October
English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle EnglishCategory:English terms inherited from Middle English#OCTOBERCategory:English terms derived from Middle English#OCTOBER, borrowed from Old FrenchCategory:English terms derived from Old French#OCTOBER octobre, from LatinCategory:English terms derived from Latin#OCTOBER Octōber (“eighth month”), from LatinCategory:English terms derived from Latin#OCTOBER octō (“eight”), from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#OCTOBER *oḱtṓw (“twice four”); + LatinCategory:English terms derived from Latin#OCTOBER -ber, from -bris, an adjectival suffix; October was the eighth month in the Roman calendar.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɒkˈtəʊ.bə/Category:English 3-syllable words#OCTOBERCategory:English terms with IPA pronunciation#OCTOBER
- (General American) IPA(key): /ɑkˈtoʊ.bəɹ/Category:English 3-syllable words#OCTOBERCategory:English terms with IPA pronunciation#OCTOBER
Category:English terms with audio pronunciation#OCTOBERAudio (US): (file) - (Indic) IPA(key): /ɵkˈtobə(ɾ)/, /ˈɔktɵbə(ɾ)/Category:English 3-syllable words#OCTOBERCategory:English 3-syllable words#OCTOBERCategory:English terms with IPA pronunciation#OCTOBER
- Rhymes: -əʊbə(ɹ)Category:Rhymes:English/əʊbə(ɹ)#OCTOBERCategory:Rhymes:English/əʊbə(ɹ)/3 syllables#OCTOBER
- Hyphenation: Oc‧to‧ber
Proper noun
October (plural Octobers)Category:English lemmas#OCTOBERCategory:English proper nouns#OCTOBERCategory:English countable nouns#OCTOBERCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#OCTOBERCategory:Pages with entries#OCTOBERCategory:Pages with 3 entries#OCTOBER
- The tenth month of the Gregorian calendar, following September and preceding November.
- Alternative forms: Oct, Oct., OCT, 8ber, 10
- Synonym: (Quakerism) Tenth Month
- Holonyms: calendar year; year
- Comeronyms: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, November, December
- 2025 July 18, Timothy McLaughlin, “A Rebel Army Is Building a Rare-Earth Empire on China's Border. The Kachin Independence Organization fought for decades in obscurity. Now it's supplying essential minerals to manufacturers around the world”, in Bloomberg Businessweek, archived from the original on 18 July 2025:
- By October it was advancing steadily toward Pangwa, encountering meager resistance.Category:English terms with quotations#OCTOBER
- (rareCategory:English terms with rare senses#OCTOBER) A female given name transferred from the month nameCategory:English given names#OCTOBERCategory:English female given names#OCTOBERCategory:English female given names from month names#OCTOBER.
- 2002 January, Cincinnati Magazine, volume 35, number 4, page 138:
- The other one [book] I just read is October Suite by Maxine Clair (Random House, $23.95). It's about a woman named October. She's a young black schoolteacher in the 1950s ...Category:English terms with quotations#OCTOBER
- 2009, C.S. Graham, The Archangel Project, →ISBN, page 31:
- From somewhere in the distance came the screaming whine of an emergency vehicle's siren. Lance flipped open his phone. “Get me the address of a woman named October Guinness . . . That's right, October,” he said again, [...]Category:English terms with quotations#OCTOBER
Derived terms
- 6th of October
- Goretober
- humming October
- Inktober
- Kinktober
- Locktober
- mid-October
- October 7
- October 8th Jew
- October beer
- October-bird
- October effect
- Octoberfest
- Octoberish
- Octoberist, Octobrist
- Octoberly
- October Revolution
- October surprise
- October WarCategory:English links with redundant wikilinks#OCTOBERCategory:English links with redundant alt parameters#OCTOBER
- Octobery
- Octobral
- Red October
- Rocktober
- Spooktober
- Striketober
Descendants
- Bislama: oktoba
- Pitcairn-Norfolk: Oktoeba
- Tok Pisin: Oktoba
- → Bengali: অক্টোবর (okṭōbor)
- → Burmese: အောက်တိုဘာ (auktuibha)
- → Chichewa: Okutobala
- → Choctaw: Aktoba
- → Dari: اکتوبر (oktôbar)
- → Hausa: Oktoba
- → Hawaiian: ʻOkakopa
- → Hindi: अक्टूबर (akṭūbar), अक्तूबर (aktūbar)
- → Malay: Oktober
- → Māori: Oketopa
- → Marshallese: Oktoba
- → Niuean: Okitopa
- → Serer: Oktoba
- → Shughni: اکتوبر (oktobar)Category:Shughni terms in nonstandard scripts#OCTOBER
- → Swahili: Oktoba
- → Tokelauan: Oketopa
- → Tongan: ʻOkatopa
- → Tuvaluan: Okitopa
- → Wallisian: ʻOkitopa
- → Xamtanga: [script needed]Category:Requests for native script for Xamtanga terms#OCTOBER (Oktoobar)
- → Tamil: அக்டோபர் (akṭōpar)
Translations
Noun
October (uncountable)Category:English lemmas#OCTOBERCategory:English nouns#OCTOBERCategory:English uncountable nouns#OCTOBERCategory:English uncountable nouns#OCTOBERCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#OCTOBERCategory:Pages with entries#OCTOBERCategory:Pages with 3 entries#OCTOBER
- (historicalCategory:English terms with historical senses#OCTOBER) A type of ale traditionally brewed in October. [from 18th c.]
