Wikimore

See also: ㄉ and 力

刀	U+5200, 刀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5200

← 凿
[U+51FF]

CJK Unified Ideographs Category:CJK Unified Ideographs block#*0000020992

刁 →
[U+5201]

Category:Han script characters#%20

Category:Character boxes with images#*0000012049

⼑	U+2F11, ⼑ KANGXI RADICAL KNIFE

← ⼐
[U+2F10]

Kangxi Radicals Category:Kangxi Radicals block#*0000012049

⼒ →
[U+2F12]

Category:Han script characters#%20

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Alternative forms

刂 (when used as a right radical component)
⺈ (when used as a top component)

Han character

See images of
Radical 18 刀

Category:Han character radicals#%20

刀Category:Translingual lemmas#刀00刀 Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#刀00刀 Category:Translingual symbols#刀00刀 Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#刀00刀 Category:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#刀00刀 Category:Pages with entries#刀 Category:Pages with 6 entries#刀 Category:Pages with raw sortkeys#刀 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+0, 2 strokes, Cangjie input 尸竹 (SH), four-corner 1722₀, composition ⿹𠃌丿)

Category:Han script characters#刀00刀 Category:Translingual Han characters with definition lines#刀

Kangxi radical #18, ⼑.

Derived characters

Additional Derived Characters

𫢈, 𱘦, 𪥂, 𭑪, 𣱼, 𨸓, 𫼔, 𣃗, 𣬞, 𭸵, 𰮁, 𥘉, 𤿇, 𥐛, 𰨛, 𬇉, 𮕝, 𰴩, 𰸁, 𩉛, 𬀶, 𪐛, 𪔹
𣬞, 𪠤, 𰏑, 𲉧, 𬰿, 𠬛, 𡔛, 𡴻, 𢖫, 𬅷, 𭷔, 𤰄, 𥁀, 𭇌, 𠱛, 𧌣, 𤎘, 𬺳, 𦦟, 𣱕, 𢦓, 𤴬, 𠥭

Descendants

ㄉ (Zhuyin alphabet)
ㆵ (Bopomofo extended character)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 135, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1845
Dae Jaweon: page 304, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 319, character 12
Unihan data for U+5200

Chinese

simp. and trad.		刀
alternative forms		𠚣

Wikipedia has articles on:

刀 (消歧義) / 刀 (消歧义) (Chinese)
刀 (搞清楚) (Cantonese)
刀 (Gan)
Tô (Hakka)
刀 (Min Nan)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 刀
Shang		Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (刀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
刀	*taːw
忉	*taːw
魛	*taːw
舠	*taːw
朷	taːw, moːɡ
叨	tuːw, l̥ʰaːw
倒	taːwʔ, taːws
到	*taːws
菿	taːws, rtaːwɢ
鞀	*deːw
鳭	rteːw, teːw
灱	*hreːw
菬	sdew, tjewʔ
超	*tʰew
怊	tʰew, tʰjew
欩	*tʰew
召	dews, djews
昭	*tjew
招	*tjew
鉊	*tjew
沼	*tjewʔ
照	*tjews
詔	*tjews
炤	*tjews
弨	tʰjew, tʰjewʔ
眧	*tʰjewʔ
韶	*djew
佋	djew, djewʔ
軺	djew, lew
玿	*djew
柖	*djew
紹	*djewʔ
袑	*djewʔ
綤	*djewʔ
邵	*djews
劭	*djews
卲	*djews
刁	*teːw
芀	teːw, deːw
貂	*teːw
蛁	*teːw
迢	*deːw
苕	*deːw
髫	*deːw
岧	*deːw

Pictogram (象形)Category:Han pictograms#刀00 – a knife. The original form was 𠚣, which can be found in a variant of 利, 𥝢 (in turn used on the top of the character 黎).

