underground
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˌʌn.dəˈɡɹaʊnd/, (especially for the noun) /ˈʌn.də.ɡɹaʊnd/Category:English 3-syllable words#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English 3-syllable words#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English terms with IPA pronunciation#UNDERGROUND
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˌʌn.dəɹˈɡɹaʊnd/, (especially for the noun) /ˈʌn.dəɹ.ɡɹaʊnd/Category:English 3-syllable words#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English 3-syllable words#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English terms with IPA pronunciation#UNDERGROUND
- Rhymes: -aʊndCategory:Rhymes:English/aʊnd#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Rhymes:English/aʊnd/3 syllables#UNDERGROUND
- Hyphenation: un‧der‧ground
Etymology 1
From Middle EnglishCategory:English terms inherited from Middle English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English terms derived from Middle English#UNDERGROUND undergrounde (adverb), equivalent to under + groundCategory:English compound terms#UNDERGROUND or under- + groundCategory:English terms prefixed with under-#GROUND. Compare Dutch ondergrond, ondergronds, German Untergrund, Danish undergrunds.
Alternative forms
- under ground, under-ground (now rare)
Adjective
underground (comparative more underground, superlative most underground)Category:English lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English adjectives#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND
- (not comparable) Below the ground; below the surface of the Earth.
- Synonyms: subterranean, hypogean
- There is an underground tunnel that takes you across the river.Category:English terms with usage examples#UNDERGROUND
- 2014 June 14, “It’s a gas”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8891, London: The Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 12 June 2014:
- One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. Isolating a city’s effluent and shipping it away in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.Category:English terms with quotations#UNDERGROUND
- (figurative) Hidden, furtive, secretive.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:hidden, Thesaurus:covert
- These criminals operate through an underground network.Category:English terms with usage examples#UNDERGROUND
- (figurative) Of or relating to an art forms (such as music) or subculture that is outside the mainstream, especially one that is unofficial and hidden from the authorities.
- Synonyms: alternative, unconventional
- Antonym: mainstream
- underground musicCategory:English terms with usage examples#UNDERGROUND
- 1991, Stephen Fry, The Liar, page 27:
- ‘ […] he wrote to me last week telling me about an incredible bitch of a row blazing there on account of someone having been and gone and produced an unofficial magazine called Raddled, full of obscene libellous Oz-like filth. And what I though, what Sammy and I thought, was—why not?’ ‘Why not what?’ said Tom. ‘Why not do the same thing here?’ ‘You mean an underground magazine?’ ‘Yup.’Category:English terms with quotations#UNDERGROUND
- 2010 March 20, James Campbell, “Barry Miles: 'I think of the 60s as a supermarket of ideas. We were looking for new ways to live'”, in The Guardian:
- "In many ways, it showed there was no longer an underground, as such. This proved that there was no longer one society with everyone agreeing how to live . . . The underground had officially come above ground, and consequently no longer existed."Category:English terms with quotations#UNDERGROUND
Derived terms
Translations
Adverb
underground (comparative more underground, superlative most underground)Category:English lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English adverbs#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND
- Below the ground.
- Synonym: below ground
- The tunnel goes underground at this point.Category:English terms with usage examples#UNDERGROUND
- Secretly.
- Synonyms: clandestinely, in secret, on the quiet
Translations
Noun

underground (plural undergrounds)Category:English lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English countable nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND
- (geographyCategory:en:Geography#UNDERGROUND) The regions beneath the surface of the earth, both natural (eg. caves) and man-made (eg. mines).
- (chiefly BritishCategory:British English#UNDERGROUND) Synonym of subway: a railway that is under the ground.
- Synonym: underground railway
- London UndergroundCategory:English terms with usage examples#UNDERGROUND
- (with definite article) A movement or organization of people who resist political convention.
- Synonym: resistance
- the French underground during World War IICategory:English terms with usage examples#UNDERGROUND
- 1942, Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein, Howard Koch, Casablanca, spoken by Ilsa (Ingrid Bergman):
- Victor, please, don't go to the underground meeting tonight.Category:English terms with quotations#UNDERGROUND
- (with definite article) A movement or organization of people who resist artistic convention.
- Synonyms: avant-garde, counterculture
Translations
Verb
underground (third-person singular simple present undergrounds, present participle undergrounding, simple past and past participle undergrounded)Category:English lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English verbs#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND
- To route electricity distribution cables underground.
