Wikimore

Central Franconian

Etymology

From Old High German Category:Central Franconian terms inherited from Old High German#KALT Category:Central Franconian terms derived from Old High German#KALT *kald, northern variant of kalt, chalt. The variation between the stems kalt and kaal is due to the development -ald- → -āl-, which occurred only in open syllables.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kalt/Category:Central Franconian terms with IPA pronunciation#KALT

Adjective

kalt (masculine kaale, feminine kaal, comparative kaaler or kääler or kälder, superlative et kaalste or käälste or kältste)Category:Central Franconian lemmas#KALT Category:Central Franconian adjectives#KALT Category:Central Franconian entries with incorrect language header#KALT Category:Pages with entries#KALT Category:Pages with 11 entries#KALT

(most dialects) cold
Loß’ mer heem john, ich hann kaal Föß.
Let’s go home, my feet are cold.
Category:Central Franconian terms with usage examples#KALT

Usage notes

The commoner comparation forms were originally kaaler, et kaalste. Today, those with umlaut are preferred due to influence of German kälter, am kältesten.

Inflection

Inflection example for kalt (Kölsch and central Ripuarian)

		masculine	neuter	feminine	plural
positive
predicative / adverbial		kalt
common case	strong	kaale	kalt	kaal
	weak	kaale	kaal	kaal
	partitive	kaales		—
dative case	initial	kaalem		kaaler	kaale
dative case	non-initial	kaale			kaale
comparative
predicative / adverbial		kääler
common case	strong	käälere	kääler
	weak	käälere	kääler
	partitive	kääleres		—
dative case	initial	käälerem		käälerer	käälere
dative case	non-initial	käälere			käälere
superlative
predicative / adverbial		et käälste
common case	strong	käälste
common case	weak	käälste
dative case	initial	käälstem		käälster	käälste
dative case	non-initial	käälste			käälste
Strong (indefinite) and weak (definite) forms are distinguished in the neuter common case. The partitive form follows certain indefinite pronouns like jet (“something”). In the singular dative, there is a simpler distinction between “initial” and “non-initial” position, depending on whether the adjective is the first declined word of the noun phrase or not.

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

khalt (Luserna, Sette Comuni)

Adjective

kaltCategory:Cimbrian lemmas#KALT Category:Cimbrian adjectives#KALT Category:Cimbrian entries with incorrect language header#KALT Category:Pages with entries#KALT Category:Pages with 11 entries#KALT

(Tredici Comuni Category:Tredici Comuni Cimbrian#KALT) cold

Dutch

Pronunciation

Verb

kaltCategory:Dutch non-lemma forms#KALT Category:Dutch verb forms#KALT Category:Dutch entries with incorrect language header#KALT Category:Pages with entries#KALT Category:Pages with 11 entries#KALT

inflection of kallen:
1. second/third-person singular present indicative
2. (archaic) plural imperative

Anagrams

talk

Faroese

Adjective

kaltCategory:Faroese non-lemma forms#KALT Category:Faroese adjective forms#KALT Category:Faroese entries with incorrect language header#KALT Category:Pages with entries#KALT Category:Pages with 11 entries#KALT

neuter nominative/accusative of kaldur

German

Etymology

Category:German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#KALT Category:German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-#KALT Category:German terms derived from Proto-Germanic#KALT Category:German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#KALT Category:German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#KALT

From Middle High German Category:German terms inherited from Middle High German#KALT Category:German terms derived from Middle High German#KALT and Old High German Category:German terms inherited from Old High German#KALT Category:German terms derived from Old High German#KALT kalt, from Proto-West Germanic Category:German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#KALT Category:German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#KALT *kald.