Etymology 1

Unclear. Here are several proposals:

Schuessler (2007) considers this to be an area word or a word widely borrowed from Chinese into other languages; compare Proto-Karen *ʔdɔ (“knife”), Jingpho [script needed]Category:Requests for native script for Jingpho terms#刀 (n³¹-do³¹, “short knife”), Proto-Vietic *-taːw (“knife”), Bulo Stieng taaw;
Stephen Baron posits Proto-Sino-Tibetan Category:Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan#刀00 Category:Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan#刀00 *s-ta-w, with a sparsely attested suffix *-w retained in Sinitic yet lost in Tibeto-Burman, yielding Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-ta (“knife; axe; sword”); compare Tibetan སྟ་རེ (sta re, “axe; hatchet”), Burmese ဓား (dha:, “knife; sword”), Proto-Loloish *ta² (“knife”) (STEDT);
Starostin derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan Category:Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan#刀00 Category:Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan#刀00 *tā̆w ~ *dā̆w, comparing it to Tibetan སྟེའུ (ste'u, “carpenter's axe, adze”) and Jingpho nhtu (“sword”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): dāo (dao¹Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#刀)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄠ

Category:Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dao¹

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): dǎo

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): dào

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): до (do, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dou¹

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): dou¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): au^1* / au¹
Gan (Wiktionary): dau¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): tô

(Hailu, HRS): do^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): dau¹
Jin (Wiktionary): dau¹
Northern Min (KCR): dáu
Eastern Min (BUC): dŏ̤
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): do¹ / dor¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): to

(Teochew, Peng'im): do¹

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): do¹ / dao¹
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): daau¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹tau
- (Jinhua): ¹tau
Xiang
(Changsha, Wiktionary): dau¹

(Loudi, Wiktionary): deu¹

(Hengyang, Wiktionary): dau¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dao
  - Wade–Giles: tao¹
  - Yale: dāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dau
  - Palladius: дао (dao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: dao¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: dǎo
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau²¹/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: dào
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): dao¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔ³¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: до (do, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dou¹
  - Yale: dōu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dou¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dou¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tou̯⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: dou¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔu²¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: au^1* / au¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /au³³⁻³³⁵/, /au³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: dau¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tô
  - Hakka Romanization System: do^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: do¹
  - Sinological IPA: /to²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: do^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /to⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: dau¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tau⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: dau¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tau¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dáu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dŏ̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /to⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: do¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: deo
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /to⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: do¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /to⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: dor¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: do̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɒ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: dor¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɒ⁵⁴⁴/

Note:

do1 - vernacular;
dor1 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to
  - Tâi-lô: to
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doy
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /to³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /to⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: do¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: to
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /to³³/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: do¹ / dao¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tɔ³⁵/, /tau³⁵/

Note:

do1 - vernacular;
dao1 - literary.

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: daau¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau⁵³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ¹tau
  - MiniDict: tau^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tɔ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /tɔ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ɗɔ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /tɔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /tæ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /tɔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /taɯ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /tɔ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /tɔ³³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /tɒ⁵²/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /tɔ⁵²/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /tɔ⁵³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ¹tau
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /tɑu³³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: dau¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɒu̯³³/
- (Loudi)
  - Wiktionary: deu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɤ⁴⁴/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary: dau¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑʊ̯⁴⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 刀
Mandarin	Beijing	/tɑu⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/tau⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/tɑu²¹/
	Jinan	/tɔ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tɔ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/tau²⁴/
	Xi'an	/tau²¹/
	Xining	/tɔ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/tɔ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/tɔ³¹/
	Ürümqi	/tɔ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/tau⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/tau⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/tao⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/tɔ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/tɔo³¹/
	Hefei	/tɔ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tau¹¹/
	Pingyao	/tɔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/tɔ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/tɔ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/tæ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/tɔ³³/
	Wenzhou	/tɜ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/tɔ³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/tə¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/tau³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/taɯ³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/tɑu⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/tau⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/to²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tou⁵³/
	Nanning	/tu⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/tou⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/to⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/to⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/tau⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/to³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔdo²³/

Middle Chinese: taw

Rime
Character	刀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	都勞切
Baxter	taw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/tɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/tɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/taw/
Li Rong	/tɑu/
Wang Li	/tɑu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dou¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.tˤaw/

(Zhengzhang): /*taːw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	刀
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dāo
Middle Chinese	‹ taw ›
Old Chinese	/*C.tˁaw/
English	knife
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	刀
Reading #	1/1
No.	2108
Phonetic component	刀
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*taːw/

