burn

See also: Burn and bùrn

English

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A burning fire.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

    Category:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BURNCategory:English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrewh₁-#BURN
      Category:English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrewh₁-#BURNCategory:English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#BURNCategory:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BURNCategory:English terms derived from Middle English#BURNCategory:English terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BURNCategory:English terms inherited from Middle English#BURNCategory:English terms derived from Old English#BURNCategory:English terms derived from Old Norse#BURNCategory:English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#BURNCategory:English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European#BURNCategory:English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#BURNCategory:English terms inherited from Old English#BURNCategory:Pages with etymology trees#BURNCategory:English entries with etymology trees#BURNCategory:Pages using etymon with no ID#BURN

      From Late Middle EnglishCategory:English terms inherited from Middle English#BURNCategory:English terms derived from Middle English#BURN burne, birne, which arose via the metathesis of brinne, brynne, a variant of brennen. The East Midland forms were heavily influenced by Old NorseCategory:English terms borrowed from Old Norse#BURNCategory:English terms derived from Old Norse#BURN brinna, brenna (to burn), from Proto-GermanicCategory:English terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BURN *brinnaną (to burn), from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BURN *bʰrenw-, present stem from *bʰrewh₁-. Doublet of brewCategory:English doublets#BURN.

      The late metathesis of East Midland brin- to birn- (and subsequently burn-) parallels the phonological development of bird and dirt from brid and drit. As this metathesized form became the Chancery Standard, it completely displaced the semantic functions and weak conjugation paradigm of the native Old English bærnan (weak), alongside the surviving remnants of byrnan (strong).

      Cognate with Cimbrian prönnan (to burn), Dutch barnen, branden (to burn)Category:Chong terms in nonstandard scripts#BURN, German brinnen (to burn), Luxembourgish brennen (to burn), Vilamovian brīn (to burn), Yiddish ברענען (brenen, to burn), Danish brænde (to burn), Faroese, Icelandic brenna (to burn), Norwegian Bokmål brenne (to burn), Norwegian Nynorsk brenna, brenne (to burn), Swedish brinna (to burn), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (brinnan, to burn). See also Middle Irish brennim (drink up), bruinnim (bubble up); also Middle Irish bréo (flame), Albanian burth (Cyclamen hederifoliumCategory:Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)#Cyclamen%20hederifolium, mouth burning), Sanskrit भुरति (bhurati, moves quickly, twitches, fidgets). More at brew.

      Noun

      burn (countable and uncountable, plural burns)Category:English lemmas#BURNCategory:English nouns#BURNCategory:English uncountable nouns#BURNCategory:English countable nouns#BURNCategory:English countable nouns#BURNCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#BURNCategory:Pages with entries#BURNCategory:Pages with 4 entries#BURN

      1. A physical injury caused by heat, cold, electricity, radiation or caustic chemicals.
        She had second-degree burns from falling in the bonfire.
        Category:English terms with usage examples#BURN
        He burnt his hand in the fire.
        Category:English terms with usage examples#BURN
      2. A sensation resembling such an injury.
        chili burn from eating hot peppersCategory:English terms with usage examples#BURN
      3. The act of burning something with fire.
        They’re doing a controlled burn of the fields.Category:English terms with usage examples#BURN
      4. (slangCategory:English slang#BURN) An intense non-physical sting, as left by shame or an effective insult.
      5. (slangCategory:English slang#BURN) An effective insult, often in the expression sick burn (excellent or badass insult).
      6. Physical sensation in the muscles following strenuous exercise, caused by build-up of lactic acid.
        One and, two and, keep moving; feel the burn!Category:English terms with usage examples#BURN
      7. (uncountableCategory:English uncountable nouns#BURN, UKCategory:British English#BURN, chiefly prison slangCategory:English prison slang#BURN) Tobacco.
        • 2002, Tom Wickham, “A Day In The Wrong Life”, in Julian Broadhead, Laura Kerr, editors, Prison Writing, 16th edition, Waterside Press, →ISBN, page 26:
          TOM: I’m serious bruv. Put my burn and lighter and all that in my jeans please and give them here, then press the cell bell.
          Category:English terms with quotations#BURN
        • 2006, S. Drake, A Cry for Help, Chipmunkapublishing ltd, →ISBN, Chapter 7, page 94:
          “Any of you want to borrow some burn,” asked a scarred inmate known as Bull.
          Category:English terms with quotations#BURN
        • 2006, Peter Squires, editor, Community Safety: Critical Perspectives on Policy and Practice, Policy Press, →ISBN, page 23:
          It was like no one was looking out for me, and the older kids used to take the piss ...they were always threatening me and taking my burn [tobacco] []
          Category:English terms with quotations#BURN
        • 2010, Stephen Fry, The Fry Chronicles:
          As the prison week ended and the less careful inmates began to run out of burn they went through a peculiar begging ritual that I, never one to husband resources either, was quick to learn.
          Category:English terms with quotations#BURN
      8. (computingCategory:en:Computing#BURN) The writing of data to a permanent storage medium like a compact disc or a ROM chip.
      9. The operation or result of burning or baking, as in brickmaking.
      10. (uncountableCategory:English uncountable nouns#BURN) A disease in vegetables; brand.
      11. (aerospaceCategory:en:Aerospace#BURN) The firing of a spacecraft's rockets in order to change its course.
      Derived terms
      Translations
      The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

