blat

See also: Blat, blât, blåt, блат, and BLAT

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

ImitativeCategory:English onomatopoeias#BLAT. First attested in 1846 in the intransitive sense of "bleat". Compare English bleat, Old English blǣtan (“to bleat”).

Verb

blat (third-person singular simple present blats, present participle blatting, simple past and past participle blatted)Category:English lemmas#BLATCategory:English verbs#BLATCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#BLATCategory:Pages with entries#BLATCategory:Pages with 11 entries#BLAT

  1. (intransitiveCategory:English intransitive verbs#BLAT) To cry, as a calf, sheep, or goat.
    Synonym: bleatCategory:English links with manual fragments#BLAT
    Near-synonym: baaCategory:English links with manual fragments#BLAT (sheep or goat)
  2. (intransitiveCategory:English intransitive verbs#BLAT) To make a senseless noise.
  3. To talk inconsiderately; blab.
  4. To produce an overrich or overblown sound on a brass instrument such as a trumpet, trombone, or tuba.
  5. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BLAT) To utter loudly or foolishly; blurt.
Translations

Etymology 2

Borrowed from RussianCategory:English terms borrowed from Russian#BLATCategory:English terms derived from Russian#BLAT блат (blat), from PolishCategory:English terms derived from Polish#BLAT blat (“cover, umbrella”) or YiddishCategory:English terms derived from Yiddish#BLAT בלאַט (blat, “leaf, list”). Doublet of bladeCategory:English doublets#BLAT.

Noun

blat (uncountable)Category:English lemmas#BLATCategory:English nouns#BLATCategory:English uncountable nouns#BLATCategory:English uncountable nouns#BLATCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#BLATCategory:Pages with entries#BLATCategory:Pages with 11 entries#BLAT

  1. The Soviet system of connections and social relationships; one's social or business network (in Russian or Soviet society).
    Synonym: (from Chinese) guanxi
    To open a new business in Russia you need blat.Category:English terms with usage examples#BLAT
    • 1998, Alena V. Ledeneva, Russia's Economy of Favours. Blat, Networking and Informal Exchange, University of London, →ISBN, [Marketing description of that book hardly written by the author]:
      Alena Ledeneva's book is the first to analyse blat in all its historical, socio-economic and cultural aspects, and to explore its implications for post-Soviet society. In a socialist distribution system which resulted in constant shortages, blat developed into an 'economy of favours' which shadowed an overcontrolling centre and represented the reaction of ordinary people to the social constraints they faced.
      Category:English terms with quotations#BLAT
    • 2003, William Gibson, Pattern Recognition (Bigend cycle; book 1), New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, →ISBN, page 180:
      “We call her that but really it’s more post-Soviet. She's the blat girl.”
      “The what?”
      “Blat. What the old boys in your country called juice, I think. She's connected, Marina is.
      Category:English terms with quotations#BLAT
    • 2005, Adam Czarnota, Martin Krygier, Wojciech Sadurski, Rethinking the Rule of Law After Communism, page 334:
      The bribe caused the inflation of the social capital defined as blat. Monetarization of social relations led to the inflation of the social investments that the ordinary citizen has put in their blat networks. Only blat networks of the powerful survived […]
      Category:English terms with quotations#BLAT
      Category:Quotation templates to be cleaned
    • 2006, Alena V. Ledeneva, How Russia Really Works. The Informal Practices That Shaped Post-Soviet Politics and Business (Culture and Society after Socialism), Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page 2:
      I argue that just as blat was an essential type of know-how of Soviet socialism, these postsocialist informal practices represent the “know-how” of post-Soviet Russia.
      Category:English terms with quotations#BLAT
    • 2017, Joseph S. Berliner, "Blat", in David Twichell, The shallow stratigraphy and sand resources offshore of the Mississippi bar, age 326:
      The distinction between the use of blat for personal enrichment and for smoothing the work of the enterprise was emphasized in the interview testimony. […] The supply agent, for example, often has large quantities of money at his disposal for arranging his blat, much of which he might use for himself but which he devotes instead to making deals of advantage to the enterprise.
    • 2017, EASO Country of Origin Information Report. Russian Federation. State Actors of Protection‎, →DOI, →ISBN, archived from the original on 5 June 2021, page 32:
      Semukhina and Reynolds mention underlying reasons for the widespread corruption: pre-Soviet and Soviet practices (especially the system of blat(191), which continued in the wake of the breakdown of the Soviet Union), institutional factors within the police (e.g. highly militarised structure, lack of accountability), a weak civil society, economic causes (maximising income and minimising risks) and a culture of ‘disrespect for the law’(192).
      Category:English terms with quotations#BLAT
Translations

Anagrams

Category:English onomatopoeias#BLAT

Catalan

Etymology

Category:Catalan terms derived from Germanic languages#BLATCategory:Catalan terms derived from Frankish#BLATCategory:Catalan terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BLATCategory:Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BLAT

Inherited from Early Medieval LatinCategory:Catalan terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin#BLATCategory:Catalan terms derived from Early Medieval Latin#BLAT bladum.