Definitions

刀Category:Chinese lemmas#刀00 Category:Chinese hanzi#刀00 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#刀00 Category:Pages with entries#刀 Category:Pages with 6 entries#刀 Category:Pages with raw sortkeys#刀

knife; blade (Classifier: 把 m c g h j mb md w x; 張／张 c h; 叢／丛 mn; 支 mn mn-t)Category:Chinese nouns classified by 把#刀00 Category:Chinese nouns classified by 張/张#刀00 Category:Chinese nouns classified by 叢/丛#刀00 Category:Chinese nouns classified by 支#刀00
single-edged sword; cutlass
Classifier for sets of one hundred sheets of paper.
Classifier for incisions with a knife, blade, single-edged sword, etc.
- 2018, “心肝插一刀”, in 我若是黃倩倩 [CHANGE]‎, performed by 黃妃 [Huang Fei]:
  
  愛將我的我的心肝插一刀 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  爱将我的我的心肝插一刀 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  ài chiong góa ê góa ê sim-koaⁿ chhah chi̍t to [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  Love has stabbed my, my heart with a knife
  Category:Hokkien terms with quotations
(neologism Category:Chinese neologisms#刀00, Internet Category:zh:Internet#刀00) to bargain; to negotiate on price
- 轉一張 1026 上海演唱會門票，原價 880，可小刀。 [MSC, trad.]
  转一张 1026 上海演唱会门票，原价 880，可小刀。 [MSC, simp.]
  From:
  Zhuǎn yī zhāng 10 26 shànghǎi yǎnchànghuì ménpiào, yuánjià 880, kě xiǎo dāo. [Pinyin]
  Reselling an October 26 Shanghai concert ticket, original price 880, small negotiations available.
  Category:Mandarin terms with quotations
a surnameCategory:Chinese surnames#刀00 (only common among Tai people)
刀世勛／刀世勋 ― Dāo Shìxūn ― Dao Shixun (Chinese politician and the last native chief of Xishuangbanna)Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples

Synonyms

(knife):

Dialectal synonyms of 刀 (“knife; blade”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		刀
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	刀
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	刀
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	刀
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	刀
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	刀
	Wuhan	刀, 刀子
	Guilin	刀
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	刀
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	刀
Cantonese	Guangzhou	刀
	Hong Kong	刀
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	刀
	Macau	刀
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	刀
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	刀
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	刀
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	刀
	Foshan	刀
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	刀
	Foshan (Shunde)	刀
	Foshan (Sanshui)	刀
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	刀
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	刀
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	刀
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	刀
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	刀
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	刀
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	刀
	Taishan	刀
	Kaiping (Chikan)	刀
	Enping (Niujiang)	刀
	Heshan (Yayao)	刀
	Dongguan	刀
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	刀
	Yangjiang	刀
	Singapore (Guangfu)	刀
Gan	Nanchang	刀
Hakka	Meixian	刀
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	刀
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	刀
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	刀
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	刀
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	刀
Jin	Taiyuan	刀子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	刀
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	刀
Southern Min	Xiamen	刀
	Quanzhou	刀
	Zhangzhou	刀
	Penang (Hokkien)	刀
	Singapore (Hokkien)	刀
	Chaozhou	刀
	Singapore (Teochew)	刀
	Leizhou	刀, 利 euphemistic
	Singapore (Hainanese)	刀
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	刀
Wu	Suzhou	刀
Wu	Wenzhou	刀
Xiang	Changsha	刀
Xiang	Shuangfeng	刀, 刀子

(to bargain):

edit

出價 / 出价 (Hokkien)
砍價 / 砍价 (kǎnjià) (colloquial)
討價 / 讨价 (tǎojià)
討價還價 / 讨价还价 (tǎojiàhuánjià)
講價 / 讲价 (jiǎngjià)
講價錢 / 讲价钱 (jiǎng jiàqián)
議價 / 议价 (yìjià)
還價 / 还价 (huánjià)
駁價 / 驳价 (bójià)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (刀):

→ Japanese: 刀(とう) (tō)
→ Korean: 도(刀) (do)
→ Vietnamese: đao (刀Category:Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes#刀)

Others:

