-ere

Afrikaans

Etymology

From DutchCategory:Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch#ERECategory:Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch#ERE -eren. Compare also the more native Afrikaans -ers.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ereCategory:Afrikaans lemmas#ERECategory:Afrikaans suffixes#ERECategory:Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

  1. forms the plurals of six nouns
    been (leg; bone) + -erebeendere (bones)Category:Afrikaans links with redundant target parameters#ERE
    gelid (rank) + -eregeledere (ranks)Category:Afrikaans links with redundant target parameters#ERE
    gemoed (mind) + -eregemoedere (minds)Category:Afrikaans links with redundant target parameters#ERE
    goed (good) + -eregoedere (goods)Category:Afrikaans links with redundant target parameters#ERE
    lied (song; hymn) + -ereliedere (hymns)Category:Afrikaans links with redundant target parameters#ERE
    volk (people) + -erevolkere (peoples)Category:Afrikaans links with redundant target parameters#ERE

Usage notes

  • In most of the above cases, either the word as such or the plural belongs to a more literary register.
  • The noun blaar (leaf) is a backformation from a plural originally using this suffix (from Dutch blad > bladeren > blaren).

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed as part of Latin, French or German verbs. Cognate to French -er, German -ieren, Swedish -era.

Suffix

-ereCategory:Danish lemmas#ERECategory:Danish suffixes#ERECategory:Danish entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

  1. Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word; such as revolutionere (to revolutionise), from revolution.

References

Category:Pages using catfix#ERE

Italian

Etymology 1

    Category:Italian terms inherited from Proto-Italic#ERECategory:Italian terms inherited from Latin#ERECategory:Italian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European#ERECategory:Italian terms derived from Latin#ERECategory:Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#ERECategory:Italian terms derived from Proto-Italic#ERECategory:Pages with etymology trees#ERECategory:Italian entries with etymology trees#ERE

    Inherited from LatinCategory:Italian terms inherited from Latin#ERECategory:Italian terms derived from Latin#ERE -ēre (second conjugation).

    Pronunciation

    Suffix

    -ére (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -oCategory:Italian links with redundant wikilinks#ERECategory:Italian links with redundant alt parameters#ERE, first-person singular past historic -éttiCategory:Italian links with redundant wikilinks#ERE or (traditional) -èttiCategory:Italian links with redundant wikilinks#ERE or -éiCategory:Italian links with redundant wikilinks#ERE, past participle -ùtoCategory:Italian links with redundant wikilinks#ERE, auxiliary avéreCategory:Italian links with redundant wikilinks#ERE or èssereCategory:Italian links with redundant wikilinks#ERE)Category:Italian lemmas#ERECategory:Italian suffixes#ERECategory:Italian verb-forming suffixes#ERECategory:Italian verbs ending in -ere#ERECategory:Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary#ERECategory:Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary#ERECategory:Italian entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

    1. stem, to form the infinitive of some Italian verbs
    Conjugation

    Etymology 2

    Inherited from LatinCategory:Italian terms inherited from Latin#ERECategory:Italian terms derived from Latin#ERE -ere (third conjugation).

    Pronunciation

    Suffix

    -ere (verb-forming suffix)Category:Italian lemmas#ERECategory:Italian suffixes#ERECategory:Italian verb-forming suffixes#ERECategory:Italian entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

    1. stem, to form the infinitive of some Italian verbs
    Usage notes
    • See ricevere as an example of a regular -ere verb.
    • There are two groups of irregular -ere verbs:
      • Those in the first group have multiple irregularities (sometimes even in the infinitive), but several related verbs are conjugated in the same way.
      • Those in the second group have irregular past participles and/or, in the past historic have an irregular stem in the first- and third-person singular and the third-person plural.
    Conjugation
    • Identical to above except for the root stress in the infinitive.
    Derived terms
    First group (see usage notes)

    See also

    Etymology 3

    Pronunciation

    Suffix

    -ere m (noun-forming suffix, plural -eri, feminine -era)Category:Italian lemmas#ERECategory:Italian suffixes#ERECategory:Italian noun-forming suffixes#ERECategory:Italian countable suffixes#ERECategory:Italian entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Italian masculine suffixes#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

    1. alternative form of -iere
    Usage notes
    • Used in particular after stems ending in -gn-, e.g. ingegnere.

