Wikimore

See also: 通过

Chinese

		go through; know well; to connect go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open	to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker) to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker); to pass; to celebrate; to live; to get along; excessively; too-
trad. (通過)		通	過
simp. (通过)		通	过

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): tōngguò

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥㄍㄨㄛˋ

Category:Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tong¹ go⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): tung¹ gwo³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thûng-ko

(Hailu, HRS): tung^ˋ go^ˇ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tang¹ go⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thong-kè / thong-kèr / thong-kòe

(Teochew, Peng'im): tong¹ guê³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tōngguò → tōngguo (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥㄍㄨㄛˋ → ㄊㄨㄥ ˙ㄍㄨㄛ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tongguo̊
  - Wade–Giles: tʻung¹-kuo⁵
  - Yale: tūng-gwo
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tong.guoh
  - Palladius: тунго (tungo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹/ → /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊u̯ɔ²/Category:Mandarin words containing toneless variants#tōngguò
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: tong¹ go⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tunggo
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoŋ⁵⁵ ko²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tung¹ gwo³
  - Yale: tūng gwo
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tung¹ gwo³
  - Guangdong Romanization: tung¹ guo³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔː³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thûng-ko
  - Hakka Romanization System: tung^ˊ go
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tung¹ go⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: tung^ˋ go^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ⁵³ ko¹¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: tang¹ go⁴ [Phonetic: tang² ngo⁴]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: tang-geo̍
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^(k-)ŋo⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: tang¹ go⁴ [Phonetic: tang² ngo⁴]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^(k-)ŋo⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-kè
  - Tâi-lô: thong-kè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tongkex
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ke²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ke¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Philippines): /tʰɔŋ³³ ke⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-kèr
  - Tâi-lô: thong-kèr
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ³³ kə⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kinmen): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kə¹²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-kòe
  - Tâi-lô: thong-kuè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tongkoex
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kue²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kue²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tong¹ guê³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thong kuè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoŋ³³⁻²³ kue²¹³/

Preposition

通過Category:Chinese lemmas#辵07辵09 Category:Chinese prepositions#辵07辵09 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#辵07辵09 Category:Pages with entries#通過 Category:Pages with 4 entries#通過

via; by; by means of; through

Synonyms

edit

經由 / 经由 (jīngyóu)
經過 / 经过 (jīngguò)
透過 / 透过 (tòuguò) (chiefly Taiwan, Hong Kong)

Verb

通過Category:Chinese lemmas#辵07辵09 Category:Chinese verbs#辵07辵09 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#辵07辵09 Category:Pages with entries#通過 Category:Pages with 4 entries#通過

to pass (a measure, bill, proposal, etc.)
這樣的贊助在董事會上是很難通過的。 [MSC, trad.]
这样的赞助在董事会上是很难通过的。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhèyàng de zànzhù zài dǒngshìhuì shàng shì hěn nán tōngguò de. [Pinyin]
Sponsorship like this would be difficult to pass at the board of directors.
Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples
to pass by; to pass through
to pass (a test)
通過測驗／通过测验 ― tōngguò cèyàn ― to pass a testCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

Synonyms

(to pass through): 穿過／穿过 (chuānguò), 經過／经过 (jīngguò)

References

莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “通过”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 524.

Category:Beginning Mandarin#辵07辵09

Japanese

Kanji in this term
通	過
つう Grade: 2	か Grade: 5
on'yomi

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 通 read as つう#つうか Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#つうか Category:Japanese terms spelled with 過 read as か#つうか Category:Japanese terms read with on'yomi#つうか

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) つうか [tsùúká] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [t͡sɨːka̠]Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation#つうか

Category:Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)#つうか Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent#つうか

Noun

通(つう)過(か) • (tsūkaCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#通過 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#通過) Category:Japanese lemmas#つうか Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#つうか Category:Japanese nouns#つうか Category:Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji#つうか Category:Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji#つうか Category:Japanese terms with 2 kanji#つうか Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#つうか Category:Pages with entries#通過 Category:Pages with 4 entries#通過

passage through an object
passage of a test in school
passage of a bill
passage through a screening

Synonyms

(passage through): 通行(つうこう) (tsūkō), 通(とお)る (tōru)
(passage of a test): 合格(ごうかく) (gōkaku), 通(とお)る (tōru)
(passage of a bill): 可決(かけつ) (kaketsu), 通(とお)る (tōru)
(passage through a screening): 通(とお)る (tōru)

Verb

pass through something
列車(れっしゃ)が通過(つうか)します。ご注意(ちゅうい)ください。
Ressha ga tsūka shimasu. Go-chūi kudasai.
The train is passing by. Please be careful.
Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#つうか Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#つうか
pass a test
pass a bill
pass a screening

Conjugation

Conjugation of "通過する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	通過し	つうかし	tsūka shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	通過し	つうかし	tsūka shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	通過する	つうかする	tsūka suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	通過する	つうかする	tsūka suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	通過すれ	つうかすれ	tsūka sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	通過せよ¹ 通過しろ²	つうかせよ¹ つうかしろ²	tsūka seyo¹ tsūka shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	通過される	つうかされる	tsūka sareru
Causative	通過させる通過さす	つうかさせるつうかさす	tsūka saseru tsūka sasu
Potential	通過できる	つうかできる	tsūka dekiru
Volitional	通過しよう	つうかしよう	tsūka shiyō
Negative	通過しない	つうかしない	tsūka shinai
Negative continuative	通過せず	つうかせず	tsūka sezu
Formal	通過します	つうかします	tsūka shimasu
Perfective	通過した	つうかした	tsūka shita
Conjunctive	通過して	つうかして	tsūka shite
Hypothetical conditional	通過すれば	つうかすれば	tsūka sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“通過”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
通	過

Noun

通過 • (tonggwa) (hangeul 통과)Category:Korean lemmas#통과 Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#통과 Category:Korean nouns#통과 Category:Korean nouns in Han script#통과 Category:Korean terms with redundant script codes#통과 Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#통과 Category:Pages with entries#通過 Category:Pages with 4 entries#通過

hanja form^? of 통과 (“passage”)Category:Korean hanja forms#通過

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
通	過

Noun

通過Category:Vietnamese lemmas#辵07辵09 Category:Vietnamese nouns#辵07辵09 Category:Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header#辵07辵09 Category:Pages with entries#通過 Category:Pages with 4 entries#通過 Category:Vietnamese nouns in Han script#辵07辵09

chữ Hán form of thông qua (“to pass; to let through; to approve”)Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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