underground

English

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Wikipedia

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

    Category:English terms inherited from Middle English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English entries referencing missing etymons#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English terms derived from Middle English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English compound terms#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages using etymon with no ID#UNDERGROUND

    From Middle EnglishCategory:English terms inherited from Middle English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English terms derived from Middle English#UNDERGROUND undergrounde (adverb), equivalent to under + groundCategory:English compound terms#UNDERGROUND or under- + groundCategory:English terms prefixed with under-#GROUND. Compare Dutch ondergrond, ondergronds, German Untergrund, Danish undergrunds.

    Alternative forms

    Adjective

    underground (comparative more underground, superlative most underground)Category:English lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English adjectives#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND

    1. (not comparable) Below the ground; below the surface of the Earth.
      Synonyms: subterranean, hypogean
      There is an underground tunnel that takes you across the river.Category:English terms with usage examples#UNDERGROUND
    2. (figurative) Hidden, furtive, secretive.
      Synonyms: see Thesaurus:hidden, Thesaurus:covert
      These criminals operate through an underground network.Category:English terms with usage examples#UNDERGROUND
    3. (figurative) Of or relating to an art forms (such as music) or subculture that is outside the mainstream, especially one that is unofficial and hidden from the authorities.
      Synonyms: alternative, unconventional
      Antonym: mainstream
      • 1991, Stephen Fry, The Liar, page 27:
        [] he wrote to me last week telling me about an incredible bitch of a row blazing there on account of someone having been and gone and produced an unofficial magazine called Raddled, full of obscene libellous Oz-like filth. And what I though, what Sammy and I thought, was—why not?’ ‘Why not what?’ said Tom. ‘Why not do the same thing here?’ ‘You mean an underground magazine?’ ‘Yup.’
        Category:English terms with quotations#UNDERGROUND
      • 2010 March 20, James Campbell, “Barry Miles: 'I think of the 60s as a supermarket of ideas. We were looking for new ways to live'”, in The Guardian:
        "In many ways, it showed there was no longer an underground, as such. This proved that there was no longer one society with everyone agreeing how to live . . . The underground had officially come above ground, and consequently no longer existed."
        Category:English terms with quotations#UNDERGROUND
    Derived terms
    Translations

    Adverb

    underground (comparative more underground, superlative most underground)Category:English lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English adverbs#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND

    1. Below the ground.
      Synonym: below ground
      The tunnel goes underground at this point.Category:English terms with usage examples#UNDERGROUND
    2. Secretly.
      Synonyms: clandestinely, in secret, on the quiet
    Translations

    Noun

    The London Underground

    underground (plural undergrounds)Category:English lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English countable nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND

    1. (geographyCategory:en:Geography#UNDERGROUND) The regions beneath the surface of the earth, both natural (eg. caves) and man-made (eg. mines).
    2. (chiefly BritishCategory:British English#UNDERGROUND) Synonym of subway: a railway that is under the ground.
      Synonym: underground railway
    3. (with definite article) A movement or organization of people who resist political convention.
      Synonym: resistance
      the French underground during World War II
      Category:English terms with usage examples#UNDERGROUND
    4. (with definite article) A movement or organization of people who resist artistic convention.
      Synonyms: avant-garde, counterculture
    Translations

    Verb

    underground (third-person singular simple present undergrounds, present participle undergrounding, simple past and past participle undergrounded)Category:English lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English verbs#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND

    1. To route electricity distribution cables underground.
      • 1962, David Pesonen, “Battles Over Energy”, in Carolyn Merchant, editor, Green Versus Gold: Sources in California's Environmental History, Island Press, published 1998, →ISBN, page 325:
        One is to underground where no other alternative will work, and this method should be used universally in urban regions as it now is in “downtown” sections.
        Category:English terms with quotations#UNDERGROUND
      • 2004, Don L. Ivey, C. Paul Scott, “Solutions”, in Transportation Research Board Committee on Utilities, editor, Utilities and Roadside Safety, State of the Art Report 9, Transportation Research Board, →ISBN, page 9:
        Also, undergrounding may not eliminate the potential for crashes with other roadside objects, such as trees, walls, buildings, and so forth. [...] When looking at the fesibility of undergrounding utilities, the complete roadside area and nearby adjacent properties should be evaluated for potential roadside obstructions or hazards.
        Category:English terms with quotations#UNDERGROUND
      • 2006, Janes Northcote-Green, Robert Wilson, “Design, Construction and Operation of Distribution Systems, MV Networks”, in Control and Automation of Electrical Power Distribution Systems, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 110:
        The utility now wants the network to be undergrounded in the urban areas, which would mean substations with 33 kV distribution swtichgear.
        Category:English terms with quotations#UNDERGROUND
    Translations

    Etymology 2

    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Verb

    undergroundCategory:English non-lemma forms#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English verb forms#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND

    1. simple past and past participle of undergrind

    Further reading

    Category:English position adverbs#UNDERGROUNDCategory:English movement adverbs#UNDERGROUND Category:en:Rail transportation#UNDERGROUND

    Finnish

    Etymology

    Unadapted borrowing from EnglishCategory:Finnish terms borrowed from English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Finnish unadapted borrowings from English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Finnish terms derived from English#UNDERGROUND underground.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    undergroundCategory:Finnish lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Finnish nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Finnish entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND

    1. underground (culture)

    Declension

    Possessive forms of underground (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
    Category:Finnish risti-type nominals#UNDERGROUND

    Derived terms

    Further reading

    French

    Etymology

    Borrowed from EnglishCategory:French terms borrowed from English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:French terms derived from English#UNDERGROUND underground.