Pronunciation

Noun

blat m (uncountable)Category:Catalan lemmas#BLATCategory:Catalan nouns#BLATCategory:Catalan uncountable nouns#BLATCategory:Catalan entries with incorrect language header#BLATCategory:Catalan masculine nouns#BLATCategory:Pages with entries#BLATCategory:Pages with 11 entries#BLAT

  1. wheat

Derived terms

Further reading

Category:ca:Grains#BLATCategory:ca:Hordeeae tribe grasses#BLAT

Franco-Provençal

Noun

blatCategory:Franco-Provençal alternative forms#BLATCategory:Franco-Provençal entries with incorrect language header#BLATCategory:Pages with entries#BLATCategory:Pages with 11 entries#BLAT (ForézienCategory:Forézien#BLAT)

  1. alternative form of blât (“wheat”)

References

Maltese

Etymology

From ArabicCategory:Maltese terms inherited from Arabic#BLATCategory:Maltese terms derived from Arabic#BLAT بَلَاط (balāṭ, “tiles, paved surface”), eventually from Ancient GreekCategory:Maltese terms derived from Ancient Greek#BLAT πλατεῖα (plateîa).

Pronunciation

Noun

blat m (collective, singulative blata, plural blajjet or blejjet, paucal blatiet)Category:Maltese lemmas#BLATCategory:Maltese nouns#BLATCategory:Maltese collective nouns#BLATCategory:Maltese entries with incorrect language header#BLATCategory:Maltese masculine nouns#BLATCategory:Pages with entries#BLATCategory:Pages with 11 entries#BLAT

  1. rock (material, a mass or surface of it)
    • Traditional, “Ja ħanina”, performed by Frans Baldacchino:
      Fuq il-blata ġej u sejjer, fuq il-blata nerġa’ mmur.
      Għax hemmhekk għandi namrata, u xxejjirli bil-maktur.
      Ħanina, nitolbok ħaġa: Islifli ftit il-maktur!
      Dawk in-nies ma jkunux jafu, ’l ommok ma ngħidilhiex żgur.
      To the rock I come and go, on the rock I always walk,
      For I have my sweetheart there, and she waves to me with a handkerchief.
      Darling, one thing I ask of you: Lend me that handkerchief a while!
      Those people won’t even know, and I sure won’t tell your mum.
      Category:Maltese terms with quotations#BLAT
    • 1949, Anton Buttigieg, “Il-Ġebla tal-Ġeneral”, in Fanali bil-Lejl:
      u lili firdu minn mal-art għal dejjem,
      u jien sfajt blata u gżira l-aktar ċkejkna,
      bi ftit faqqiegħ u ftit gremxul sewdieni
      ngħix ħajja waħdi.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
      Category:Maltese terms with quotations#BLATCategory:Requests for translations of Maltese quotations#BLAT

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old DutchCategory:Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch#BLATCategory:Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch#BLAT *blat, from Proto-West GermanicCategory:Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#BLATCategory:Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#BLAT *blad, from Proto-GermanicCategory:Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#BLATCategory:Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BLAT *bladą.

Noun

blat nCategory:Middle Dutch lemmas#BLATCategory:Middle Dutch nouns#BLATCategory:Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header#BLATCategory:Middle Dutch neuter nouns#BLATCategory:Pages with entries#BLATCategory:Pages with 11 entries#BLAT

  1. leaf
  2. page (of a book)
  3. panel (in a door)
  4. tongue, blade
  5. any flat surface or object

Inflection

Strong neuter noun
singular plural
nominative blat blāde
accusative blat blāde
genitive blats, blāets, blādes blāde
dative blāde blāden
Category:Middle Dutch strong neuter nouns#BLATCategory:Middle Dutch nouns with open syllable lengthening#BLAT
Strong neuter noun
singular plural
nominative blat blāder, blādere
accusative blat blāder, blādere
genitive blats, blāets, blādes blāder, blādere
dative blāde blāderen
Category:Middle Dutch strong neuter nouns#BLATCategory:Middle Dutch nouns with open syllable lengthening#BLATCategory:Middle Dutch nouns with plural in -er#BLAT

Descendants

Further reading

Middle High German

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

    Inherited from Old High German blat.

    Category:Middle High German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰleh₃-#BLATCategory:Middle High German terms derived from Old High German#BLATCategory:Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BLATCategory:Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#BLATCategory:Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#BLATCategory:Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BLATCategory:Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#BLATCategory:Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German#BLATCategory:Middle High German entries with etymology texts#BLAT

    Noun

    blat nCategory:Middle High German lemmas#BLATCategory:Middle High German nouns#BLATCategory:Middle High German entries with incorrect language header#BLATCategory:Middle High German neuter nouns#BLATCategory:Pages with entries#BLATCategory:Pages with 11 entries#BLAT

    1. leaf
    Declension
    Declension of blat (strong neuter with null plural)
    singular plural
    indef. def. noun def. noun
    nominative ein daȥ blat diu blat
    genitive eines dës blates dër blate
    dative eime dëm blate dën blaten
    accusative ein daȥ blat diu blat
    Category:Middle High German strong neuter nouns with null plural#BLAT
    Descendants

    Etymology 2

      Borrowed from Old French plat.

      Category:Middle High German terms derived from Vulgar Latin#BLATCategory:Middle High German terms derived from Ancient Greek#BLATCategory:Middle High German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleth₂-#BLATCategory:Middle High German terms borrowed from Old French#BLATCategory:Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BLATCategory:Middle High German terms derived from Old French#BLATCategory:Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Hellenic#BLATCategory:Middle High German entries with etymology texts#BLAT

      Adjective

      blatCategory:Middle High German lemmas#BLATCategory:Middle High German adjectives#BLATCategory:Middle High German entries with incorrect language header#BLATCategory:Pages with entries#BLATCategory:Pages with 11 entries#BLAT

      1. flat
        Synonym: vlach
      Declension
      Positive forms of blat
      singular plural
      masculine feminine neuter nonneuter neuter
      strong declension nominative blater blatiu blateȥ blate blatiu
      genitive blates blater(e) blates blater(e)
      dative blatem(e) blater(e) blatem(e) blaten
      accusative blaten blate blateȥ blate blatiu
      weak declension nominative dër blate diu blate daȥ blate die blaten diu blaten
      genitive dës blaten dër blaten dës blaten dër blaten
      dative dëm blaten dër blaten dëm blaten dën blaten
      accusative dën blaten die blaten daȥ blate die blaten diu blaten
      Descendants

      References

      • Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “BLAT, stn”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
      • Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “BLAT adj”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
      • Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “blat”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch‎ (in German), 3rd edition

      Occitan

      Etymology

      Inherited from Early Medieval LatinCategory:Occitan terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin#BLATCategory:Occitan terms derived from Early Medieval Latin#BLAT bladum.

      Pronunciation

      Noun

      blat m (plural blats)Category:Occitan lemmas#BLATCategory:Occitan nouns#BLATCategory:Occitan countable nouns#BLATCategory:Occitan entries with incorrect language header#BLATCategory:Occitan masculine nouns#BLATCategory:Pages with entries#BLATCategory:Pages with 11 entries#BLAT

      1. wheat
      Category:oc:Grains#BLAT

      Old English

      Etymology

      From Proto-West GermanicCategory:Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#BLATCategory:Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#BLAT *blait, from Proto-GermanicCategory:Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#BLATCategory:Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BLAT *blaitaz. Cognate with Old High German bleizza (“stain, blue, livor”).

      Pronunciation

      Adjective

      blāt (comparative blātra, superlative blātast, adverb blāte)Category:Old English lemmas#BLATCategory:Old English adjectives#BLATCategory:Old English entries with incorrect language header#BLATCategory:Pages with entries#BLATCategory:Pages with 11 entries#BLAT

      1. pale, livid, ghastly

      Declension

      Derived terms

      Descendants

      Old High German

      Etymology

        Category:Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BLATCategory:Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#BLATCategory:Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#BLATCategory:Old High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BLATCategory:Old High German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰleh₃-#BLATCategory:Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#BLAT

        From Proto-West GermanicCategory:Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#BLATCategory:Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#BLAT *blad, from Proto-GermanicCategory:Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#BLATCategory:Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BLAT *bladą, whence also Old Saxon blad, Old English blæd, Old Norse blað. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:Old High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BLAT *bʰl̥h₃oto-, from *bʰleh₃-.

