celer
Czech
Etymology
Borrowed from GermanCategory:Czech terms borrowed from German#CELERCategory:Czech terms derived from German#CELER Sellerie. First attested in the 18th century.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈt͡sɛlɛr]Category:Czech terms with IPA pronunciation#CELER
Noun
celer m inanCategory:Czech lemmas#CELERCategory:Czech nouns#CELERCategory:Czech entries with incorrect language header#CELERCategory:Czech masculine nouns#CELERCategory:Czech inanimate nouns#CELERCategory:Pages with entries#CELERCategory:Pages with 6 entries#CELER
Declension
References
- ↑ Rejzek, Jiří (2015), “celer”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN, page 111
Further reading
- “celer”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “celer”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “celer”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old FrenchCategory:French terms inherited from Old French#CELERCategory:French terms derived from Old French#CELER, from LatinCategory:French terms inherited from Latin#CELERCategory:French terms derived from Latin#CELER cēlāre (“hide, conceal”).
Pronunciation
Verb
celerCategory:French lemmas#CELERCategory:French verbs#CELERCategory:French entries with incorrect language header#CELERCategory:Pages with entries#CELERCategory:Pages with 6 entries#CELER
- (transitiveCategory:French transitive verbs#CELER, literaryCategory:French literary terms#CELER) to conceal, hide
- Synonym: cacher
- 1640, Pierre Corneille, Horace, act I, scene I:
- Elle vous aime assez pour ne vous rien celerCategory:French terms with quotations#CELER
- She likes you enough that she will conceal nothing from you
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like parler, except the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-, as in the third-person singular present indicative il cèle and the third-person singular future indicative il cèlera.
| infinitive | simple | celer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | celant /sə.lɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | celé /sə.le/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cèle /sɛl/ |
cèles /sɛl/ |
cèle /sɛl/ |
celons /sə.lɔ̃/ |
celez /sə.le/ |
cèlent /sɛl/ |
| imperfect | celais /sə.lɛ/ |
celais /sə.lɛ/ |
celait /sə.lɛ/ |
celions /sə.ljɔ̃/ |
celiez /sə.lje/ |
celaient /sə.lɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | celai /sə.le/ |
celas /sə.la/ |
cela /sə.la/ |
celâmes /sə.lam/ |
celâtes /sə.lat/ |
celèrent /sə.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | cèlerai /sɛl.ʁe/ |
cèleras /sɛl.ʁa/ |
cèlera /sɛl.ʁa/ |
cèlerons /sɛl.ʁɔ̃/ |
cèlerez /sɛl.ʁe/ |
cèleront /sɛl.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | cèlerais /sɛl.ʁɛ/ |
cèlerais /sɛl.ʁɛ/ |
cèlerait /sɛl.ʁɛ/ |
cèlerions /sɛ.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /se.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
cèleriez /sɛ.lə.ʁje/ or /se.lə.ʁje/ |
cèleraient /sɛl.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cèle /sɛl/ |
cèles /sɛl/ |
cèle /sɛl/ |
celions /sə.ljɔ̃/ |
celiez /sə.lje/ |
cèlent /sɛl/ |
| imperfect2 | celasse /sə.las/ |
celasses /sə.las/ |
celât /sə.la/ |
celassions /sə.la.sjɔ̃/ |
celassiez /sə.la.sje/ |
celassent /sə.las/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | cèle /sɛl/ |
— | celons /sə.lɔ̃/ |
celez /sə.le/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “celer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#CELER *kel- (“to drive”).[1] Probably cognate with Ancient Greek κέλλω (kéllō), Ancient Greek κέλης (kélēs).
Pronunciation
Adjective
celer (feminine celeris, neuter celere, comparative celerior, superlative celerrimus, adverb celeriter)Category:Latin lemmas#CELERCategory:Latin adjectives#CELERCategory:Latin third declension adjectives#CELERCategory:Latin third declension adjectives of three terminations#CELERCategory:Latin entries with incorrect language header#CELERCategory:Pages with entries#CELERCategory:Pages with 6 entries#CELER; third-declension three-termination adjective
Usage notes
According to Döderlein, celer and citus mean "swift, fast, quick" in terms of quick motion (in general) with tardus as their antonym. More specifically, citus refers to a lively motion, whereas celer refers to an eager or impetuous motion.