      Verb

      burn (third-person singular simple present burns, present participle burning, simple past and past participle burned or (chiefly Commonwealth) burnt or (obsolete) brent)Category:English lemmas#BURNCategory:English verbs#BURNCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#BURNCategory:Pages with entries#BURNCategory:Pages with 4 entries#BURN

      1. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BURN) To cause to be consumed by fire.
        Synonyms: burn, cinder, forsweal, incinerate, singe, torch; see also Thesaurus:incinerate
        He burned his manuscript in the fireplace.Category:English terms with usage examples#BURN
      2. (intransitiveCategory:English intransitive verbs#BURN) To be consumed by fire, or in flames.
        Synonyms: combust, go up; see also Thesaurus:burn
      3. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BURN) To overheat so as to make unusable.
        He burned the toast.    The blacksmith burned the steel.Category:English terms with usage examples#BURN
      4. (intransitiveCategory:English intransitive verbs#BURN) To become overheated to the point of being unusable.
        The grill was too hot and the steak burned.Category:English terms with usage examples#BURN
      5. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BURN) To make or produce by the application of fire or burning heat.
        to burn a hole;    to burn letters into a blockCategory:English terms with collocations#BURN
      6. (intransitiveCategory:English intransitive verbs#BURN) To give off light; to be lit up.
      7. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BURN) To injure (a person or animal) with heat or chemicals that produce similar damage.
        Synonyms: scathe, vitriolize
        She burned the child with an iron, and was jailed for ten years.Category:English terms with usage examples#BURN
      8. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BURN, surgeryCategory:en:Surgery#BURN) To cauterize.
      9. (ambitransitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BURNCategory:English intransitive verbs#BURN) To sunburn.
        She forgot to put on sunscreen and burned.Category:English terms with usage examples#BURN
      10. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BURN) To consume, damage, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does.
      11. (intransitiveCategory:English intransitive verbs#BURN) To be hot, e.g. due to embarrassment.
        The child’s forehead was burning with fever.  Her cheeks burned with shame.Category:English terms with usage examples#BURN
      12. (chemistryCategory:en:Chemistry#BURN, transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BURN) To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize.
        A human being burns a certain amount of carbon at each respiration.Category:English terms with usage examples#BURN
      13. (chemistryCategory:en:Chemistry#BURN, datedCategory:English dated terms#BURN) To combine energetically, with evolution of heat.
      14. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BURN, computingCategory:en:Computing#BURN) To write data to a permanent storage medium like a compact disc or a ROM chip.
        We’ll burn this program onto an EEPROM one hour before the demo begins.Category:English terms with usage examples#BURN
      15. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BURN, computingCategory:en:Computing#BURN, by extension) To render subtitles into a video's content while transcoding it, making the subtitles part of the image (hardsubs).
        My old DVD player could play DivX files but didn't recognize the subtitle file, so I had to burn them in.
        Category:English terms with usage examples#BURN
      16. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BURN, slangCategory:English slang#BURN) To betray.
        Synonyms: knife, sell, stab in the back; see also Thesaurus:betray
      17. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BURN, slangCategory:English slang#BURN) To insult or defeat.
      18. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BURN) To waste (time); to waste money or other resources.
        Synonyms: fritter, squander
        The company has burned more than a million dollars a month this year.Category:English terms with usage examples#BURN
        • c.1897, anonymous (lyrics and music), “Hallelujah, I’m a Bum”:
          Oh, why don’t you save all the money you earn? / If I didn’t eat, I​’d have money to burn.
      19. In certain games, to approach near to a concealed object which is sought.
        You’re cold… warm… hot… you’re burning!Category:English terms with usage examples#BURN
      20. (intransitiveCategory:English intransitive verbs#BURN, curlingCategory:en:Curling#BURN) To accidentally touch a moving stone.
      21. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BURN, card gamesCategory:en:Card games#BURN) In pontoon, to swap a pair of cards for another pair, or to deal a dead card.
      22. (photographyCategory:en:Photography#BURN, videography) To make an area of an image darker (when processing photographs in a darkroom, this is accomplished by increasing the exposure of that area to light).
        Coordinate term: dodge
      23. (intransitiveCategory:English intransitive verbs#BURN, physicsCategory:en:Physics#BURN, of an element) To be converted to another element in a nuclear fusion reaction, especially in a star.
      24. (intransitiveCategory:English intransitive verbs#BURN, slangCategory:English slang#BURN, card gamesCategory:en:Card games#BURN, gamblingCategory:en:Gambling#BURN) To discard.
      25. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BURN, slangCategory:English slang#BURN) To shoot someone with a firearm.
      26. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BURN, espionageCategory:en:Espionage#BURN) To compromise (an agent's cover story).
      27. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BURN, espionageCategory:en:Espionage#BURN) To blackmail.
      28. (intransitiveCategory:English intransitive verbs#BURN, slangCategory:English slang#BURN, USCategory:American English#BURN) To desire or ache for (something); to focus on attaining (something).
      Conjugation
      Derived terms
      Descendants
      Translations
      The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