    Anagrams

    Latin

    Etymology 1

      Category:Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#ERECategory:Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic#ERECategory:Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic#ERECategory:Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European#ERECategory:Pages with etymology trees#ERECategory:Latin entries with etymology trees#ERECategory:Pages with inline etymon for redlinks#ERECategory:Pages using etymon with no ID#ERE

      From Proto-ItalicCategory:Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic#ERECategory:Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic#ERE *-ezi, from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European#ERECategory:Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#ERE *-esi, locative case of action nouns, which end in *-os in the nominative. Similar to Ancient Greek -ειν (-ein) < *-ehen, which comes from an alternative locative case form, *-esen.

      Note adverbial temere.

      Pronunciation

      Suffix

      -ereCategory:Latin non-lemma forms#ERECategory:Latin suffix forms#ERECategory:Latin entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

      1. present active infinitive of (third conjugation)
      Derived terms

      Etymology 2

      From Proto-Italic *-ēzi, in which z changed into r due to rhotacism. Formed by analogy with the short-vowel ending -ere for the Proto-Italic and Latin second conjugation (Etymology 1 above).

      Pronunciation

      Suffix

      -ēreCategory:Latin non-lemma forms#ERECategory:Latin suffix forms#ERECategory:Latin entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

      1. present active infinitive of -eō (second conjugation)

      Etymology 3

      See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

      Alternative forms

      Pronunciation

      Suffix

      -ēreCategory:Latin non-lemma forms#ERECategory:Latin suffix forms#ERECategory:Latin entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

      1. second-person singular present passive subjunctive of (first conjugation)
      2. second-person singular present passive indicative of -eō (second conjugation)

      Etymology 4

      From Proto-Italic -ēri, third person plural perfect active ending.

      Suffix

      -ereCategory:Latin lemmas#ERECategory:Latin suffixes#ERECategory:Latin entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE Category:Requests for attention concerning Latin#ERE

      1. Used for the third person present perfect plural form of any regular verb.
      Usage notes
      • This form is obsolete, having been superseded by -ērunt.

      Middle Dutch

      Etymology

        Category:Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#ERECategory:Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#ERECategory:Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic#ERECategory:Middle Dutch terms derived from Latin#ERECategory:Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Italic#ERECategory:Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch#ERECategory:Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch#ERECategory:Pages with inline etymon for redlinks#ERECategory:Pages using etymon with no ID#ERE

        From Old DutchCategory:Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch#ERECategory:Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch#ERE *-āri, -ere, from Proto-GermanicCategory:Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#ERECategory:Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic#ERE *-ārijaz (masc. agent suffix).

        Suffix

        -ere mCategory:Middle Dutch lemmas#ERECategory:Middle Dutch suffixes#ERECategory:Middle Dutch noun-forming suffixes#ERECategory:Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Middle Dutch masculine suffixes#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

        1. Forms agent nouns from verbs.

        Derived terms

        Category:Pages using catfix#ERE

        Descendants

        Middle English

        Etymology 1

          Category:Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#ERECategory:Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#ERECategory:Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#ERECategory:Middle English terms inherited from Old English#ERECategory:Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#ERECategory:Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic#ERECategory:Middle English terms derived from Old English#ERECategory:Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic#ERECategory:Middle English terms derived from Latin#ERE

          Inherited from Old EnglishCategory:Middle English terms inherited from Old English#ERECategory:Middle English terms derived from Old English#ERE -ere, from Proto-West GermanicCategory:Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#ERECategory:Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#ERE *-ārī, from Proto-GermanicCategory:Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#ERECategory:Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic#ERE *-ārijaz, usually held to be from LatinCategory:Middle English terms derived from Latin#ERE -ārius, though Gąsiorowski instead suggests a native origin.

          The demonymic sense may continue Old EnglishCategory:Middle English terms inherited from Old English#ERECategory:Middle English terms derived from Old English#ERE -ware, from Proto-West GermanicCategory:Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#ERECategory:Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#ERE *-wari, from Proto-GermanicCategory:Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#ERECategory:Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic#ERE *-warjaz, though a semantic extension of the agentive sense is perhaps more likely given the lack of demonstrable continuity between Old English formations in -ware and this suffix.