        Noun

        blat n (plural bletir)Category:Old High German lemmas#BLATCategory:Old High German nouns#BLATCategory:Old High German entries with incorrect language header#BLATCategory:Old High German neuter nouns#BLATCategory:Pages with entries#BLATCategory:Pages with 11 entries#BLAT

        1. leaf

        Descendants

        Category:goh:Plants#BLAT

        Polish

        blat

        Etymology

        Category:Polish terms derived from Middle High German#BLATCategory:Polish terms derived from Old High German#BLATCategory:Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#BLATCategory:Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BLATCategory:Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BLAT

        Borrowed from GermanCategory:Polish terms borrowed from German#BLATCategory:Polish terms derived from German#BLAT Blatt.

        Pronunciation

        Noun

        blat m inan (diminutive blacik)Category:Polish lemmas#BLATCategory:Polish nouns#BLATCategory:Polish entries with incorrect language header#BLATCategory:Polish masculine nouns#BLATCategory:Polish inanimate nouns#BLATCategory:Pages with entries#BLATCategory:Pages with 11 entries#BLAT

        1. counter, countertop, tabletop, top (top surface area of a piece of furniture)

        Declension

        Collocations

        Further reading

        • “blat”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎ (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
        • “blat”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎ (in Polish)
        Category:pl:Furniture#BLAT

        Romanian

        Etymology 1

        Borrowed from GermanCategory:Romanian terms borrowed from German#BLATCategory:Romanian terms derived from German#BLAT Blatt, from Middle High GermanCategory:Romanian terms derived from Middle High German#BLAT blat, plat, from Old High GermanCategory:Romanian terms derived from Old High German#BLAT blat, from Proto-West GermanicCategory:Romanian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#BLAT *blad (“leaf”), from Proto-GermanicCategory:Romanian terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BLAT *bladą (“leaf”); akin to Low German Blatt, Dutch blad, English blade, Danish and Swedish blad. Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon), Latin folium.

        Noun

        blat n (plural blaturi)Category:Romanian lemmas#BLATCategory:Romanian nouns#BLATCategory:Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines#BLATCategory:Romanian countable nouns#BLATCategory:Romanian entries with incorrect language header#BLATCategory:Romanian neuter nouns#BLATCategory:Pages with entries#BLATCategory:Pages with 11 entries#BLAT

        1. (cookingCategory:ro:Cooking#BLAT) sheet, layer
        Declension

        Etymology 2

        Borrowed from RussianCategory:Romanian terms borrowed from Russian#BLATCategory:Romanian terms derived from Russian#BLAT блат (blat, “cronyism”), from PolishCategory:Romanian terms derived from Polish#BLAT blat (“the flat surface of a table”) or YiddishCategory:Romanian terms derived from Yiddish#BLAT בלאַט (blat), from GermanCategory:Romanian terms derived from German#BLAT Blatt, from Middle High GermanCategory:Romanian terms derived from Middle High German#BLAT blat, plat, from Old High GermanCategory:Romanian terms derived from Old High German#BLAT blat, from Proto-West GermanicCategory:Romanian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#BLAT *blad (“leaf”), from Proto-GermanicCategory:Romanian terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BLAT *bladą (“leaf”).

        Noun

        blat n (plural blaturi)Category:Romanian lemmas#BLATCategory:Romanian nouns#BLATCategory:Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines#BLATCategory:Romanian countable nouns#BLATCategory:Romanian entries with incorrect language header#BLATCategory:Romanian neuter nouns#BLATCategory:Pages with entries#BLATCategory:Pages with 11 entries#BLAT

