လက်သည်းကွင်း (my) (laksany:kwang:)Category:Terms with Burmese translations#PARENTHESIS
Catalan: parèntesi (ca) mCategory:Terms with Catalan translations#PARENTHESIS
Chinese:
Mandarin: 圓括號 / 圆括号 (zh) (yuánkuòhào)Category:Terms with Mandarin translations#PARENTHESIS, 插入語 / 插入语 (zh) (chārùyǔ)Category:Terms with Mandarin translations#PARENTHESIS, 括弧 (zh) (kuòhú)Category:Terms with Mandarin translations#PARENTHESIS
Cornish: krommvagh fCategory:Terms with Cornish translations#PARENTHESIS
Czech: závorka (cs) fCategory:Terms with Czech translations#PARENTHESIS
Danish: parentes (da) cCategory:Terms with Danish translations#PARENTHESIS
Dutch: haakje (nl) nCategory:Terms with Dutch translations#PARENTHESIS
Esperanto: parentezo (eo)Category:Terms with Esperanto translations#PARENTHESIS
Estonian: kiil (et)Category:Terms with Estonian translations#PARENTHESIS, kiillauseCategory:Terms with Estonian translations#PARENTHESIS
Finnish: sulkumerkki (fi)Category:Terms with Finnish translations#PARENTHESIS, sulje (fi)Category:Terms with Finnish translations#PARENTHESIS, sulku (fi)Category:Terms with Finnish translations#PARENTHESIS
French: parenthèse (fr) fCategory:Terms with French translations#PARENTHESIS
Galician: paréntese (gl) fCategory:Terms with Galician translations#PARENTHESIS
Georgian: ფრჩხილი (ka) (prčxili)Category:Terms with Georgian translations#PARENTHESIS, მრგვალი ფრჩხილები (mrgvali prčxilebi)Category:Terms with Georgian translations#PARENTHESIS
German: runde Klammer fCategory:Terms with German translations#PARENTHESIS, Klammer (de) fCategory:Terms with German translations#PARENTHESIS, Parenthese (de) fCategory:Terms with German translations#PARENTHESIS
Greek: παρένθεση (el) f (parénthesi)Category:Terms with Greek translations#PARENTHESIS
Hebrew: סוֹגֵר m (sogér)Category:Terms with Hebrew translations#PARENTHESIS
Hindi: कोष्ठक (hi) (koṣṭhak)Category:Terms with Hindi translations#PARENTHESIS
Hungarian: zárójel (hu)Category:Terms with Hungarian translations#PARENTHESIS
Icelandic: svigi (is) mCategory:Terms with Icelandic translations#PARENTHESIS
Irish: lúibín (ga) mCategory:Terms with Irish translations#PARENTHESIS
Italian: parentesi (it) fCategory:Terms with Italian translations#PARENTHESIS
Japanese: 括弧 (ja) (かっこ, kakko)Category:Terms with Japanese translations#PARENTHESIS
Kazakh: жақша (jaqşa)Category:Terms with Kazakh translations#PARENTHESIS
Khmer: វង់ក្រចក (km) (vŭəng krɑcɑɑk)Category:Terms with Khmer translations#PARENTHESIS
Korean: 괄호(括弧) (ko) (gwalho)Category:Terms with Korean translations#PARENTHESIS
Kumyk: жая (jaya)Category:Kumyk terms with redundant transliterations#PARENTHESIS Category:Terms with Kumyk translations#PARENTHESIS
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: kevan (ku)Category:Terms with Northern Kurdish translations#PARENTHESIS
Kyrgyz: кашаа (kaşaa)Category:Terms with Kyrgyz translations#PARENTHESIS
Lao: ນະຂາລິຂິດ (na khā li khit)Category:Terms with Lao translations#PARENTHESIS, ວົງເລັບ (wong lep)Category:Terms with Lao translations#PARENTHESIS
Latin: unca fCategory:Terms with Latin translations#PARENTHESIS
Latvian: iekavas f plCategory:Terms with Latvian translations#PARENTHESIS, apaļās iekavas f plCategory:Terms with Latvian translations#PARENTHESIS
Lithuanian: skliaustai m plCategory:Terms with Lithuanian translations#PARENTHESIS, skliausteliai m plCategory:Terms with Lithuanian translations#PARENTHESIS
Luxembourgish: Klamer fCategory:Terms with Luxembourgish translations#PARENTHESIS
Macedonian: заграда f (zagrada)Category:Terms with Macedonian translations#PARENTHESIS
Malay: tanda kurung (ms)Category:Terms with Malay translations#PARENTHESIS, kurung (ms)Category:Terms with Malay translations#PARENTHESIS
Malayalam: വലയം (ml) (valayaṁ)Category:Terms with Malayalam translations#PARENTHESIS
Māori: taiepaCategory:Terms with Māori translations#PARENTHESIS (when preceded by singular 'te'), taiepa pewaCategory:Terms with Māori translations#PARENTHESIS
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: хаалт (mn) (xaalt)Category:Terms with Mongolian translations#PARENTHESIS
Norwegian:
Bokmål: parentes mCategory:Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations#PARENTHESIS
Pashto: قوس (ps) m (qaws)Category:Terms with Pashto translations#PARENTHESIS
Persian: پَرانتِز (fa) (parântez)Category:Terms with Persian translations#PARENTHESIS, قُلّاب (fa) (qollâb)Category:Terms with Persian translations#PARENTHESIS, قَوس (fa) (qaws)Category:Terms with Persian translations#PARENTHESIS (Dari), کمانویسهCategory:Terms with Persian translations#PARENTHESIS
Polish: nawias (pl) mCategory:Terms with Polish translations#PARENTHESIS
Portuguese: parêntese (pt) mCategory:Terms with Portuguese translations#PARENTHESIS
Romanian: paranteză (ro) fCategory:Terms with Romanian translations#PARENTHESIS
Russian: ско́бка (ru) f (skóbka)Category:Terms with Russian translations#PARENTHESIS, кру́глая ско́бка f (krúglaja skóbka)Category:Terms with Russian translations#PARENTHESIS
Sanskrit: आवरण (sa) n (āvaraṇa)Category:Terms with Sanskrit translations#PARENTHESIS, कोष्ठक (sa) m (koṣṭhaka)Category:Terms with Sanskrit translations#PARENTHESIS
Scottish Gaelic: camag fCategory:Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations#PARENTHESIS
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: за̑града fCategory:Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations#PARENTHESIS