Cognates

Cognate to Low German kold, koolt, Dutch koud, English cold, Danish kold, Swedish kall.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kalt/Category:German 1-syllable words#KALT Category:German terms with IPA pronunciation#KALT
Audio: (file)
Category:German terms with audio pronunciation#KALT
Audio (Germany (Berlin)): (file)
Category:German terms with audio pronunciation#KALT

Adjective

kalt (strong nominative masculine singular kalter, comparative kälter, superlative am kältesten)Category:German lemmas#KALT Category:German adjectives#KALT Category:German entries with incorrect language header#KALT Category:Pages with entries#KALT Category:Pages with 11 entries#KALT

cold, chilly; the physical perception of something (objects, weather, body etc.) to have a low temperature
calm, restrained, passionless
cold, frigid (especially when referring to emotions)
(housing) at cost (without utilities, such as heating, included)

Usage notes

German kalt means “cold”, but not “feeling cold”; therefore the sentence ich bin kalt (literally “I am cold”) would mean that one’s body has a low temperature, particularly that one’s skin is cold on the outside. The English “I am cold” (that is: I feel cold) is equivalent to German mir ist kalt (literally “[to] me [it]'s cold”).

Declension

Positive forms of kalt

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er ist kalt	sie ist kalt	es ist kalt	sie sind kalt
strong declension (without article)	nominative	kalter	kalte	kaltes	kalte
	genitive	kalten	kalter	kalten	kalter
	dative	kaltem	kalter	kaltem	kalten
	accusative	kalten	kalte	kaltes	kalte
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der kalte	die kalte	das kalte	die kalten
	genitive	des kalten	der kalten	des kalten	der kalten
	dative	dem kalten	der kalten	dem kalten	den kalten
	accusative	den kalten	die kalte	das kalte	die kalten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein kalter	eine kalte	ein kaltes	(keine) kalten
	genitive	eines kalten	einer kalten	eines kalten	(keiner) kalten
	dative	einem kalten	einer kalten	einem kalten	(keinen) kalten
	accusative	einen kalten	eine kalte	ein kaltes	(keine) kalten

Comparative forms of kalt

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er ist kälter	sie ist kälter	es ist kälter	sie sind kälter
strong declension (without article)	nominative	kälterer	kältere	kälteres	kältere
	genitive	kälteren	kälterer	kälteren	kälterer
	dative	kälterem	kälterer	kälterem	kälteren
	accusative	kälteren	kältere	kälteres	kältere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der kältere	die kältere	das kältere	die kälteren
	genitive	des kälteren	der kälteren	des kälteren	der kälteren
	dative	dem kälteren	der kälteren	dem kälteren	den kälteren
	accusative	den kälteren	die kältere	das kältere	die kälteren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein kälterer	eine kältere	ein kälteres	(keine) kälteren
	genitive	eines kälteren	einer kälteren	eines kälteren	(keiner) kälteren
	dative	einem kälteren	einer kälteren	einem kälteren	(keinen) kälteren
	accusative	einen kälteren	eine kältere	ein kälteres	(keine) kälteren

Superlative forms of kalt

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er ist am kältesten	sie ist am kältesten	es ist am kältesten	sie sind am kältesten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	kältester	kälteste	kältestes	kälteste
	genitive	kältesten	kältester	kältesten	kältester
	dative	kältestem	kältester	kältestem	kältesten
	accusative	kältesten	kälteste	kältestes	kälteste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der kälteste	die kälteste	das kälteste	die kältesten
	genitive	des kältesten	der kältesten	des kältesten	der kältesten
	dative	dem kältesten	der kältesten	dem kältesten	den kältesten
	accusative	den kältesten	die kälteste	das kälteste	die kältesten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein kältester	eine kälteste	ein kältestes	(keine) kältesten
	genitive	eines kältesten	einer kältesten	eines kältesten	(keiner) kältesten
	dative	einem kältesten	einer kältesten	einem kältesten	(keinen) kältesten
	accusative	einen kältesten	eine kälteste	ein kältestes	(keine) kältesten

Antonyms

warm, heiß (objects, weather etc.)
freundlich, passioniert (emotions)

Derived terms

arschkalt
bitterkalt
die kalte Schulter zeigen
hundekalt
scheißkalt
scheißekalt
kalt bleiben - keep one's temper
kalten Blutes - in cold blood
kalter Brand - gangrene
kaltes Fieber - ague

