Wikimore

Chinese

		to exert; to strive	power; force; strength
trad. (努力)		努	力
simp. ^#(努力)		努	力

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): nǔlì

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ
Category:Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
Cantonese (Jyutping): nou⁵ lik⁶
Category:Cantonese terms with audio pronunciation#力05力00
Gan (Wiktionary): lu³ lit⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): nú-li̍t

(Hailu, HRS): nu^ˊ lid^ˋ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): nó͘-le̍k / lǒ͘-lia̍k / ló͘-le̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): no³ lag⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶nu-liq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nǔlì
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nǔlì
  - Wade–Giles: nu³-li⁴
  - Yale: nǔ-lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nuulih
  - Palladius: нули (nuli)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: nou⁵ lik⁶
  - Yale: nóuh lihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nou⁵ lik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: nou⁵ lig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nou̯¹³ lɪk̚²/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    努力
    腦力 / 脑力
    Category:Cantonese terms with homophones
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: lu³ lit⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu²¹³⁻¹³ lit̚⁵Category:Gan terms needing pronunciation attention#*/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nú-li̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: nu^ˋ lid
  - Hagfa Pinyim: nu³ lid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /nu³¹ lit̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: nu^ˊ lid^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /nu²⁴⁻³³ lit²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nó͘-le̍k
  - Tâi-lô: nóo-li̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: noflek
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lǒ͘-lia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: lǒo-lia̍k
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔ²² liak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ló͘-le̍k
  - Tâi-lô: lóo-li̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loflek
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: no³ lag⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nò la̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /no²¹³⁻⁵⁵ lak̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶nu-liq
  - MiniDict: nu^去 lih
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nu-liq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /nu²² liɪʔ⁴⁴/

Verb

努⫽力 (verb-object)Category:Chinese lemmas#力05力00 Category:Chinese verbs#力05力00 Category:Chinese separable verbs#力05力00 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#力05力00 Category:Pages with entries#努力 Category:Pages with 4 entries#努力

to make an effort; to strive; to endeavor; to work hard
不懈努力 ― bùxiè nǔlì ― to persevere; perseveranceCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

共同努力 ― gòngtóng nǔlì ― to work togetherCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

我會好好努力把我的博士讀完。 [MSC, trad.]
我会好好努力把我的博士读完。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ huì hǎohǎo nǔlì bǎ wǒ de bóshì dúwán. [Pinyin]
I will work hard to finish my doctorate.
Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples

要是現在不努力的話，將來會後悔的。 [MSC, trad.]
要是现在不努力的话，将来会后悔的。 [MSC, simp.]
Yàoshì xiànzài bù nǔlì dehuà, jiānglái huì hòuhuǐ de. [Pinyin]
If you don't work hard now, you'll regret it later on.
Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples

我一直在嘗試努力，可結果總是不盡人意。 [MSC, trad.]
我一直在尝试努力，可结果总是不尽人意。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ yīzhí zài chángshì nǔlì, kě jiéguǒ zǒngshì bùjìn rényì. [Pinyin]
I have been putting in a lot of effort, but the results are always less than satisfactory.
Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples

Synonyms

edit

一力 (yīlì)
下力 (xiàlì)
不遺餘力 / 不遗余力 (bùyíyúlì)
僶俛 / 𠊟俛 (mǐnmiǎn) (literary)
儘力 / 尽力 (jǐnlì) (archaic)
全力以赴 (quánlìyǐfù)
出力 (chūlì)
力 (lì) (literary, or in compounds)
力圖 / 力图 (lìtú)
力求 (lìqiú)
力爭 / 力争 (lìzhēng)
加勁 / 加劲 (jiājìn)
勉力 (miǎnlì)
呵嘶呵嘶 (o⁴ sr¹ o⁴ sr¹) (Xiang)
強力 / 强力 (qiánglì) (literary)
悉力 (xīlì) (literary)
打拼 (dǎpīn)
拍拚 (Hokkien, Teochew)
拍灘 / 拍滩 (Xiamen Hokkien)
拼搏 (pīnbó)
搏 (bó) (literary, or in compounds)
摔拍 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
攢勁 / 攒劲 (zan³ jin⁴) (Xiang)
旅力 (lǚlì) (literary)
極力 / 极力 (jílì)
殫力 / 殚力 (dānlì)
用力 (yònglì)
盡力 / 尽力 (jìnlì)
竭力 (jiélì)
竭盡全力 / 竭尽全力 (jiéjìnquánlì)
落力 (lok⁶ lik⁶) (Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew, Wenzhounese, Pinghua)
賣力 / 卖力 (màilì)
賣力氣 / 卖力气 (mài lìqi)
賣勁 / 卖劲 (màijìn) (colloquial)

