brain

See also: Brain

English

A human brain.

Etymology

    Inherited from Middle English brayn, from Old English bræġn, from Proto-West Germanic *bragn, from Proto-Germanic *bragną, from Proto-Indo-European *mregʰnom, from *mregʰ- + *-mn̥.

    Category:English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#BRAINCategory:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BRAINCategory:English terms derived from Middle English#BRAINCategory:English terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BRAINCategory:English terms inherited from Middle English#BRAINCategory:English terms derived from Old English#BRAINCategory:English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mregʰ-#BRAINCategory:English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#BRAINCategory:English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European#BRAINCategory:English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#BRAINCategory:English terms inherited from Old English#BRAINCategory:Pages with etymology trees#BRAINCategory:English entries with etymology trees#BRAINCategory:English entries with etymology texts#BRAINCategory:Pages using etymon with no ID#BRAIN

    Cognate with Scots braine, brane (brain), North Frisian brayen, brein, Brain (brain), Saterland Frisian Brainge, Bräienge (brain), West Frisian brein (brain), Dutch brein (brain), Low German Brägen, Bregen (brain) (whence German Bregen (animal brain)), Ancient Greek βρεχμός (brekhmós, front part of the skull, top of the head).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    brain (countable and uncountable, plural brains)Category:English lemmas#BRAINCategory:English nouns#BRAINCategory:English uncountable nouns#BRAINCategory:English countable nouns#BRAINCategory:English countable nouns#BRAINCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#BRAINCategory:Pages with entries#BRAINCategory:Pages with 5 entries#BRAIN

    1. The control center of the central nervous system of an animal located in the skull which is responsible for perception, cognition, attention, memory, emotion, and action.
      Synonyms: encephalon, harns; see also Thesaurus:brain
      • 1587, Philip of Mornay [i.e., Philippe de Mornay], “That there is but Onely One God”, in Philip Sidney, Arthur Golding, transl., A Woorke Concerning the Trewnesse of the Christian Religion, [], London: [] [John Charlewood and] George Robinson for Thomas Cadman, [], →OCLC, page 18:
        The Ueynes are ſpred foorth throughout the whole bodie, howbeit from one welhead, that is to ſay from the Liuer: ſo be the Sinews, howbeit from the Brayne; So likewiſe are the Heartſtrings, howbeit from the Heart.
        Category:English terms with quotations#BRAIN
      • 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 49:
        The brain of a calf, sheep, and pig, young and served fresh, is reputedly erotic in its effects.
        Category:English terms with quotations#BRAIN
      • 2013 July 19, Ian Sample, “Irregular bedtimes may affect children's brains”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 34:
        Irregular bedtimes may disrupt healthy brain development in young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits.  ¶ Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found.
        Category:English terms with quotations#BRAIN
      1. A part of the brain, especially associated with particular mental functions, abilities, etc.
        • 1892, Benjamin Ward Richardson, The Asclepiad, London, page 357:
          The left brain, or that which supplies and animates the right side of the body, is the most active brain, as a general rule.
          Category:English terms with quotations#BRAIN
        • 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 113:
          What is expressed in the lotus, the plumed serpent, or the staff of Osiris is the yogi's knowledge of the three brains of man. The first brain is the reptilian brain of the spinal cord, the brain of instinctive reflexes, the brain of the subconscious.
          Category:English terms with quotations#BRAIN
      2. (obsoleteCategory:English terms with obsolete senses#BRAIN) skull; head
        • 1690, “Preface to the Reader”, in A Full and True Relation of the Great and Wonderful Revolution That Hapned Lately in the Kingdom of Siam in the East-Indies, London: Randal Taylor, page ii:
          caused the young Princess, the King's only Daughter, to be taken and thrust into a large velvet Sack, and her Brains to be knockt out with great Bars
          Category:English terms with quotations#BRAIN
    2. (informalCategory:English informal terms#BRAIN) Mind.
      I have too much on my brain today.Category:English terms with usage examples#BRAIN
    3. (in the plural) Intellect.
      • 2008 Quaker Action (magazine) Rights trampled in rush to deport immigrant workers, Fall 2008, Vol. 89, No. 3, p. 8:
        "We provided a lot of brains and a lot of heart to the response when it was needed," says Sandra Sanchez, director of AFSC's Immigrants' Voice Program in Des Moines.
    4. (informalCategory:English informal terms#BRAIN) An intelligent person.
      Synonyms: see Thesaurus:genius
      1. (plural onlyCategory:English pluralia tantum#BRAIN) A person who provides the intelligence required for something.
        He is the brains behind the scheme.Category:English terms with usage examples#BRAIN
      2. (in the singular) An intellectual or mental capacity.
        Gerald always acts like he doesn't have a brain.Category:English terms with usage examples#BRAIN
    5. By analogy with a human brain, the part of a machine or computer that performs calculations.
      The computer's brain is capable of millions of calculations a second.Category:English terms with usage examples#BRAIN
    6. (slangCategory:English slang#BRAIN, vulgarCategory:English vulgarities#BRAIN, uncountableCategory:English uncountable nouns#BRAIN) Oral sex.
    7. A loose compartment of a backpack that straps on over the top opening.