      Etymology 2

        Category:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BURNCategory:English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrewh₁-#BURN
        A burn at Kirkmabreck in western Scotland

        From Northern Middle EnglishCategory:English terms inherited from Northern Middle English#BURNCategory:English terms derived from Northern Middle English#BURN burn, from Old EnglishCategory:English terms inherited from Old English#BURNCategory:English terms derived from Old English#BURN burne, burna (spring, fountain), Proto-West GermanicCategory:English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#BURNCategory:English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#BURN *brunnō, from Proto-GermanicCategory:English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#BURNCategory:English terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BURN *brunnô, *brunō.

        Cognate with Scots burn (stream), Cimbrian, Mòcheno prunn (well, spring), Dutch bron (well), German Bronnen, Brun, Brunnen (well), Luxembourgish Buer, Bur (well), Yiddish ברונעם (brunem, well), Danish brønd (well), Faroese brunnur, bruður (well), Icelandic brunnur (well), Norwegian Bokmål, Scanian brønn (well), Norwegian Nynorsk brunn, brønn (well), Swedish brunn (well), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰 (brunna, source, wellspring), Crimean Gothic brunna (spring, fountain, source). Also Albanian burim (spring, fountain), Ancient Greek φρέαρ (phréar, well, reservoir), Old Armenian աղբիւր (ałbiwr, fount). Doublet of bournCategory:English doublets#BURN. More at brew.

        Noun

        burn (plural burns)Category:English lemmas#BURNCategory:English nouns#BURNCategory:English countable nouns#BURNCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#BURNCategory:Pages with entries#BURNCategory:Pages with 4 entries#BURN

        1. (Northern EnglandCategory:Northern England English#BURN, ScotlandCategory:Scottish English#BURN) A large stream.
        Derived terms
        Translations

        References

        Category:English ergative verbs#BURNCategory:English irregular verbs#BURNCategory:English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrewh₁-#BURN Category:en:Combustion#BURNCategory:en:Fire#BURNCategory:en:Injuries#BURNCategory:en:Landforms#BURNCategory:en:Rocketry#BURN

        Middle English

        Noun

        burnCategory:Middle English alternative forms#BURNCategory:Middle English entries with incorrect language header#BURNCategory:Pages with entries#BURNCategory:Pages with 4 entries#BURN

        1. (Early ScotsCategory:Early Scots#BURN, YorkshireCategory:Yorkshire Middle English#BURN) alternative form of bourne

        Nyunga

        Noun

        burnCategory:Nyunga lemmas#BURNCategory:Nyunga nouns#BURNCategory:Nyunga entries with incorrect language header#BURNCategory:Pages with entries#BURNCategory:Pages with 4 entries#BURN

        1. wood

        References

        Scots

        Etymology

        Category:Scots terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BURNCategory:Scots terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrewh₁-#BURN Category:Scots terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#BURNCategory:Scots terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#BURNCategory:Scots terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BURNCategory:Scots terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#BURNCategory:Scots terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BURN

        Inherited from Middle ScotsCategory:Scots terms inherited from Middle Scots#BURNCategory:Scots terms derived from Middle Scots#BURN burn, burne, from Early ScotsCategory:Scots terms inherited from Early Scots#BURNCategory:Scots terms derived from Early Scots#BURN burn, from Old EnglishCategory:Scots terms inherited from Old English#BURNCategory:Scots terms derived from Old English#BURN burne, burna (spring, fountain).

        Cognate with West Frisian boarne, Dutch bron, German Brunnen; also Albanian burim (spring, fountain), Ancient Greek φρέαρ (phréar, well, reservoir), Old Armenian աղբիւր (ałbiwr, fount).

        Noun

        burn (plural burns)Category:Scots lemmas#BURNCategory:Scots nouns#BURNCategory:Scots entries with incorrect language header#BURNCategory:Pages with entries#BURNCategory:Pages with 4 entries#BURN

        1. A small river or large stream

        References

        burn”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

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