Wikimore

蔡	U+8521, 蔡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8521

Translingual

Han character

蔡Category:Translingual lemmas#艸11蔡 Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#艸11蔡 Category:Translingual symbols#艸11蔡 Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#艸11蔡 Category:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#艸11蔡 Category:Pages with entries#蔡 Category:Pages with 5 entries#蔡 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+11, 15 strokes in traditional Chinese, 14 strokes in simplified Chinese, Cangjie input 廿月人火 (TBOF), four-corner 4490₁, composition ⿱艹祭)Category:Han script characters#艸11蔡

Derived characters

攃, 櫒, 礤, 䌨, 𠐐, 𡂠, 𡣮, 𤁱, 𧭝, 𨯓, 𩧇, 𪒼, 𢨝, 𩁞, 𪇭, 𫊈, 𬪝, 𬯡, 𮜨

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1055, character 3

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31818

Dae Jaweon: page 1517, character 17

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3282, character 10

Unihan data for U+8521

Chinese

trad.		蔡
simp. ^#		蔡
2nd round simp.		𦬁

Chinese Wikipedia has an article on:

蔡

Wikipedia ^zh

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 蔡
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (祭) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蔡	*sʰlaːds
瘵	*ʔsreːds
祭	ʔsreːds, ʔsleds
際	*ʔsleds
穄	*ʔsleds
鰶	*ʔsleds
傺	*hr'eds
摖	*sʰleːds
擦	*sʰlaːd
攃	sʰlaːd, saːd
礤	*sʰlaːd
察	*sʰreːd
詧	sʰreːd, sʰeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰlaːds)Category:Han phono-semantic compounds#艸11: semantic 艸 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 祭 (OC *ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)Category:Requests for etymologies in Chinese entries#艸11

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): cài (cai⁴Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#蔡)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄞˋ

Category:Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cai⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): coi³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): toi¹
Gan (Wiktionary): cai³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhai

(Hailu, HRS): cai^ˇ

(Meixian, Guangdong): cai⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): cai³
Northern Min (KCR): chuo̿i
Eastern Min (BUC): chái
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cua⁴ / cai⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhòa / chhài

(Teochew, Peng'im): cua³

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): cua³ / cai³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵tsha / ⁵tshe / ¹tsha / ⁵tshae / ⁵tshai
- (Jinhua): ⁵tsha
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): cai⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cài
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cài
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻai⁴
  - Yale: tsài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsay
  - Palladius: цай (caj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: cai⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: coi³
  - Yale: choi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: coi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: toi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰᵘɔi³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: cai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhai
  - Hakka Romanization System: cai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: cai^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰaɪ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: cai³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰai⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chuo̿i
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuɛ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑi²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cua⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chua̍
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰua⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cai⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cha̍i
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai⁴²/

Note:

cua4 - vernacular (including surname);
cai4 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhòa
  - Tâi-lô: tshuà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoax
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sʰua⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰua¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰua²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhài
  - Tâi-lô: tshài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhaix
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰai²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sʰai⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰai¹¹/

Note:

chhòa - vernacular (including surname);
chhài - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cua³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshuà
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰua²¹³/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: cua³ / cai³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰua²¹/, /t͡sʰai²¹/

Note:

cua3 - vernacular (inc. surname);
cai3 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Chuansha, Suzhou, Kunshan, Yixing, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Deqing, Xiaoshan, Fuyang, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsha
  - MiniDict: tsha^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsha
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰa³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡sʰa³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /t͡sʰɑ³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡sʰɑ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Chuansha): /t͡sʰa³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sʰɑ⁵²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /t͡sʰa⁴¹²/
  - Sinological IPA (Yixing): /t͡sʰa⁴¹²/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /t͡sʰa⁵²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡sʰa³³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /t͡sʰa³³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Haining): /t͡sʰa⁴⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /t͡sʰa³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Deqing): /t͡sʰa⁴³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiaoshan): /t͡sʰa⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Fuyang): /t͡sʰa³³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡sʰa³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡sʰa⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Suzhou, Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tshe
  - MiniDict: tshe^去
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sʰe⁵²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁵/
- (Northern: Cixi)
  - Wugniu: ¹tsha
  - Sinological IPA (Cixi): /t͡sʰa³²⁴/
- (Northern: Songjiang, Haiyan)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tshae
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /t͡sʰɛ³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /t͡sʰɛ³⁵/
- (Northern: Jingjiang)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tshai
  - Sinological IPA (Jingjiang): /t͡sʰɛ⁵²/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsha
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡sʰɑ⁵⁵/

Note:

Suzhou:
- 5tsha - vernacular;
- 5tshe - literary.
Haiyan, Songjiang:
- 5tsha - vernacular;
- 5tshae - literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: cai⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 蔡
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡sʰai⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡sʰai⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰai⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡sʰɛ²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰɛ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sʰai³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰai⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sʰɛ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sʰɛ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡sʰɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰai²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰai³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰai¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰai²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡sʰæ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰae⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰe̞⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰai⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰæ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sʰe³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰɑ⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰe̞⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰa⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰɛ³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰa⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰai⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sʰai⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰai²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰai⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰɔi³³/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰɔi³³/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰɔi³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sʰai²¹/ /t͡sʰua²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sʰɑi²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰuɛ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰua²¹³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sai³⁵/ /sua³⁵/

Middle Chinese: tshajH

Rime
Character	蔡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	倉大切
Baxter	tshajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰaj^H/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑi^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coi³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.r̥ˤat-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰlaːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蔡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cài
Middle Chinese	‹ tshaj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*s.r̥ˁat-s/
English	(name of a state)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.