- 1716 March 21 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], The Drummer; or, The Haunted House. A Comedy. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson […], published 1716 (indicated as 1715), →OCLC, Act V, page 46:
- Sir, if I vvas vvorthy to adviſe you, I vvou'd have a Bottle of good October by me. Shall I ſet a Cup of old Stingo at your Elbovv?Category:English terms with quotations#OCTOBER
- 1751, [Tobias] Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC:
- [T]he gate of a large chateau, of a most noble and venerable appearance […] induced them to alight and view the apartments, contrary to their first intention of drinking a glass of his October at the door.Category:English terms with quotations#OCTOBER
- 1898, Stanley John Weyman, “III. Tutor and Pupils”, in The Castle Inn:
- Sir George, borne along in his chair, peered up at this well-known window--well-known, since in the Oxford of 1767 a man's rooms were furnished if he had tables and chairs, store of beef and October, an apple-pie and Common Room port—and seeing the casement brilliantly lighted, smiled a trifle contemptuously.Category:English terms with quotations#OCTOBER
Verb
October (third-person singular simple present Octobers, present participle Octobering, simple past and past participle Octobered)Category:English lemmas#OCTOBERCategory:English verbs#OCTOBERCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#OCTOBERCategory:Pages with entries#OCTOBERCategory:Pages with 3 entries#OCTOBER
- Category:en:Soviet Union#OCTOBER(historicalCategory:English terms with historical senses#OCTOBER, transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#OCTOBER) In the early Soviet Union, to give a child a name tinged with Soviet revolutionary thought, as opposed to religious christening.
See also
Anagrams
Category:en:Eight#OCTOBERCategory:en:Months#OCTOBERLatin
Etymology
By analogy with September, as if from octō and a suffix -ber. In the Roman calendar, the year began with Mārtius (“March”), and Octōber was the eighth month of the year.
Pronunciation
Adjective
Octōber (feminine Octōbris)Category:Latin lemmas#OCTOBERCategory:Latin adjectives#OCTOBERCategory:Latin third declension adjectives#OCTOBERCategory:Latin third declension adjectives of three terminations#OCTOBERCategory:Latin entries with incorrect language header#OCTOBERCategory:Pages with entries#OCTOBERCategory:Pages with 3 entries#OCTOBER; third-declension three-termination adjective
- of October
- 1st century CE — Lucius Iunius Moderatus Columella, De Re Rustica, Book XII
- Cum eius radicem mense Octobri, quo[d] maxime matura est.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2023, Pope Francis, Est utique fiducia:
- Datum Romae, Laterani, die XV mensis Octobris, in memoria sanctae Teresiae a Iesu, anno MMXXIII, Pontificatus Nostri undecimo
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Datum Romae, Laterani, die XV mensis Octobris, in memoria sanctae Teresiae a Iesu, anno MMXXIII, Pontificatus Nostri undecimo
- 1st century CE — Lucius Iunius Moderatus Columella, De Re Rustica, Book XII
Usage notes
In Classical Latin, month names were regularly used as adjectives, generally modifying a case-form of mēnsis m sg (“month”) or of one of the nouns used in the Roman calendar to refer to specific days of the month from which other days were counted: kalendae f pl (“calends”), nōnae f pl (“nones”), īdūs f pl (“ides”). However, the masculine noun mēnsis could be omitted by ellipsis, so the masculine singular forms of month names eventually came to be used as proper nouns.[1]
The accusative plural adjective forms Aprīlīs, Septembrīs, Octōbrīs, Novembrīs, Decembrīs[2] are ambiguous in writing, being spelled identically to the genitive singular forms of the nouns; nevertheless, the use of ablative singular forms in -ī and comparison with the usage of other month names as adjectives supports the interpretation of -is as an accusative plural adjective ending in Classical Latin phrases such as "kalendas Septembris".[3]
Declension
Third-declension three-termination adjective.