    Alternative forms

    Derived terms

    Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

    See also

    Verb

    brain (third-person singular simple present brains, present participle braining, simple past and past participle brained)Category:English lemmas#BRAINCategory:English verbs#BRAINCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#BRAINCategory:Pages with entries#BRAINCategory:Pages with 5 entries#BRAIN

    1. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BRAIN) To dash out the brains of; to kill by smashing the skull.
    2. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BRAIN) To strike (someone) on the head.
      • 2014, K.J. Charles, Think of England, page 166:
        Lambdon would require medical attention for a fractured skull. It seemed that Fen had passed his wife a couple of telling pictures, whereupon the drab Mrs. Lambdon had brained her husband with a table lamp.
        Category:English terms with quotations#BRAIN
    3. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BRAIN, figurative) To destroy; to put an end to.
    4. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BRAIN, obsoleteCategory:English terms with obsolete senses#BRAIN) To conceive in the mind; to understand.
    5. (intransitiveCategory:English intransitive verbs#BRAIN, nonstandardCategory:English nonstandard terms#BRAIN, humorousCategory:English humorous terms#BRAIN) To think effectively.
      My brain isn't braining right now.Category:English terms with usage examples#BRAIN

    Quotations

    Translations

    Further reading

    Anagrams

    Category:en:Organs#BRAIN Category:en:Violence#BRAIN

    Irish

    Noun

    brain mCategory:Irish non-lemma forms#BRAINCategory:Irish noun forms#BRAINCategory:Irish entries with incorrect language header#BRAINCategory:Pages with entries#BRAINCategory:Pages with 5 entries#BRAIN

    1. inflection of bran:
      1. vocative/genitive singular
      2. nominative/dative plural

    Mutation

    Mutated forms of brain
    radical lenition eclipsis
    brain bhrain mbrain

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Middle English

    Noun

    brainCategory:Middle English alternative forms#BRAINCategory:Middle English entries with incorrect language header#BRAINCategory:Pages with entries#BRAINCategory:Pages with 5 entries#BRAIN

    1. alternative form of brayn

    Old Irish

    Alternative forms

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    brain mCategory:Old Irish non-lemma forms#BRAINCategory:Old Irish noun forms#BRAINCategory:Old Irish entries with incorrect language header#BRAINCategory:Pages with entries#BRAINCategory:Pages with 5 entries#BRAIN

    1. inflection of bran:
      1. vocative/genitive singular
      2. nominative plural

    Mutation

    Mutation of brain
    radicallenitionnasalization
    brainbrain
    pronounced with /β-/
    mbrain

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Welsh

    Pronunciation

    Etymology 1

    Noun

    brain m plCategory:Welsh non-lemma forms#BRAINCategory:Welsh noun forms#BRAINCategory:Welsh entries with incorrect language header#BRAINCategory:Pages with entries#BRAINCategory:Pages with 5 entries#BRAIN

    1. plural of brân (crow)

    Etymology 2

    Noun

    brain m or f (plural breiniau or breinau or breinioedd or breinion)Category:Welsh lemmas#BRAINCategory:Welsh nouns#BRAINCategory:Welsh countable nouns#BRAINCategory:Welsh entries with incorrect language header#BRAINCategory:Welsh masculine nouns#BRAINCategory:Welsh feminine nouns#BRAINCategory:Welsh nouns with multiple genders#BRAINCategory:Pages with entries#BRAINCategory:Pages with 5 entries#BRAINCategory:Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines#BRAINCategory:Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines#BRAINCategory:Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines#BRAIN

    1. alternative form of braint (honour)

    Mutation

    Mutated forms of brain
    radical soft nasal aspirate
    brain frain mrain unchanged

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    References

    • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “brain”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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