Related terms

Kälte f

Adverb

kaltCategory:German lemmas#KALT Category:German adverbs#KALT Category:German entries with incorrect language header#KALT Category:Pages with entries#KALT Category:Pages with 11 entries#KALT

(of rent-paying) as base rent; excluding utilities
Antonym: warm

Ich zahle 550 € kalt für meine Wohnung.
I pay €550 base rent for my apartment.
Category:German terms with usage examples#KALT

Derived terms

Kaltmiete

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European Category:Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European#KALT Category:Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#KALT *kel- (“to hit, strike”), cognates include Latin clādēs.^[1] See the latter for more.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈkālt]Category:Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation#KALT Category:Latvian words with level intonation#KALT

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Category:Requests for audio pronunciation in Latvian entries#KALT

Verb

kal̃t (transitive Category:Latvian transitive verbs, 1st conjugation, present kaļu, kal, kaļ, past kalu)Category:Latvian lemmas#KALT Category:Latvian verbs#KALT Category:Latvian entries with incorrect language header#KALT Category:Pages with entries#KALT Category:Pages with 11 entries#KALT

to forge
to hammer
to chisel
to coin (money)
to mint (money)
to shoe (a horse)
to peck (of a woodpecker)
to hew

Conjugation

Conjugation of *kalt* (1st)
	indicative (īstenības izteiksme)					imperative (pavēles izteiksme)
		present (tagadne)	past (pagātne)		future (nākotne)	imperative (pavēles izteiksme)
1st person sg	es	kaļu	kalu		kalšu	—
2nd person sg	tu	kal	kali		kalsi	kal
3rd person sg	viņš, viņa	kaļ	kala		kals	lai kaļ
1st person pl	mēs	kaļam	kalām		kalsim	kalsim
2nd person pl	jūs	kaļat	kalāt		kalsiet, kalsit	kaliet
3rd person pl	viņi, viņas	kaļ	kala		kals	lai kaļ

renarrative (atstāstījuma izteiksme)				participles (divdabji)
present	kaļot			present active 1 (adj.)		kaļošs
past	esot kalis			present active 2 (adv.)		kaldams
future	kalšot			present active 3 (adv.)		kaļot
imperative	lai kaļot			present active 4 (obj.)		kaļam
conditional (vēlējuma izteiksme)				past active		kalis
present	kaltu			present passive		kaļams
past	būtu kalis			past passive		kalts
debitive (vajadzības izteiksme)				nominal forms
indicative	(būt) jākaļ			infinitive (nenoteiksme)		kalt
conjunctive 1	esot jākaļ			negative infinitive		nekalt
conjunctive 2	jākaļot			verbal noun		kalšana

Category:Latvian first conjugation verbs Category:Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t Category:Latvian semi-palatalizing first conjugation verbs

References

↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “kalt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

kaltCategory:Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms#KALT Category:Norwegian Bokmål verb forms#KALT Category:Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header#KALT Category:Pages with entries#KALT Category:Pages with 11 entries#KALT

past participle of kalle

Old High German

Etymology

Category:Old High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#KALT Category:Old High German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-#KALT Category:Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic#KALT Category:Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#KALT Category:Old High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#KALT

From Proto-West Germanic Category:Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#KALT Category:Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#KALT *kald, whence also Old Saxon kald, Old English cald, Old Norse kaldr, Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 (kalds).

Adjective

kaltCategory:Old High German lemmas#KALT Category:Old High German adjectives#KALT Category:Old High German entries with incorrect language header#KALT Category:Pages with entries#KALT Category:Pages with 11 entries#KALT

cold

Declension

Strong declension of *kalt*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kaltēr, kalt	kaltiu, kalt	kaltaȥ, kalt
accusative	kaltan	kalta	kaltaȥ, kalt
genitive	kaltes	kaltera	kaltes
dative	kaltemu	kalteru	kaltemu
instrumental	kaltu	—	kaltu