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | Octōber | Octōbris | Octōbrēs | Octōbrēs | |
| genitive | Octōbris | Octōbris | Octōbrium | Octōbrium | |
| dative | Octōbrī | Octōbrī | Octōbribus | Octōbribus | |
| accusative | Octōbrem | Octōbrem | Octōbrēs Octōbrīs |
Octōbrēs Octōbrīs | |
| ablative | Octōbrī | Octōbrī | Octōbribus | Octōbribus | |
| vocative | Octōber | Octōbris | Octōbrēs | Octōbrēs | |
- In medieval and New Latin, the ablative singular can also be found as Octōbre.
Proper noun
Octōber m sg (genitive Octōbris)Category:Latin lemmas#OCTOBERCategory:Latin proper nouns#OCTOBERCategory:Latin third declension nouns#OCTOBERCategory:Latin masculine nouns in the third declension#OCTOBERCategory:Latin entries with incorrect language header#OCTOBERCategory:Latin masculine nouns#OCTOBERCategory:Pages with entries#OCTOBERCategory:Pages with 3 entries#OCTOBER; third declension
Declension
Third-declension noun (i-stem, ablative singular in -ī), singular only.
| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | Octōber |
| genitive | Octōbris |
| dative | Octōbrī |
| accusative | Octōbrem |
| ablative | Octōbrī |
| vocative | Octōber |
- In medieval and New Latin, the ablative singular can also be found as Octōbre.
Descendants
- Borrowings
- → Ancient Greek: Ὀκτώβριος (Oktṓbrios), Ὀκτώμβριος (Oktṓmbrios) (see there for further descendants)
- → Middle High German: octōber
- Romance
- → Albanian: tetor (calque)
- → Cimbrian: achte maanont (calque)
- Unsorted borrowings
These borrowings are ultimately but perhaps not directly from Latin. They are organized into geographical and language family groups, not by etymology.
- Africa
- Americas
- Asia and Oceania
- Central and Western Asia
- South Asia
- Southeast Asia and Oceania
- Europe
- Hungarian: október
- Baltic
- Germanic
- Danish: oktober
- Dutch: oktober, okt (abbreviation), october (before 1996)
- Dutch Low Saxon: oktober
- Faroese: oktober
- German Low German: Oktober
- Icelandic: október
- Limburgish: óktoeaber
- North Frisian: oktuuber, uktoober
- Norwegian: oktober
- Saterland Frisian: Oktober
- Swedish: oktober
- West Flemish: oktober
- West Frisian: oktober
- Slavic
See also
Roman calendar on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
References
- ↑ Karl Gottlob Zumpt (1853), Leonhard Schmitz, Charles Anthon, transl., A Grammar of the Latin Language, 3rd edition, pages 31, 85
- ↑ Gaeng, Paul A. (1968), An Inquiry into Local Variations in Vulgar Latin: As Reflected in the Vocalism of Christian Inscriptions, page 183
- ↑ Frost, P. (1861), The Germania and Agricola of Tacitus, page 161
Further reading
- “October”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
Scots
Etymology
From LatinCategory:Scots terms derived from Latin#OCTOBER Octōber (“of the eighth month”).
Pronunciation
Proper noun
OctoberCategory:Scots lemmas#OCTOBERCategory:Scots proper nouns#OCTOBERCategory:Scots entries with incorrect language header#OCTOBERCategory:Pages with entries#OCTOBERCategory:Pages with 3 entries#OCTOBER