→ Khmer: ដាវ (daaw)
→ Vietnamese: dao
→ White Hmong: tob
→ English: dao

Etymology 2

From English Category:Chinese terms derived from English#刀00 dollarCategory:English links with redundant target parameters#刀.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dāo (dao¹Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#刀)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄠ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dao
  - Wade–Giles: tao¹
  - Yale: dāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dau
  - Palladius: дао (dao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Category:Chinese lemmas#刀00 Category:Mandarin lemmas#刀00 Category:Chinese hanzi#刀00 Category:Mandarin hanzi#刀00 Category:Chinese classifiers#刀00 Category:Mandarin classifiers#刀00 Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation#刀00 Category:Chinese terms spelled with 刀#刀00

Definitions

刀Category:Chinese lemmas#刀00 Category:Chinese hanzi#刀00 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#刀00 Category:Pages with entries#刀 Category:Pages with 6 entries#刀 Category:Pages with raw sortkeys#刀

(Mandarin Category:Mandarin Chinese#刀00, neologism Category:Chinese neologisms#刀00, colloquial Category:Chinese colloquialisms#刀00) dollar

Synonyms

(Cantonese) 蚊 (wén)

Compounds

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 刀Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#刀 Category:Chinese links with redundant alt parameters#刀 – see 刁 (“treacherous; crafty; deceitful; to tempt; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 刁).

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

刀

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji

刀

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Category:Japanese kanji#刀00 Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#刀00 Category:Japanese second grade kanji#刀00 Category:Japanese kyōiku kanji#刀00 Category:Japanese jōyō kanji#刀00

Readings

Compounds

Compounds with irregular readings of 刀

薙(なぎ)刀(なた) (naginata): a traditional Japanese halberd
太刀(たち) (tachi): a traditional Japanese longsword
馬刀(まて)貝(がい) (mategai): a razor clam

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
刀
かたな Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
釖 (uncommon, obsolete) 𫦫 (rare, obsolete)

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 刀 read as かたな#かたな Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#かたな Category:Japanese terms read with kun'yomi#かたな

From Old Japanese Category:Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese#かたな Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#かたな Category:Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese#かたな. 刀 first appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.^[1] The furigana カ・タ・ナ for the phonetic attestation of katana only appears centuries later; however, the reading of 刀 in the Nihon Shoki and the Man'yoshu has been generally interpreted as identical to the reconstructed Proto-Japonic Category:Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic#かたな Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#かたな Category:Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic#かたな *katana.

Commonly suggested as a compound of 片 (kata, “one side”)Category:Japanese compound terms#かたな Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#かたな + な (na, “edge”).^[2]^[3]^[4] This na element is spelled in monolingual Japanese sources as 刃 (“edge, blade”), but there is no historical attestation for any na reading for this character. A comparison with Middle Korean ᄂᆞᆶ〮 (nólh, “blade”) and modern Korean 날 (nal) suggests a Koreanic Category:Japanese terms derived from Koreanic languages#かたな origin for this latter element. Vovin suggests an Old Korean coordinate term *xʌtʌŋ-nʌrh, due to the nature of the introduction of the specific type of single-edged sabers that are used with katana, mostly introduced from Korea from the 11th century onwards.^[5] Compare 直刀 chokuto for a more common reading of 刀 (“sword”) prior to the 11th century.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かたな [kàtánáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])^[3]^[6]^[7]
(Tokyo) かたな [kàtáꜜnà] (Nakadaka – [2])^[3]^[6]^[7]
IPA^(key): [ka̠ta̠na̠]Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation#かたな

Category:Japanese terms with Odaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)#かたな Category:Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)#かたな Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent#かたな

Noun

[from 720] (weaponry Category:ja:Weapons#かたな Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#かたな) a single-edged sword, such as a katana
Coordinate terms: 剣 (tsurugi, “double-edged sword”), 脇差 (wakizashi, “traditional Japanese shortsword”), 短刀 (tantō, “traditional Japanese knife or dagger”), 大小 (daishō, ““big and small”: the katana and wakizashi as a set”)
- 1999 September 23, “鎧(よろい)武(む)者(しゃ)ゾンビ [Armored Musha Zombie]”, in Vol.5, Konami:
  