          Alternative forms

          Pronunciation

          Suffix

          -ereCategory:Middle English lemmas#ERECategory:Middle English suffixes#ERECategory:Middle English noun-forming suffixes#ERECategory:Middle English entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

          1. Forms agent nouns from other nouns or verbs, especially occupational; -er
          2. (Late Middle EnglishCategory:Late Middle English#ERE, rareCategory:Middle English rare terms#ERE) Forms nouns denoting a inhabitant or resident of a location; -er
          Usage notes
          • The use of this suffix on abstract nouns is late and rare.
          • Due to vowel reduction, this suffix is sometimes conflated with -er and -our, especially in Late Middle English.
          Derived terms
          Category:Pages using catfix#ERE
          Descendants
          References

          Etymology 2

              Category:Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#ERECategory:Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#ERECategory:Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#ERECategory:Middle English terms derived from Old English#ERECategory:Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#ERECategory:Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European#ERECategory:Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic#ERECategory:Middle English terms inherited from Old English#ERE

              Inherited from Old EnglishCategory:Middle English terms inherited from Old English#ERECategory:Middle English terms derived from Old English#ERE -ra, from Proto-West GermanicCategory:Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#ERECategory:Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#ERE *-iʀō, *-ōʀō, from Proto-GermanicCategory:Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#ERECategory:Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic#ERE *-izô or Proto-GermanicCategory:Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic#ERE *-ōzô; related to superlative -est.

              The change from -ra to -ere is probably due to analogy with apocopated forms of this suffix with an anaptyctic vowel (i.e. -er).

              Alternative forms

              Pronunciation

              Suffix

              -ereCategory:Middle English lemmas#ERECategory:Middle English suffixes#ERECategory:Middle English inflectional suffixes#ERECategory:Middle English entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

              1. Used to form the comparative degree of adjectives; more, -er.
              2. Used to form the comparative degree of adverbs; more, -er.
              Usage notes
              • Unlike in the modern English standard, this suffix may be appended to adjectives or adverbs of any length; in fact, periphrastic comparison with more or mest, most is rather uncommon. Like in Early Modern English and nonstandard modern English, this periphrastic comparative may be combined with the synthetic comparative to form a pleonastic "double comparative"; more grettere (larger, literally more larger).
              • Irregular comparatives formed with this suffix may induce umlaut or shortening of the vowel of the root it is appended to; most of these compete with regular forms, which increasingly predominate in later Middle English (e.g. lengere, longere, both "longer"; deppere, depere, both "deeper").
              Descendants
              References

              Etymology 3

              Suffix

              -ereCategory:Middle English alternative forms#ERECategory:Middle English entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

              1. alternative form of -er (agentive suffix)

              Etymology 4

              Suffix

              -ereCategory:Middle English alternative forms#ERECategory:Middle English entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

              1. alternative form of -re (plural suffix)

              Etymology 5

              Suffix

              -ereCategory:Middle English alternative forms#ERECategory:Middle English entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

              1. alternative form of -eren

              Norwegian Bokmål

              Etymology

              From Old NorseCategory:Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse#ERECategory:Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse#ERE -era, through Middle High GermanCategory:Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Middle High German#ERE -ieren, from Old FrenchCategory:Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old French#ERE -ier, from LatinCategory:Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin#ERE -āre.

              Cognate to French -er, German -ieren and Swedish -era.

              Suffix

              -ereCategory:Norwegian Bokmål lemmas#ERECategory:Norwegian Bokmål suffixes#ERECategory:Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

              1. Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word; such as revolusjonere (to revolutionise), from revolusjon (revolution). Equivalent in meaning to English -ize.

              References

              Category:Pages using catfix#ERE Category:Norwegian Bokmål verb-forming suffixes#ERE

              Norwegian Nynorsk

              Alternative forms

              Etymology

              From Old NorseCategory:Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse#ERECategory:Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse#ERE -era, through Middle High GermanCategory:Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Middle High German#ERE -ieren, from Old FrenchCategory:Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old French#ERE -ier, from LatinCategory:Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Latin#ERE -āre.

              Cognate to French -er, German -ieren and Swedish -era.

              Suffix

              -ereCategory:Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas#ERECategory:Norwegian Nynorsk suffixes#ERECategory:Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

              1. Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word. Equivalent in meaning to English -ize.

              References

              Category:Pages using catfix#ERE

              Old English

              Alternative forms

              Etymology

                Category:Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#ERECategory:Old English terms derived from Proto-Italic#ERECategory:Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#ERECategory:Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#ERECategory:Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#ERECategory:Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic#ERECategory:Old English terms derived from Latin#ERE

                From Proto-West GermanicCategory:Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#ERECategory:Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#ERE *-ārī, from Proto-GermanicCategory:Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#ERECategory:Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic#ERE *-ārijaz.

