Etymology

Clipping of caelumCategory:Latin clippings#CAEL. Attributed to Ennius by the poet Ausonius in his Technopaegnion.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈkae̯ɫ]Category:Latin 1-syllable words#CAELCategory:Latin terms with IPA pronunciation#CAEL
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈt͡ʃɛl]Category:Latin 1-syllable words#CAELCategory:Latin terms with IPA pronunciation#CAEL

Noun

cael n or m (indeclinable)Category:Latin lemmas#CAELCategory:Latin nouns#CAELCategory:Latin indeclinable nouns#CAELCategory:Latin neuter indeclinable nouns#CAELCategory:Latin masculine indeclinable nouns#CAELCategory:Latin entries with incorrect language header#CAELCategory:Latin neuter nouns#CAELCategory:Latin masculine nouns#CAELCategory:Latin nouns with multiple genders#CAELCategory:Pages with entries#CAELCategory:Pages with 2 entries#CAEL (archaicCategory:Latin archaic terms#CAEL, poeticCategory:Latin poetic terms#CAEL, hapax legomenonCategory:Latin hapax legomena#CAEL)

1. clipping of caelum (“sky, heaven”)Category:Latin clippings#CAEL

Alternative forms

• caffael, caffel

Etymology

A complex, suppletive merger of two separate Celtic verbs into one paradigm.

• The forms outside of the present first-person singular that contain an -f- or -ff-, and also cas, come from Middle WelshCategory:Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh#CAELCategory:Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh#CAEL caffael, from Old WelshCategory:Welsh terms inherited from Old Welsh#CAELCategory:Welsh terms derived from Old Welsh#CAEL cephitor (pres. impersonal) and cepi (pres. 2sg.), from Proto-BrythonicCategory:Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic#CAELCategory:Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic#CAEL *kėβɨd, from Proto-CelticCategory:Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic#CAELCategory:Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic#CAEL *gabyeti (“to take”). Compare Cornish kavos and Breton kavout.
• The other forms without an -f- or -ff- (and pres. 1sg. caf) are from Middle WelshCategory:Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh#CAELCategory:Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh#CAEL cael, from Old WelshCategory:Welsh terms inherited from Old Welsh#CAELCategory:Welsh terms derived from Old Welsh#CAEL ci (pres. 2sg.), from Proto-BrythonicCategory:Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic#CAELCategory:Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic#CAEL *kėɣɨd, from Proto-CelticCategory:Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic#CAELCategory:Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic#CAEL *kageti (“to get”), a derivative of Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#CAEL *kagʰ- (“to hold”).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): (standard) /kaːɨ̯l/, (colloquial) /kaːl/Category:Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation#CAEL
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): (standard) /kai̯l/, (colloquial) /kaːl/Category:Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation#CAEL

• Audio:

  (file)

  Category:Welsh terms with audio pronunciation#CAEL
• Rhymes: -aːɨ̯l, -aːlCategory:Rhymes:Welsh/aːɨ̯l#CAELCategory:Rhymes:Welsh/aːɨ̯l/1 syllable#CAELCategory:Rhymes:Welsh/aːl#CAELCategory:Rhymes:Welsh/aːl/1 syllable#CAEL

Verb

cael (first-person singular present caf)Category:Welsh lemmas#CAELCategory:Welsh verbs#CAELCategory:Welsh irregular verbs#CAELCategory:Welsh entries with incorrect language header#CAELCategory:Pages with entries#CAELCategory:Pages with 2 entries#CAEL

1. to get, receive; to have (experience)

   cael anrheg ― to get a presentCategory:Welsh terms with usage examples#CAEL

   cael brecwast ― to have breakfast, to get breakfastCategory:Welsh terms with usage examples#CAEL

   cael gair ― to have a wordCategory:Welsh terms with usage examples#CAEL

2. (chiefly future or conditional tense) to get to, be allowed to, may (with a verbal noun)

   Gawn ni weld y ffilm hwyr heno?

   Will we get to see/May we see the late film tonight?

   Category:Welsh terms with usage examples#CAEL

   Cewch.

   Yes (you may).

   Category:Welsh terms with usage examples#CAEL

   Gaen ni fynd allan pe tasen ni'n gorffen ein gwaith cartre?

   Might we go out/Would we be allowed to go out if we finished our homework?

   Category:Welsh terms with usage examples#CAEL

   1. to be allowed to have, may have (with a noun)

      Cei di ddiod.

      You may have a drink.

      Category:Welsh terms with usage examples#CAEL

      Ga i docyn i Gaerdydd?

      May I have a ticket to Cardiff?

      Category:Welsh terms with usage examples#CAEL

3. (chiefly informalCategory:Welsh informal terms#CAEL, colloquialCategory:Welsh colloquialisms#CAEL) used with a possessive determiner (agreeing with the subject) and a verbal noun to form a construction with passive meaning

   Mae’r tŷ’n cael ei godi.

   The house is being built.

   (literally, “The house is having its building.”)

   Category:Welsh terms with usage examples#CAEL

   Gaeth Terry ei tharo gan bêl eira.

   Terry was hit (got hit) by a snowball.

   Category:Welsh terms with usage examples#CAEL

Mutation

Further reading

• D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “cael”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “cael”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies