Aprilis
Latin
Alternative forms
- aprīlis (alternative case form)
Etymology
Perhaps based on EtruscanCategory:Latin terms derived from Etruscan#APRILIS 𐌖𐌓𐌐𐌀 (apru)Category:Etruscan terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#APRILIS, from Ancient GreekCategory:Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek#APRILIS Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodítē, “Venus”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
Aprīlis (neuter Aprīle)Category:Latin lemmas#APRILISCategory:Latin adjectives#APRILISCategory:Latin third declension adjectives#APRILISCategory:Latin third declension adjectives of two terminations#APRILISCategory:Latin entries with incorrect language header#APRILISCategory:Pages with entries#APRILISCategory:Pages with 1 entry#APRILIS; third-declension two-termination adjective
- Of April.
- 44 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Philippicae 2.93.6, (This can be understood either as an accusative plural adjective in -īs[1] or a genitive singular noun in -is):
- Tu autem quadringentiens sestertium quod Idibus Martiis debuisti quonam modo ante Kalendas Aprilis debere desisti?
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Tu autem quadringentiens sestertium quod Idibus Martiis debuisti quonam modo ante Kalendas Aprilis debere desisti?
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 25.1.12.4:
- Is et in contione senatus consultum recitavit et edixit ut quicumque libros vaticinos precationesve aut artem sacrificandi conscriptam haberet eos libros omnes litterasque ad se ante kalendas Apriles deferret neu quis in publico sacrove loco novo aut externo ritu sacrificaret.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Is et in contione senatus consultum recitavit et edixit ut quicumque libros vaticinos precationesve aut artem sacrificandi conscriptam haberet eos libros omnes litterasque ad se ante kalendas Apriles deferret neu quis in publico sacrove loco novo aut externo ritu sacrificaret.
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 29.14.14.2:
- Eae per manus, succedentes deinde aliae aliis, omni obuiam effusa ciuitate, turibulis ante ianuas positis qua praeferebatur atque accenso ture precantibus ut volens propitiaque urbem Romanam iniret, in aedem Victoriae quae est in Palatio pertulere deam pridie idus Apriles; isque dies festus fuit.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Eae per manus, succedentes deinde aliae aliis, omni obuiam effusa ciuitate, turibulis ante ianuas positis qua praeferebatur atque accenso ture precantibus ut volens propitiaque urbem Romanam iniret, in aedem Victoriae quae est in Palatio pertulere deam pridie idus Apriles; isque dies festus fuit.
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 44.19.4.2:
- Et ne quid profectionem suam teneret, pridie idus Apriles Latinis esse constitutam diem.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Et ne quid profectionem suam teneret, pridie idus Apriles Latinis esse constitutam diem.
- 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 4.621:
- Occupat Apriles Idus cognomine Victor / Iuppiter: hac illi sunt data templa die.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Occupat Apriles Idus cognomine Victor / Iuppiter: hac illi sunt data templa die.
- 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 10.124.2:
- Hoc gestum M. Servilio C. Cestio cos. a. d. V kal. Apriles.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Hoc gestum M. Servilio C. Cestio cos. a. d. V kal. Apriles.
- 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 17.189.4:
- Quidam ita determinant: veterem semel a vindemia ante brumam, cum alii ablaqueare et stercorare satis put(e)nt, iterum ab idibus Aprilibus, antequam concipiat, hoc est in VI idus Maias; dein prius quam florere incipiat et cum defloruerit et variante se uva.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Quidam ita determinant: veterem semel a vindemia ante brumam, cum alii ablaqueare et stercorare satis put(e)nt, iterum ab idibus Aprilibus, antequam concipiat, hoc est in VI idus Maias; dein prius quam florere incipiat et cum defloruerit et variante se uva.
- 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 18.169.6:
- Hoc fit Novembri mense incipiente, postea pauci runcant—botanismon vocant—, reliqua pars non nisi cum falce arva visit paulo ante kal. Apriles.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Hoc fit Novembri mense incipiente, postea pauci runcant—botanismon vocant—, reliqua pars non nisi cum falce arva visit paulo ante kal. Apriles.
Usage notes
In Classical Latin, month names were regularly used as adjectives, generally modifying a case-form of mēnsis m sg (“month”) or of one of the nouns used in the Roman calendar to refer to specific days of the month from which other days were counted: kalendae f pl (“calends”), nōnae f pl (“nones”), īdūs f pl (“ides”). However, the masculine noun mēnsis could be omitted by ellipsis, so the masculine singular forms of month names eventually came to be used as proper nouns.[2]
The accusative plural adjective forms Aprīlīs, Septembrīs, Octōbrīs, Novembrīs, Decembrīs[3] are ambiguous in writing, being spelled identically to the genitive singular forms of the nouns; nevertheless, the use of ablative singular forms in -ī and comparison with the usage of other month names as adjectives supports the interpretation of -is as an accusative plural adjective ending in Classical Latin phrases such as "kalendas Septembris".[4]
Declension
Third-declension two-termination adjective.
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| masc./fem. | masc./fem. | ||
| nominative | Aprīlis | Aprīlēs | |
| genitive | Aprīlis | Aprīlium | |
| dative | Aprīlī | Aprīlibus | |
| accusative | Aprīlem | Aprīlīs Aprīlēs | |
| ablative | Aprīlī | Aprīlibus | |
| vocative | Aprīlis | Aprīlēs |
- In medieval and New Latin, the ablative singular can also be found as Aprīle.
Proper noun
Aprīlis m sg (genitive Aprīlis)Category:Latin lemmas#APRILISCategory:Latin proper nouns#APRILISCategory:Latin third declension nouns#APRILISCategory:Latin masculine nouns in the third declension#APRILISCategory:Latin entries with incorrect language header#APRILISCategory:Latin masculine nouns#APRILISCategory:Pages with entries#APRILISCategory:Pages with 1 entry#APRILIS; third declension
Declension
Third-declension noun (i-stem, ablative singular in -ī), singular only.
| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | Aprīlis |
| genitive | Aprīlis |
| dative | Aprīlī |
| accusative | Aprīlem |
| ablative | Aprīlī |
| vocative | Aprīlis |
- In medieval and New Latin, the ablative singular can also be found as Aprīle.
Descendants
- Borrowings
See also
Roman calendar on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
References
- ↑ Hanson, J. H. (1870), Preparatory Latin Prose-book..., 21st edition, page 358
- ↑ Karl Gottlob Zumpt (1853), Leonhard Schmitz, Charles Anthon, transl., A Grammar of the Latin Language, 3rd edition, pages 31, 85
- ↑ Gaeng, Paul A. (1968), An Inquiry into Local Variations in Vulgar Latin: As Reflected in the Vocalism of Christian Inscriptions, page 183
- ↑ Frost, P. (1861), The Germania and Agricola of Tacitus, page 161
Further reading
- “Aprilis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “Aprilis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “Aprilis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.