Wikimore

See also: 闰 and 閠

閏	U+958F, 閏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-958F

← 閎
[U+958E]

CJK Unified Ideographs Category:CJK Unified Ideographs block#*0000038287

閐 →
[U+9590]

Category:Han script characters#%20

Translingual

Han character

閏Category:Translingual lemmas#門04閏 Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#門04閏 Category:Translingual symbols#門04閏 Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#門04閏 Category:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#門04閏 Category:Pages with entries#閏 Category:Pages with 5 entries#閏 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, Cangjie input 日弓一土 (ANMG), four-corner 7710₄, composition ⿵門王)Category:Han script characters#門04閏 Category:Translingual Han characters with definition lines#門

Derived characters

㠈, 撋 (𰓷), 潤 (润), 橍, 膶 (𬂀), 瞤 (𥆧)Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant manual script codes#閏

Additional Derived Characters

𠾽, 𢡞, 𣋆, 𰟟, 𪼙, 𮝧, 𨬔, 𨶽, 𨷎, 𦻺

Related characters

闰Category:Translingual links with redundant wikilinks#閏 Category:Translingual links with redundant alt parameters#閏 (Simplified Chinese)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1331, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41244
Dae Jaweon: page 1837, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4285, character 9
Unihan data for U+958F

Chinese

trad.		閏
simp.		闰
alternative forms		閠䦞𥹿

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 閏
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (閏) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
撋	*njon
瞤	*njun
潤	*njuns
閏	*njuns

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意)Category:Han ideogrammic compounds#門04: 門 (“gate”) + 王 (“king”). The original meaning “intercalary” is derived from kings' ancient practice of remaining within the palace gates on a leap day (which was in excess of the lunar calendar's 364 days, whence the meanings “remainder” and “surplus”), not engaging in their usual governing functions.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)Category:Requests for etymologies in Chinese entries#門04

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rùn (run⁴Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#閏)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄣˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jeon⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngun⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yun

(Hailu, HRS): rhun^˖

(Meixian, Guangdong): yun⁴ / ngiun⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): nông
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): jūn / lūn

(Teochew, Peng'im): rung⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rùn
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rùn
  - Wade–Giles: jun⁴
  - Yale: rwùn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruenn
  - Palladius: жунь (žunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu̯ən⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jeon⁶
  - Yale: yeuhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: joen⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yên⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɵn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngun⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡun³²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yun
  - Hakka Romanization System: iun
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯un⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yun
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iun
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯un⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rhun^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒun³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yun⁴ / ngiun⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /iun⁵³/, /ŋiun⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡouŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jūn
  - Tâi-lô: jūn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jun
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /zun³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lūn
  - Tâi-lô: lūn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lun
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lun³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /lun⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lun²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: rung⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jūng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zuŋ¹¹/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 閏
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʐuən⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʐən⁵³/
	Tianjin	/yn⁵³/ /ʐuən⁵³/
	Jinan	/yẽ²¹/
	Qingdao	/yə̃⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/yn³¹²/
	Xi'an	/vẽ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/uə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʐuŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/və̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʐuŋ²¹³/ /vɤŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/yn³⁵/
	Chengdu	/zuən¹³/
	Guiyang	/zuen²¹³/
	Kunming	/ʐuə̃²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ʐun⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ʐən⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/zuəŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/zuŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/ʐũŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiŋ²³/ /zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦyən³¹/
	Hangzhou	/zz̩ʷen¹³/
	Wenzhou	/joŋ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/yʌ̃²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/yan¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/yn¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/yn²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/lɨn²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/iun⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʒuŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jøn²²/
	Nanning	/yn²²/ /jɐn²²/
	Hong Kong	/jøn²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lun²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/nouŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/nœyŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/zuŋ³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/zun²³/

Middle Chinese: nywinH

Rime
Character	閏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如順切
Baxter	nywinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiuɪn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵʷin^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjuen^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵwin^H/
Li Rong	/ȵiuĕn^H/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭuĕn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯uĕn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rùn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jeon⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*nu[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*njuns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	閏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rùn
Middle Chinese	‹ nywin^H ›
Old Chinese	/*nu[n]-s/
English	intercalary month
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	閏
Reading #	1/1
No.	10927
Phonetic component	閏
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	閠
Old Chinese	/*njuns/

Definitions

閏Category:Chinese lemmas#門04 Category:Chinese hanzi#門04 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#門04 Category:Pages with entries#閏 Category:Pages with 5 entries#閏

intercalary; leap
閏年／闰年 ― rùnnián ― leap yearCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
(literary Category:Chinese literary terms#門04) surplus; remainder
(literary Category:Chinese literary terms#門04) deputy; illegitimate; usurped

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

閏

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Category:Japanese kanji#門04 Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#門04 Category:Japanese jinmeiyō kanji#門04

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
閏
うるう Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 閏 read as うるう#うるう Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#うるう Category:Japanese terms read with kun'yomi#うるう

Related to 潤(うるお)う (uruō), 潤(うるお)す (uruosu), and 潤(うるお)い (uruoi).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) うるう [ùrúꜜù] (Nakadaka – [2])
IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ɾɯ̟ː]Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation#うるう

Category:Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)#うるう Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent#うるう

Noun

閏(うるう) • (urūCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#閏 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#閏) ^{←うるふ (urufu)Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#閏^?}Category:Japanese lemmas#うるう Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#うるう Category:Japanese nouns#うるう Category:Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji#うるう Category:Japanese terms with 1 kanji#うるう Category:Japanese terms spelled with 閏#うるう Category:Japanese single-kanji terms#うるう Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#うるう Category:Pages with entries#閏 Category:Pages with 5 entries#閏

intercalary, leap
閏(うるう)日(び)
urūbi
intercalary day
Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#うるう Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#うるう

閏(うるう)年(どし)
urūdoshi
leap year
Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#うるう Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#うるう

閏(うるう)八月(はちがつ)
urūhachigatsu
intercalary eighth month in the lunisolar calendar
Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#うるう Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#うるう

Derived terms

References

“^▲閏”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Alternative forms

閠
䦞

Etymology

From Middle Chinese Category:Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese#閏閏 (MC *nywinH).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 閠/ᅀᅲᆫ〯 (zywǔn) (Yale: zyǔn) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회Category:Korean links with redundant wikilinks#閏), 1527.
Recorded as Early Modern Korean 윤 (Yale: yun) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.Category:Early Modern Korean hanja#閏

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ju(ː)n]Category:Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable#閏
Phonetic hangul: [윤(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

閏

閏 (eumhun 윤 달 윤 (yundal yun))Category:Korean lemmas#윤 Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#윤 Category:Korean hanja#윤 Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#윤 Category:Pages with entries#閏 Category:Pages with 5 entries#閏

hanja form^? of 윤 (“intercalary”)Category:Korean hanja forms#閏

Compounds

윤년 (閏年, yunnyeon, “leap year”)
윤달 (閏 달, yundal, “leap month”)
윤삭 (閏朔, yunsak)
윤월 (閏月, yunwol, “leap month”)
윤일 (閏日, yunil, “leap day”)
윤초 (閏秒, yuncho, “leap second”)
정윤 (正閏, jeong'yun)
치윤법 (置閏法, chiyunbeop)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

閏: Hán Nôm readings: nhuận, nhộn, nhuần, nhúnCategory:Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings#門04 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.Category:Requests for definitions in Vietnamese entries#門04

Wikimore

閏

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Related characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

References

Korean

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Hanja

Compounds

References

Vietnamese

Han character