Latin: zȃgrada (sh) fCategory:Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations#PARENTHESIS
Slovak: zátvorka fCategory:Terms with Slovak translations#PARENTHESIS
Slovene: oklepáj (sl) mCategory:Terms with Slovene translations#PARENTHESIS
Spanish: paréntesis (es) mCategory:Terms with Spanish translations#PARENTHESIS
Swedish: parentes (sv) cCategory:Terms with Swedish translations#PARENTHESIS
Tajik: қавс (qavs)Category:Terms with Tajik translations#PARENTHESIS, қавсайн (qavsayn)Category:Terms with Tajik translations#PARENTHESIS (two)
Tamil: அடைப்புக்குறி (aṭaippukkuṟi)Category:Terms with Tamil translations#PARENTHESIS
Tatar: җәя (tt) (cäyä)Category:Terms with Tatar translations#PARENTHESIS
Thai: นขลิขิต (th) (ná-kà-lí-kìt)Category:Terms with Thai translations#PARENTHESIS, ความแทรก (kwaam-sɛ̂ɛk)Category:Terms with Thai translations#PARENTHESIS
Turkish: parantez (tr)Category:Terms with Turkish translations#PARENTHESIS, ayraç (tr)Category:Terms with Turkish translations#PARENTHESIS
Turkmen: ýaýCategory:Terms with Turkmen translations#PARENTHESIS
Ukrainian: ду́жка f (dúžka)Category:Terms with Ukrainian translations#PARENTHESIS
Urdu: قَوس (qaus)Category:Urdu terms with redundant transliterations#PARENTHESIS Category:Terms with Urdu translations#PARENTHESIS
Uyghur: تىرناق (tirnaq)Category:Terms with Uyghur translations#PARENTHESIS
Uzbek: qavs (uz)Category:Terms with Uzbek translations#PARENTHESIS, skobkaCategory:Terms with Uzbek translations#PARENTHESIS
Vietnamese: ngoặc (vi)Category:Terms with Vietnamese translations#PARENTHESIS, ngoặc đơn (vi)Category:Terms with Vietnamese translations#PARENTHESIS
Welsh: cromfach fCategory:Terms with Welsh translations#PARENTHESIS
Yiddish: קלאַמער (klamer)Category:Terms with Yiddish translations#PARENTHESIS