Adjective

努力Category:Chinese lemmas#力05力00 Category:Chinese adjectives#力05力00 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#力05力00 Category:Pages with entries#努力 Category:Pages with 4 entries#努力

hard-working; diligent; industrious
一個非常努力的員工 [MSC, trad.]
一个非常努力的员工 [MSC, simp.]
yī ge fēicháng nǔlì de yuángōng [Pinyin]
a hardworking employee
Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples

Synonyms

edit

下力 (xiàlì) (Muping Mandarin)
亹亹 (wěiwěi) (literary)
伶落 (lìng-lŏ̤h) (Eastern Min)
刻苦 (kèkǔ)
力落 (lag⁸ loh⁸) (Teochew)
勤力 (qínlì) (literary or Cantonese)
勤勉 (qínmiǎn)
勤勞 / 勤劳 (qínláo)
勤奮 / 勤奋 (qínfèn)
勤快 (qínkuài) (informal)
勤懇 / 勤恳 (qínkěn) (diligent and conscientious)
勤謹 / 勤谨 (Dungan)
堅苦 / 坚苦 (jiānkǔ) (hardworking and persevering)
巴劫 (bājié) (literary)
巴巴結結 / 巴巴结结 (bāba-jiējiē) (regional)
急計 / 急计 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
手勤 (shǒuqín)
用功 (yònggōng)
發狠 / 发狠 (fa³ hen⁶) (Xiang)
耐勞 / 耐劳 (nàiláo)
骨力 (Hokkien, Puxian Min)

Antonyms

懶惰／懒惰 (lǎnduò)

Adverb

努力Category:Chinese lemmas#力05力00 Category:Chinese adverbs#力05力00 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#力05力00 Category:Pages with entries#努力 Category:Pages with 4 entries#努力

diligently; hard (with a great deal of effort)
非常努力地工作 ― fēicháng nǔlì de gōngzuò ― to work extremely hardCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

Noun

努力Category:Chinese lemmas#力05力00 Category:Chinese nouns#力05力00 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#力05力00 Category:Pages with entries#努力 Category:Pages with 4 entries#努力

endeavor; ability; effort
盡最大的努力／尽最大的努力 ― jìn zuìdà de nǔlì ― to do all one canCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

資質愚笨的人應加倍努力，方可獲致成功。 [MSC, trad.]
资质愚笨的人应加倍努力，方可获致成功。 [MSC, simp.]
Zīzhì yúbèn de rén yìng jiābèi nǔlì, fāng kě huòzhì chénggōng. [Pinyin]
People who are naturally clumsy should redouble their efforts in order to achieve success.
Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (努力):

→ Japanese: 努(ど)力(りょく) (doryoku)
→ Korean: 노력(努力) (noryeok)
→ Vietnamese: nỗ lực (努力Category:Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes#努力)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
努	力
ど Grade: 4	りょく Grade: 1
kan'on

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 努 read as ど#とりょく'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#とりょく'Category:Japanese terms spelled with 力 read as りょく#とりょく'Category:Japanese terms read with kan'on#とりょく'

Etymology

From Middle Chinese Category:Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese#とりょく'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#とりょく'Category:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese#とりょく' compound 努力 (MC nuX lik, literally “to exert + strength”). Compare modern Cantonese reading nou⁵ lik⁶ or Min Nan ló͘-le̍k.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) どりょく [dóꜜryòkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [do̞ɾʲo̞kɯ̟]Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation#とりょく'

Category:Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)#とりょく'Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent#とりょく'

Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 努力する

Plain	努力する	どりょく・する	`[dóꜜryòkù sùrú]`
Conjunctive	努力して	どりょく・して	`[dóꜜryòkù shìté]`
Perfective	努力した	どりょく・した	`[dóꜜryòkù shìtá]`
Negative	努力しない	どりょく・しない	`[dóꜜryòkù shìnáí]`
Negative perfective	努力しなかった	どりょく・しなかった	`[dóꜜryòkù shìnáꜜkàttà]`
Hypothetical conditional	努力すれば	どりょく・すれば	`[dóꜜryòkù sùréꜜbà]`
Past conditional	努力したら	どりょく・したら	`[dóꜜryòkù shìtáꜜrà]`
Imperative	努力しろ努力せよ	どりょく・しろどりょく・せよ	`[dóꜜryòkù shìró]` `[dóꜜryòkù séꜜyò]`
Volitional	努力しよう	どりょく・しよー	`[dóꜜryòkù shìyóꜜò]`
Desiderative	努力したい	どりょく・したい	`[dóꜜryòkù shìtáí]`
Formal	努力します	どりょく・します	`[dóꜜryòkù shìmáꜜsù]`
Formal negative	努力しません	どりょく・しません	`[dóꜜryòkù shìmáséꜜǹ]`
Formal volitional	努力しましょう	どりょく・しましょー	`[dóꜜryòkù shìmáshóꜜò]`
Formal perfective	努力しました	どりょく・しました	`[dóꜜryòkù shìmáꜜshìtà]`
Continuative	努力し努力しに	どりょく・しどりょく・しに	`[dóꜜryòkù shì]` `[dóꜜryòkù shì ní]`
Negative continuative	努力せず努力せずに	どりょく・せずどりょく・せずに	`[dóꜜryòkù séꜜzù]` `[dóꜜryòkù séꜜzù nì]`
Passive	努力される	どりょく・される	`[dóꜜryòkù sàrérú]`
Causative	努力させる努力さす	どりょく・させるどりょく・さす	`[dóꜜryòkù sàsérú]` `[dóꜜryòkù sàsú]`
Potential	努力できる	どりょく・できる	`[dóꜜryòkù dèkíꜜrù]`

Noun

努(ど)力(りょく) • (doryokuCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#努力 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#努力) Category:Japanese lemmas#とりょく'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#とりょく'Category:Japanese nouns#とりょく'Category:Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji#とりょく'Category:Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji#とりょく'Category:Japanese terms with 2 kanji#とりょく'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#とりょく'Category:Pages with entries#努力 Category:Pages with 4 entries#努力

an effort, an endeavor

Synonyms

労力(ろうりょく) (rōryoku), 尽力(じんりょく) (jinryoku)

Verb

to endeavor, to make an effort
彼(かれ)は試験(しけん)に合格(ごうかく)するために努力(どりょく)した。
Kare wa shiken ni gōkaku suru tame ni doryoku shita.
He worked hard to pass the exam.
Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#とりょく'Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#とりょく'

Conjugation

Conjugation of "努力する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	努力し	どりょくし	doryoku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	努力し	どりょくし	doryoku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	努力する	どりょくする	doryoku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	努力する	どりょくする	doryoku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	努力すれ	どりょくすれ	doryoku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	努力せよ¹ 努力しろ²	どりょくせよ¹ どりょくしろ²	doryoku seyo¹ doryoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	努力される	どりょくされる	doryoku sareru
Causative	努力させる努力さす	どりょくさせるどりょくさす	doryoku saseru doryoku sasu
Potential	努力できる	どりょくできる	doryoku dekiru
Volitional	努力しよう	どりょくしよう	doryoku shiyō
Negative	努力しない	どりょくしない	doryoku shinai
Negative continuative	努力せず	どりょくせず	doryoku sezu
Formal	努力します	どりょくします	doryoku shimasu
Perfective	努力した	どりょくした	doryoku shita
Conjunctive	努力して	どりょくして	doryoku shite
Hypothetical conditional	努力すれば	どりょくすれば	doryoku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

努(つと)める (tsutomeru)

References

↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#努力 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#努力 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“努力”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

Category:Japanese terms suffixed with 力 read as りょく#とりょく'

Korean

Hanja in this term
努	力

Noun

努力 • (noryeok) (hangeul 노력)Category:Korean lemmas#노력 Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#노력 Category:Korean nouns#노력 Category:Korean nouns in Han script#노력 Category:Korean terms with redundant script codes#노력 Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#노력 Category:Pages with entries#努力 Category:Pages with 4 entries#努力

hanja form^? of 노력 (“an effort, an endeavor”)Category:Korean hanja forms#努力

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
努	力

Noun

努力Category:Vietnamese lemmas#力05力00 Category:Vietnamese nouns#力05力00 Category:Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header#力05力00 Category:Pages with entries#努力 Category:Pages with 4 entries#努力 Category:Vietnamese nouns in Han script#力05力00

chữ Hán form of nỗ lực (“great effort; endeavor”)Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán

Verb

努力Category:Vietnamese lemmas#力05力00 Category:Vietnamese verbs#力05力00 Category:Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header#力05力00 Category:Pages with entries#努力 Category:Pages with 4 entries#努力 Category:Vietnamese verbs in Han script#力05力00

chữ Hán form of nỗ lực (“to strive; to endeavor”)Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#努力 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#努力 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

Wikimore

努力

Chinese

Pronunciation

Verb

Synonyms

Adjective

Synonyms

Antonyms

Adverb

Noun

Descendants

See also

Japanese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Verb

Conjugation

Synonyms

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun

Verb