  怨(おん)念(ねん)により蘇(よみがえ)った武(む)者(しゃ)。闇(やみ)雲(くも)にふりまわすカタナに注(ちゅう)意(い)。
  Onnen ni yori yomigaetta musha. Yamikumo ni furimawasu katana ni chūi.
  A musha reanimated by deep hatred. Watch out when he brandishes his katana.
  Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#かたな Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#かたな
[from 934] a small single-edged blade
Synonym: 切れ物 (kiremono)

Derived terms

刀(かたな)市(いち) (katana ichi): a sword market
刀(かたな)引(びき) (katanabiki): giving a sword worn on one's hip to another as a gift at a banquet or other social gathering
小(こ)刀(がたな) (kogatana): a small knife, a penknife, a pocketknife, a jackknife
腰(こし)刀(がたな) (koshigatana): a hip-sword, smaller than a katana and with no 鍔 (tsuba, “sword guard”)

Idioms

刀(かたな)折(お)れ矢(や)尽(つ)きる (katana ore ya tsukiru): “swords bent, out of arrows” → completely routed, a complete loss in battle
刀(かたな)に懸(か)けて (katana ni kakete): “[depending, swearing] on one's sword” → a metaphor for firm resolve to see something through
刀(かたな)の錆(さ)び (katana no sabi): “sword rust” → a metaphor for killing someone or being killed, from the way that blood can cause the steel of a sword to rust; a derogatory term for someone who isn't even worth soiling a sword

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
刀
とう Grade: 2
kan'on

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 刀 read as とう#とう Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#とう Category:Japanese terms read with kan'on#とう

/tau/ → /tɔː/ → /toː/

Ultimately from Middle Chinese Category:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese#とう Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#とう刀 (MC taw). Compare modern Mandarin 刀 (dāo)Category:Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations#刀.

First cited as an independent noun to a text from 1895.^[2] Cited in compounds since at least the 800s CE.^[2]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とー [tóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]^[6]^[7]
IPA^(key): [to̞ː]Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation#かたな

Category:Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)#かたな Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent#かたな

Noun

[from 1908] a sword, a katana
Synonyms: 刀 (katana), 刀剣 (tōken)
[from 1895] a scalpel, such as that used by a surgeon
Synonym: メス (mesu)
[from 1913] a kind of bronze or copper money in ancient China, shaped a bit like a sword
Synonyms: 刀銭 (tōsen), 刀泉 (tōsen)

Derived terms

Terms beginning with 刀:

刀(とう)下(か) (tōka): the underside or back of a blade
刀(とう)架(か) (tōka): a sword stand
刀(とう)剣(けん) (tōken): a sword in general, either single- or double-bladed
刀(とう)工(こう) (tōkō): a swordsmith
刀(とう)貨(せん) (tōsen): a kind of bronze or copper money in ancient China, shaped a bit like a sword

Terms ending with 刀:

斬(ざん)馬(ば)刀(とう) (zanbatō): an especially large, curved sword
小(しょう)刀(とう) (shōtō): a small knife, short sword
大(だい)刀(とう) (daitō): a long sword, a katana
短(たん)刀(とう) (tantō): a short sword
直(ちょく)刀(とう) (chokutō): a straight sword
日(に)本(ほん)刀(とう) (nihontō): a katana, a Japanese sword, a long sword with a single-edge
木(ぼく)刀(とう) (bokutō): a wooden sword

References

↑ “刀”, in 日本国語大辞典Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#刀 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#刀 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
1 2 3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#刀 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#刀 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#刀 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#刀 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ Vovin, Alexander (2008), “Shinsei no Ken to Mahō no Hire - Gengogaku to Rekishigaku no Setten [Sacred Sword and Magic Scarf - A Contact of Linguistics and History]”, in Kodai Higashi Ajia Kōryū no Sōgōteki Kenkyū [Comprehensive Research on (Cultural) Interactions in Ancient East Asia] (in Japanese), Kyōto: Ningen Bunka Kenkyū Kikō Kokusai Nihon Bunka Kenkyū Sentā, pages 455-468
1 2 3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
1 2 3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#刀 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#刀 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“刀”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Category:ja:Swords#とう Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#とう