        1. (slangCategory:Romanian slang#BLAT) illegal activity, particularly travelling on a train without a ticket.
        2. (soccerCategory:ro:Football (soccer)#BLAT) match fixing
        Declension
        Derived terms
        Category:Catalan lemmas Category:Catalan masculine nouns Category:Catalan nouns Category:Catalan terms derived from Early Medieval Latin Category:Catalan terms derived from Frankish Category:Catalan terms derived from Germanic languages Category:Catalan terms derived from Proto-Germanic Category:Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European Category:Catalan terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin Category:Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Catalan terms with audio pronunciation Category:Catalan uncountable nouns Category:English 1-syllable words Category:English doublets Category:English intransitive verbs Category:English lemmas Category:English links with manual fragments Category:English nouns Category:English onomatopoeias Category:English terms borrowed from Russian Category:English terms derived from Polish Category:English terms derived from Russian Category:English terms derived from Yiddish Category:English terms with IPA pronunciation Category:English terms with audio pronunciation Category:English terms with quotations Category:English terms with usage examples Category:English transitive verbs Category:English uncountable nouns Category:English verbs Category:Entries with translation boxes Category:Forézien Category:Franco-Provençal alternative forms Category:Maltese 1-syllable words Category:Maltese collective nouns Category:Maltese lemmas Category:Maltese masculine nouns Category:Maltese nouns Category:Maltese terms derived from Ancient Greek Category:Maltese terms derived from Arabic Category:Maltese terms inherited from Arabic Category:Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Maltese terms with quotations Category:Middle Dutch lemmas Category:Middle Dutch neuter nouns Category:Middle Dutch nouns Category:Middle Dutch nouns with open syllable lengthening Category:Middle Dutch nouns with plural in -er Category:Middle Dutch strong neuter nouns Category:Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch Category:Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic Category:Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic Category:Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch Category:Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic Category:Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic Category:Middle High German adjectives Category:Middle High German entries with etymology texts Category:Middle High German lemmas Category:Middle High German neuter nouns Category:Middle High German nouns Category:Middle High German strong neuter nouns with null plural Category:Middle High German terms borrowed from Old French Category:Middle High German terms derived from Ancient Greek Category:Middle High German terms derived from Old French Category:Middle High German terms derived from Old High German Category:Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic Category:Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Hellenic Category:Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European Category:Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic Category:Middle High German terms derived from Vulgar Latin Category:Middle High German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰleh₃- Category:Middle High German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleth₂- Category:Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German Category:Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic Category:Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic Category:Middle High German terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Occitan countable nouns Category:Occitan lemmas Category:Occitan masculine nouns Category:Occitan nouns Category:Occitan terms derived from Early Medieval Latin Category:Occitan terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin Category:Occitan terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Occitan terms with audio pronunciation Category:Old English adjectives Category:Old English lemmas Category:Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic Category:Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic Category:Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic Category:Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic Category:Old English terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Old High German lemmas Category:Old High German neuter nouns Category:Old High German nouns Category:Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic Category:Old High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European Category:Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic Category:Old High German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰleh₃- Category:Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic Category:Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic Category:Pages with 11 entries Category:Pages with entries Category:Polish 1-syllable words Category:Polish inanimate nouns Category:Polish lemmas Category:Polish links with manual fragments Category:Polish links with redundant alt parameters Category:Polish links with redundant wikilinks Category:Polish masculine nouns Category:Polish nouns Category:Polish terms borrowed from German Category:Polish terms derived from German Category:Polish terms derived from Middle High German Category:Polish terms derived from Old High German Category:Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic Category:Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European Category:Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic Category:Polish terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Polish terms with audio pronunciation Category:Polish terms with collocations Category:Quotation templates to be cleaned Category:Requests for translations of Maltese quotations Category:Rhymes:Catalan/at Category:Rhymes:Catalan/at/1 syllable Category:Rhymes:English/æt Category:Rhymes:English/æt/1 syllable Category:Rhymes:Maltese/aːt Category:Rhymes:Maltese/aːt/1 syllable Category:Rhymes:Old English/ɑːt Category:Rhymes:Old English/ɑːt/1 syllable Category:Rhymes:Polish/at Category:Rhymes:Polish/at/1 syllable Category:Romanian countable nouns Category:Romanian lemmas Category:Romanian neuter nouns Category:Romanian nouns Category:Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines Category:Romanian slang Category:Romanian terms borrowed from German Category:Romanian terms borrowed from Russian Category:Romanian terms derived from German Category:Romanian terms derived from Middle High German Category:Romanian terms derived from Old High German Category:Romanian terms derived from Polish Category:Romanian terms derived from Proto-Germanic Category:Romanian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic Category:Romanian terms derived from Russian Category:Romanian terms derived from Yiddish Category:Terms with Armenian translations Category:Terms with Belarusian translations Category:Terms with Czech translations Category:Terms with Finnish translations Category:Terms with Italian translations Category:Terms with Mandarin translations Category:Terms with Polish translations Category:Terms with Russian translations Category:Terms with Spanish translations Category:Terms with Ukrainian translations Category:Terms with Yiddish translations Category:ca:Grains Category:ca:Hordeeae tribe grasses Category:goh:Plants Category:oc:Grains Category:pl:Furniture Category:ro:Cooking Category:ro:Football (soccer)