both round brackets

Category:Entries with translation boxes#PARENTHESIS

Armenian: փակագծեր pl (pʻakagcer)Category:Terms with Armenian translations#PARENTHESIS
Bulgarian: кръ́гли ско́би f pl (krǎ́gli skóbi)Category:Terms with Bulgarian translations#PARENTHESIS
Catalan: parèntesis (ca)Category:Terms with Catalan translations#PARENTHESIS
Cornish: krommvaghow f plCategory:Terms with Cornish translations#PARENTHESIS
Danish: parentes (da) cCategory:Terms with Danish translations#PARENTHESIS
Dutch: haakjes (nl) plCategory:Terms with Dutch translations#PARENTHESIS
Esperanto: rondaj krampojCategory:Terms with Esperanto translations#PARENTHESIS
Finnish: sulkeet (fi) plCategory:Terms with Finnish translations#PARENTHESIS, sulkumerkit plCategory:Terms with Finnish translations#PARENTHESIS, sulut (fi) plCategory:Terms with Finnish translations#PARENTHESIS
French: parenthèses (fr) f plCategory:Terms with French translations#PARENTHESIS
Galician: parénteses f plCategory:Terms with Galician translations#PARENTHESIS
German: runde Klammer fCategory:Terms with German translations#PARENTHESIS
Greek: παρενθέσεις (el) f pl (parenthéseis)Category:Terms with Greek translations#PARENTHESIS
Irish: lúibíní m plCategory:Terms with Irish translations#PARENTHESIS
Latin: uncae f plCategory:Terms with Latin translations#PARENTHESIS
Māori: taiepaCategory:Terms with Māori translations#PARENTHESIS (when preceded by plural 'ngā')
Polish: nawiasy m plCategory:Terms with Polish translations#PARENTHESIS
Portuguese: parênteses (pt) m plCategory:Terms with Portuguese translations#PARENTHESIS
Russian: ско́бки (ru) f pl (skóbki)Category:Terms with Russian translations#PARENTHESIS
Tamil: அடைப்புக்குறிகள் (ta) (aṭaippukkuṟikaḷ)Category:Terms with Tamil translations#PARENTHESIS
Turkish: parantez (tr)Category:Terms with Turkish translations#PARENTHESIS
Welsh: cromfachau (cy) f plCategory:Terms with Welsh translations#PARENTHESIS

(mathematics, logic) brackets used to clarify expressions by grouping terms affected by a common operator

Category:Entries with translation boxes#PARENTHESIS

Armenian: փակագծեր pl (pʻakagcer)Category:Terms with Armenian translations#PARENTHESIS
Bulgarian: ско́ба (bg) f (skóba)Category:Terms with Bulgarian translations#PARENTHESIS
Chinese:
Mandarin: 括號 / 括号 (zh) (kuòhào)Category:Terms with Mandarin translations#PARENTHESIS
Danish: parentes (da) cCategory:Terms with Danish translations#PARENTHESIS
Dutch: haakje (plural haakjes)
Finnish: sulkeet (fi)Category:Terms with Finnish translations#PARENTHESIS
French: parenthèses (fr) f plCategory:Terms with French translations#PARENTHESIS
Galician: paréntese (gl) fCategory:Terms with Galician translations#PARENTHESIS
German: runde Klammer fCategory:Terms with German translations#PARENTHESIS
Greek: παρένθεση (el) f (parénthesi)Category:Terms with Greek translations#PARENTHESIS
Polish: nawias (pl) mCategory:Terms with Polish translations#PARENTHESIS
Spanish: paréntesis (es) mCategory:Terms with Spanish translations#PARENTHESIS
Turkish: parantez (tr)Category:Terms with Turkish translations#PARENTHESIS

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Category:Entries with translation boxes#PARENTHESIS