- 1962, David Pesonen, “Battles Over Energy”, in Carolyn Merchant, editor, Green Versus Gold: Sources in California's Environmental History, Island Press, published 1998, →ISBN, page 325:
- One is to underground where no other alternative will work, and this method should be used universally in urban regions as it now is in “downtown” sections.Category:English terms with quotations#UNDERGROUND
- 2004, Don L. Ivey, C. Paul Scott, “Solutions”, in Transportation Research Board Committee on Utilities, editor, Utilities and Roadside Safety, State of the Art Report 9, Transportation Research Board, →ISBN, page 9:
- Also, undergrounding may not eliminate the potential for crashes with other roadside objects, such as trees, walls, buildings, and so forth. [...] When looking at the fesibility of undergrounding utilities, the complete roadside area and nearby adjacent properties should be evaluated for potential roadside obstructions or hazards.Category:English terms with quotations#UNDERGROUND
- 2006, Janes Northcote-Green, Robert Wilson, “Design, Construction and Operation of Distribution Systems, MV Networks”, in Control and Automation of Electrical Power Distribution Systems, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 110:
- The utility now wants the network to be undergrounded in the urban areas, which would mean substations with 33 kV distribution swtichgear.Category:English terms with quotations#UNDERGROUND
Translations
Category:Entries with translation boxes#UNDERGROUND
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Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
undergroundCategory:English non-lemma forms#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English verb forms#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND
- simple past and past participle of undergrind
Further reading
- “underground”, in Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
- “underground”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- “underground, adj. & n.”, in OED Online
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000. - “underground, n.”, in OED Online
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000. - “underground, v.”, in OED Online
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
Finnish
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from EnglishCategory:Finnish terms borrowed from English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Finnish unadapted borrowings from English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Finnish terms derived from English#UNDERGROUND underground.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑnder.ɡrɑund/, [ˈɑ̝nde̞rˌɡrɑ̝und]Category:Finnish 4-syllable words#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation#UNDERGROUND
- Rhymes: -ɑundCategory:Rhymes:Finnish/ɑund#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Rhymes:Finnish/ɑund/4 syllables#UNDERGROUNDCategory:fi-pronunciation missing automatic hyphenation#UNDERGROUND
Noun
undergroundCategory:Finnish lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Finnish nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Finnish entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND
- underground (culture)
Declension
| Inflection of underground (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | underground | undergroundit | |
| genitive | undergroundin | undergroundien | |
| partitive | undergroundia | undergroundeja | |
| illative | undergroundiin | undergroundeihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | underground | undergroundit | |
| accusative | nom. | underground | undergroundit |
| gen. | undergroundin | ||
| genitive | undergroundin | undergroundien | |
| partitive | undergroundia | undergroundeja | |
| inessive | undergroundissa | undergroundeissa | |
| elative | undergroundista | undergroundeista | |
| illative | undergroundiin | undergroundeihin | |
| adessive | undergroundilla | undergroundeilla | |
| ablative | undergroundilta | undergroundeilta | |
| allative | undergroundille | undergroundeille | |
| essive | undergroundina | undergroundeina | |
| translative | undergroundiksi | undergroundeiksi | |
| abessive | undergrounditta | undergroundeitta | |
| instructive | — | undergroundein | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “underground”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 4 July 2023
French
Etymology
Borrowed from EnglishCategory:French terms borrowed from English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:French terms derived from English#UNDERGROUND underground.
Pronunciation
Adjective
underground (invariable)Category:French lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:French adjectives#UNDERGROUNDCategory:French entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND
- underground (outside the mainstream)
Noun
underground m (uncountable)Category:French lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:French nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:French uncountable nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:French entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:French masculine nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND
- (singular onlyCategory:French singularia tantum#UNDERGROUND) the underground (people who resist artistic convention)
Further reading
- “underground”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012
Italian
Etymology
Borrowed from EnglishCategory:Italian terms borrowed from English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Italian terms derived from English#UNDERGROUND underground.
Pronunciation
Noun
l'underground m (invariable)Category:Italian lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Italian nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Italian countable nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Italian indeclinable nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Italian entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Italian masculine nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND
- the underground (people who resist artistic convention)
References
- ↑ underground in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Romanian
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from EnglishCategory:Romanian terms borrowed from English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Romanian unadapted borrowings from English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Romanian terms derived from English#UNDERGROUND underground.
Adjective
underground m or f or n (indeclinable)Category:Romanian lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Romanian adjectives#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Romanian indeclinable adjectives#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Romanian entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND
Declension
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
| nominative- accusative | indefinite | underground | underground | underground | underground | ||
| definite | — | — | — | — | |||
| genitive- dative | indefinite | underground | underground | underground | underground | ||
| definite | — | — | — | — | |||
Spanish
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from EnglishCategory:Spanish terms borrowed from English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Spanish unadapted borrowings from English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Spanish terms derived from English#UNDERGROUND underground.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /andeɾˈɡɾaund/ [ãn̪.d̪eɾˈɣ̞ɾãũn̪d̪]Category:Spanish 4-syllable words#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation#UNDERGROUND
- IPA(key): /ondeɾˈɡɾaund/ [õn̪.d̪eɾˈɣ̞ɾãũn̪d̪]Category:Spanish 4-syllable words#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation#UNDERGROUND
- Rhymes: -aundCategory:Rhymes:Spanish/aund#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Rhymes:Spanish/aund/3 syllables#UNDERGROUND
Noun
underground m (plural undergrounds)Category:Spanish lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Spanish nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Spanish countable nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Spanish entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Spanish masculine nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND
- underground (movement)
Usage notes
According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.
Further reading
- “underground”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025