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kalte, kalt	kalto, kalt	kaltiu, kalt
accusative	kalte	kalto	kaltiu, kalt
genitive	kaltero	kaltero	kaltero
dative	kaltēm	kaltēm	kaltēm

Weak declension of *kalt*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kalto	kalta	kalta
accusative	kalton	kaltūn	kalta
genitive	kalten	kaltūn	kalten
dative	kalten	kaltūn	kalten

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kalton	kaltūn	kalton
accusative	kalton	kaltūn	kalton
genitive	kaltōno	kaltōno	kaltōno
dative	kaltōm	kaltōm	kaltōm

Declension of comparative of *kalt*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kaltōro	kaltōra	kaltōra
accusative	kaltōron	kaltōrūn	kaltōra
genitive	kaltōren	kaltōrūn	kaltōren
dative	kaltōren	kaltōrūn	kaltōren

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kaltōron	kaltōrūn	kaltōron
accusative	kaltōron	kaltōrūn	kaltōron
genitive	kaltōrōno	kaltōrōno	kaltōrōno
dative	kaltōrōm	kaltōrōm	kaltōrōm

Strong declension of superlative *kalt*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kaltōstēr, kaltōst	kaltōstiu, kaltōst	kaltōstaȥ, kaltōst
accusative	kaltōstan	kaltōsta	kaltōstaȥ, kaltōst
genitive	kaltōstes	kaltōstera	kaltōstes
dative	kaltōstemu	kaltōsteru	kaltōstemu
instrumental	kaltōstu	—	kaltōstu

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kaltōste, kaltōst	kaltōsto, kaltōst	kaltōstiu, kaltōst
accusative	kaltōste	kaltōsto	kaltōstiu, kaltōst
genitive	kaltōstero	kaltōstero	kaltōstero
dative	kaltōstēm	kaltōstēm	kaltōstēm

Weak declension of superlative *kalt*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kaltōsto	kaltōsta	kaltōsta
accusative	kaltōston	kaltōstūn	kaltōsta
genitive	kaltōsten	kaltōstūn	kaltōsten
dative	kaltōsten	kaltōstūn	kaltōsten

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	kaltōston	kaltōstūn	kaltōston
accusative	kaltōston	kaltōstūn	kaltōston
genitive	kaltōstōno	kaltōstōno	kaltōstōno
dative	kaltōstōm	kaltōstōm	kaltōstōm

Derived terms

kaltī

Descendants

Middle High German: kalt
- Alemannic German: chalt
  Walser: chalt, choalt, cholt, chélte
- Bavarian: ckolt, kholt, kòlt, koid, kålt (Southern Bavarian, Carinthia, Tyrol), ckolt (Timau), kholt (Sauris), kòlt (Sappada)
  Cimbrian: kalt, khalt (Luserna, Sette Comuni)
  
  Mòcheno: khòlt, kòlt
- Central Franconian: kalt (inflected kaal)
  - Luxembourgish: kal
- German: kalt
- Pennsylvania German: kalt
- Vilamovian: kāłt
- Yiddish: קאַלט (kalt)

Old Norse

Adjective

kaltCategory:Old Norse non-lemma forms#KALT Category:Old Norse adjective forms#KALT Category:Old Norse entries with incorrect language header#KALT Category:Pages with entries#KALT Category:Pages with 11 entries#KALT

strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of kaldr

Swedish

Adjective

kaltCategory:Swedish non-lemma forms#KALT Category:Swedish adjective forms#KALT Category:Swedish entries with incorrect language header#KALT Category:Pages with entries#KALT Category:Pages with 11 entries#KALT

indefinite neuter singular of kal

[1] Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “kalt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[1]

Wikimore

kalt

Central Franconian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Usage notes

Inflection

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Adjective

Further reading

Dutch

Pronunciation

Verb

Anagrams

Faroese

Adjective

German

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Usage notes

Declension

Antonyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Adverb

Derived terms

Further reading

Latvian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

References

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

Old High German

Etymology

Adjective

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

Old Norse

Adjective

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

Adjective

Swedish

Adjective