                Uncertain ultimate origin, usually held to be from LatinCategory:Old English terms derived from Latin#ERE -ārius. Gąsiorowski instead suggests that *-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier *-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂, creating a suffix *-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which were then masculinised by attaching *-ós. He also suggests a relation to Proto-West GermanicCategory:Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#ERECategory:Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#ERE *-astrijā.

                Cognate with Old Frisian -ere, Old Saxon -āri, Old High German -āri.

                Pronunciation

                Suffix

                -ereCategory:Old English lemmas#ERECategory:Old English suffixes#ERECategory:Old English entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

                1. masculine agent suffix, originally applied only to nouns
                  Synonyms: -a, -end
                  dōm (judgement) + -eredōmere (judge)
                  fugol (bird) + -erefuglere (fowler)

                Declension

                Strong ja-stem:

                Derived terms

                Category:Pages using catfix#ERE

                Descendants

                Old French

                Alternative forms

                Suffix

                -ereCategory:Old French lemmas#ERECategory:Old French suffixes#ERECategory:Old French entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

                1. nominative singular of -or (agent noun suffix)
                  Le chanteorli chantere

                Yola

                Suffix

                -ereCategory:Yola lemmas#ERECategory:Yola suffixes#ERECategory:Yola entries with incorrect language header#ERECategory:Pages with entries#ERECategory:Pages with 11 entries#ERE

                1. alternative form of -eare
                Category:Afrikaans lemmas Category:Afrikaans links with redundant target parameters Category:Afrikaans suffixes Category:Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch Category:Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch Category:Afrikaans terms with audio pronunciation Category:Danish lemmas Category:Danish suffixes Category:Italian 2-syllable words Category:Italian countable suffixes Category:Italian entries with etymology trees Category:Italian lemmas Category:Italian links with redundant alt parameters Category:Italian links with redundant wikilinks Category:Italian masculine suffixes Category:Italian noun-forming suffixes Category:Italian suffixes Category:Italian terms derived from Latin Category:Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European Category:Italian terms derived from Proto-Italic Category:Italian terms inherited from Latin Category:Italian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European Category:Italian terms inherited from Proto-Italic Category:Italian terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Italian verb-forming suffixes Category:Italian verbs ending in -ere Category:Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary Category:Italian verbs taking essere as auxiliary Category:Late Middle English Category:Latin 2-syllable words Category:Latin entries with etymology trees Category:Latin lemmas Category:Latin non-lemma forms Category:Latin suffix forms Category:Latin suffixes Category:Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European Category:Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic Category:Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European Category:Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic Category:Latin terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Middle Dutch lemmas Category:Middle Dutch masculine suffixes Category:Middle Dutch noun-forming suffixes Category:Middle Dutch suffixes Category:Middle Dutch terms derived from Latin Category:Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch Category:Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic Category:Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European Category:Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Italic Category:Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch Category:Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic Category:Middle English alternative forms Category:Middle English inflectional suffixes Category:Middle English lemmas Category:Middle English noun-forming suffixes Category:Middle English rare terms Category:Middle English suffixes Category:Middle English terms derived from Latin Category:Middle English terms derived from Old English Category:Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic Category:Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European Category:Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic Category:Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic Category:Middle English terms inherited from Old English Category:Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic Category:Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European Category:Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic Category:Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Norwegian Bokmål lemmas Category:Norwegian Bokmål suffixes Category:Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin Category:Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Middle High German Category:Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old French Category:Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse Category:Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse Category:Norwegian Bokmål verb-forming suffixes Category:Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas Category:Norwegian Nynorsk suffixes Category:Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Latin Category:Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Middle High German Category:Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old French Category:Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse Category:Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse Category:Old English lemmas Category:Old English masculine a-stem nouns Category:Old English suffixes Category:Old English terms derived from Latin Category:Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic Category:Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European Category:Old English terms derived from Proto-Italic Category:Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic Category:Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic Category:Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic Category:Old English terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Old French lemmas Category:Old French suffixes Category:Pages using catfix Category:Pages using etymon with no ID Category:Pages with 11 entries Category:Pages with entries Category:Pages with etymology trees Category:Pages with inline etymon for redlinks Category:Requests for attention concerning Latin Category:Rhymes:Italian/ere Category:Rhymes:Italian/ere/2 syllables Category:Rhymes:Italian/ɛre Category:Rhymes:Italian/ɛre/2 syllables Category:Rhymes:Old English/e.re Category:Rhymes:Old English/e.re/2 syllables Category:Yola lemmas Category:Yola suffixes