    Pronunciation

    Adjective

    underground (invariable)Category:French lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:French adjectives#UNDERGROUNDCategory:French entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND

    1. underground (outside the mainstream)

    Noun

    underground m (uncountable)Category:French lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:French nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:French uncountable nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:French entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:French masculine nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND

    1. (singular onlyCategory:French singularia tantum#UNDERGROUND) the underground (people who resist artistic convention)

    Further reading

    Italian

    Etymology

    Borrowed from EnglishCategory:Italian terms borrowed from English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Italian terms derived from English#UNDERGROUND underground.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    l'underground m (invariable)Category:Italian lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Italian nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Italian countable nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Italian indeclinable nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Italian entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Italian masculine nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND

    1. the underground (people who resist artistic convention)

    References

    1. underground in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

    Romanian

    Etymology

    Unadapted borrowing from EnglishCategory:Romanian terms borrowed from English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Romanian unadapted borrowings from English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Romanian terms derived from English#UNDERGROUND underground.

    Adjective

    underground m or f or n (indeclinable)Category:Romanian lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Romanian adjectives#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Romanian indeclinable adjectives#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Romanian entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND

    1. underground

    Declension

    Declension of underground (invariable)
    singular plural
    masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
    nominative-
    accusative
    indefinite underground underground underground underground
    definite
    genitive-
    dative
    indefinite underground underground underground underground
    definite

    Spanish

    Etymology

    Unadapted borrowing from EnglishCategory:Spanish terms borrowed from English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Spanish unadapted borrowings from English#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Spanish terms derived from English#UNDERGROUND underground.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    underground m (plural undergrounds)Category:Spanish lemmas#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Spanish nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Spanish countable nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Spanish entries with incorrect language header#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Spanish masculine nouns#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with entries#UNDERGROUNDCategory:Pages with 6 entries#UNDERGROUND

    1. underground (movement)

    Usage notes

    According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

    Further reading

    Category:British English Category:English 3-syllable words Category:English adjectives Category:English adverbs Category:English compound terms Category:English countable nouns Category:English entries referencing missing etymons Category:English lemmas Category:English movement adverbs Category:English non-lemma forms Category:English nouns Category:English position adverbs Category:English terms derived from Middle English Category:English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem- Category:English terms inherited from Middle English Category:English terms prefixed with under- Category:English terms with IPA pronunciation Category:English terms with audio pronunciation Category:English terms with quotations Category:English terms with usage examples Category:English verb forms Category:English verbs Category:Entries with translation boxes Category:Finnish 4-syllable words Category:Finnish lemmas Category:Finnish nouns Category:Finnish risti-type nominals Category:Finnish terms borrowed from English Category:Finnish terms derived from English Category:Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Finnish unadapted borrowings from English Category:French 3-syllable words Category:French adjectives Category:French lemmas Category:French masculine nouns Category:French nouns Category:French singularia tantum Category:French terms borrowed from English Category:French terms derived from English Category:French terms with IPA pronunciation Category:French uncountable nouns Category:Italian 3-syllable words Category:Italian countable nouns Category:Italian indeclinable nouns Category:Italian lemmas Category:Italian masculine nouns Category:Italian nouns Category:Italian terms borrowed from English Category:Italian terms derived from English Category:Italian terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Mandarin terms with non-redundant manual transliterations Category:Pages using etymon with no ID Category:Pages with 6 entries Category:Pages with entries Category:Requests for translations into Bulgarian Category:Rhymes:English/aʊnd Category:Rhymes:English/aʊnd/3 syllables Category:Rhymes:Finnish/ɑund Category:Rhymes:Finnish/ɑund/4 syllables Category:Rhymes:Italian/awnd Category:Rhymes:Italian/awnd/3 syllables Category:Rhymes:Spanish/aund Category:Rhymes:Spanish/aund/3 syllables Category:Romanian adjectives Category:Romanian indeclinable adjectives Category:Romanian lemmas Category:Romanian terms borrowed from English Category:Romanian terms derived from English Category:Romanian unadapted borrowings from English Category:Russian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations Category:Spanish 4-syllable words Category:Spanish countable nouns Category:Spanish lemmas Category:Spanish masculine nouns Category:Spanish nouns Category:Spanish terms borrowed from English Category:Spanish terms derived from English Category:Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Spanish unadapted borrowings from English Category:Terms with Ancient Greek translations Category:Terms with Armenian translations Category:Terms with Belarusian translations Category:Terms with Bulgarian translations Category:Terms with Catalan translations Category:Terms with Czech translations Category:Terms with Dutch translations Category:Terms with Esperanto translations Category:Terms with Finnish translations Category:Terms with French translations Category:Terms with Galician translations Category:Terms with Georgian translations Category:Terms with German translations Category:Terms with Greek translations Category:Terms with Hebrew translations Category:Terms with Hindi translations Category:Terms with Hungarian translations Category:Terms with Icelandic translations Category:Terms with Ido translations Category:Terms with Ingrian translations Category:Terms with Irish translations Category:Terms with Italian translations Category:Terms with Japanese translations Category:Terms with Korean translations Category:Terms with Latin translations Category:Terms with Macedonian translations Category:Terms with Malay translations Category:Terms with Mandarin translations Category:Terms with Māori translations Category:Terms with Navajo translations Category:Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations Category:Terms with Polish translations Category:Terms with Portuguese translations Category:Terms with Romanian translations Category:Terms with Russian translations Category:Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations Category:Terms with Slovak translations Category:Terms with Slovene translations Category:Terms with Spanish translations Category:Terms with Swedish translations Category:Terms with Turkish translations Category:Terms with Ukrainian translations Category:Terms with Unami translations Category:Terms with Welsh translations Category:Terms with Yiddish translations Category:en:Geography Category:en:Rail transportation Category:fi-pronunciation missing automatic hyphenation