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese Category:Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese#도 Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#도 刀 (MC taw).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	도ᇢ (Yale: twòw)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	갈〮Category:Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks#刀 (Yale: kál)	도 (Yale: twò)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [to̞]
Phonetic hangul: [도]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

刀

刀 (eumhun 칼 도 (kal do))Category:Korean lemmas#도 Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#도 Category:Korean hanja#도 Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#도 Category:Pages with entries#刀 Category:Pages with 6 entries#刀 Category:Pages with raw sortkeys#刀

hanja form^? of 도 (“sword; knife”)Category:Korean hanja forms#刀 [affix]

Compounds

단도 (短刀, dando)
대도 (大刀, daedo)
도검 (刀劍, dogeom)
도공 (刀工, dogong)
도병 (刀兵, dobyeong)
도장 (刀匠, dojang)
면도 (面刀, myeondo)
명도 (名刀, myeongdo)
석도 (石刀, seokdo)
쌍도 (雙刀, ssangdo)
장도 (長刀, jangdo)
죽도 (竹刀, jukdo)
집도 (執刀, jipdo)
환도 (環刀, hwando)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Old Korean

Particle

刀 (*-two)Category:Old Korean lemmas#刀 Category:Old Korean particles#刀 Category:Old Korean entries with incorrect language header#刀 Category:Pages with entries#刀 Category:Pages with 6 entries#刀 Category:Pages with raw sortkeys#刀

as well; too; either, or (negative) neither, nor

Descendants

Middle Korean: -도〮 (-twó)Category:Middle Korean terms with redundant transliterations#刀
- Korean: -도 (-do)

Vietnamese

Han character

刀: Hán Việt readings: đao^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán#刀00 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters
刀: Nôm readings: dao^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7], đeo^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[6]^[7], đau^[1]^[2], đèo^[1]^[3], đao^[1]Category:Vietnamese Nom#刀00 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters

chữ Hán form of đao (“Chinese sabre”)Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán
chữ Nôm form of dao (“knife”)Category:Vietnamese Nom
chữ Nôm form of đao (“used in lao đao (“unsteady; hard; full of hardships”)”)Category:Vietnamese Nom
chữ Nôm form of đau (“to be hurt; hurt; wounded”)Category:Vietnamese Nom
chữ Nôm form of đeo (“to carry by hanging onto your body”)Category:Vietnamese Nom
chữ Nôm form of đèo (“to carry (on one's back); to transport”)Category:Vietnamese Nom

Compounds

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 Nguyễn (2014).
1 2 3 4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
1 2 3 4 Trần (2004).
1 2 3 Hồ (1976).
1 2 Bonet (1899).
1 2 3 Génibrel (1898).
1 2 3 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Category:CJKV radicals#%20

[KDJ2-1] “刀”, in 日本国語大辞典Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#刀 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#刀 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[KDJ-2] 1 2 3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-3] 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#刀 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#刀 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJS-4] Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#刀 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#刀 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[5] Vovin, Alexander (2008), “Shinsei no Ken to Mahō no Hire - Gengogaku to Rekishigaku no Setten [Sacred Sword and Magic Scarf - A Contact of Linguistics and History]”, in Kodai Higashi Ajia Kōryū no Sōgōteki Kenkyū [Comprehensive Research on (Cultural) Interactions in Ancient East Asia] (in Japanese), Kyōto: Ningen Bunka Kenkyū Kikō Kokusai Nihon Bunka Kenkyū Sentā, pages 455-468

[NHK-6] 1 2 3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-7] 1 2 3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#刀 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#刀 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[tdcndg-8] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-9] 1 2 3 4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-10] 1 2 3 4 Trần (2004).

[btcn-11] 1 2 3 Hồ (1976).

[bonet-12] 1 2 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-13] 1 2 3 Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-14] 1 2 3 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

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Wikimore

刀

Translingual

Alternative forms

Han character

Derived characters

Descendants

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 3

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Idioms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Affix

Noun

Derived terms

References

Korean

Etymology

Pronunciation

Hanja

Compounds

References

Old Korean

Particle

Descendants

Vietnamese

Han character

Compounds

References