On the other hand, vēlōx and pernīx as "quick" denote a level of athletic nimbleness in terms of bodily activity, with lentus as their antonym. More specifically, pernīx involves a level of dexterity and quickness in an eclectic range of actions (such as climbing, hurdling, jumping, vaulting, etc.); whereas vēlōx is especially used for running, swimming and flying (moving in a direction)
Thirdly, properus and festīnus as "quick" refer specifically to one's speed in terms of the shortest time to reach a destination, with sēgnis as their antonym. More specifically, festīnus intimates a certain level of impatience, whereas properus simply indicates a haste from energy simply.
Declension
Third-declension three-termination adjective.
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
References
- ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “celer, -is, -e”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 104
Further reading
- “celer”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “celer”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “celer”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “celer”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “celer”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
Middle French
Verb
celerCategory:Middle French lemmas#CELERCategory:Middle French verbs#CELERCategory:Middle French entries with incorrect language header#CELERCategory:Pages with entries#CELERCategory:Pages with 6 entries#CELER
- to hide
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
| infinitive | simple | celer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | celant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | celé | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cele | celes | cele | celons | celez | celent |
| imperfect | celois, celoys | celois, celoys | celoit, celoyt | celions, celyons | celiez, celyez | celoient, celoyent | |
| past historic | cela | celas | cela | celasmes | celastes | celerent | |
| future | celerai, celeray | celeras | celera | celerons | celerez | celeront | |
| conditional | celerois, celeroys | celerois, celeroys | celeroit, celeroyt | celerions, celeryons | celeriez, celeryez | celeroient, celeroyent | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cele | celes | cele | celons | celez | celent |
| imperfect | celasse | celasses | celast | celassions | celassiez | celassent | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | cele | — | celons | celez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||
Descendants
- French: celer
Old French
Etymology
From LatinCategory:Old French terms inherited from Latin#CELERCategory:Old French terms derived from Latin#CELER cēlāre (“hide, conceal”).
Verb
celerCategory:Old French lemmas#CELERCategory:Old French verbs#CELERCategory:Old French entries with incorrect language header#CELERCategory:Pages with entries#CELERCategory:Pages with 6 entries#CELER
- to conceal
- c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- Mes dites moi, nel me celezCategory:Old French terms with quotations#CELER
- But tell me, do not hide it from me
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-oils, *-oilt are modified to ouz, out. This verb has a stressed present stem çoil distinct from the unstressed stem cel. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | celer | avoir celé | |||||
| gerund | en celant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | celant | ||||||
| past participle | celé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | çoil | çoiles | çoile | celons | celez | çoilent |
| imperfect | celoie, celeie, celoe, celeve | celoies, celeies, celoes, celeves | celoit, celeit, celot, celeve | celiiens, celiens | celiiez, celiez | celoient, celeient, celoent, celevent | |
| preterite | celai | celas | cela | celames | celastes | celerent | |
| future | celerai | celeras | celera | celerons | celeroiz, celereiz, celerez | celeront | |
| conditional | celeroie, celereie | celeroies, celereies | celeroit, celereit | celeriiens, celeriens | celeriiez, celeriez | celeroient, celereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | çoil | çouz | çout | celons | celez | çoilent |
| imperfect | celasse | celasses | celast | celissons, celissiens | celissoiz, celissez, celissiez | celassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | çoile | — | celons | celez | — | ||
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡sêler/Category:Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation#CELER
- Hyphenation: ce‧ler
Noun
cȅler m inan (Cyrillic spelling це̏лер)Category:Serbo-Croatian lemmas#CELERCategory:Serbo-Croatian nouns#CELERCategory:Serbo-Croatian masculine inanimate nouns#CELERCategory:Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header#CELERCategory:Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns#CELERCategory:Serbo-Croatian inanimate nouns#CELERCategory:Pages with entries#CELERCategory:Pages with 6 entries#CELER
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | celer | celeri |
| genitive | celera | celera |
| dative | celeru | celerima |
| accusative | celer | celere |
| vocative | celeru | celeri |
| locative | celeru | celerima |
| instrumental | celerom | celerima |