prove

See also: prové, próve, prøve, and pro̱ve

English

Etymology 1

Category:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#PROVECategory:English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-#PROVE

From Middle EnglishCategory:English terms inherited from Middle English#PROVECategory:English terms derived from Middle English#PROVE proven, from Old EnglishCategory:English terms inherited from Old English#PROVECategory:English terms derived from Old English#PROVE prōfian (to esteem, regard as, evince, try, prove) and Old FrenchCategory:English terms derived from Old French#PROVE prover (to prove), both from LatinCategory:English terms derived from Latin#PROVE probō (test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove, verb), from probus (good, worthy, excellent), from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#PROVE *pro-bʰuH-s (being in front, prominent), from *pro-, *per- (toward) + *bʰuH- (to be). Displaced native Middle English sothen (to prove), from Old English sōþian (to prove). Doublet of probeCategory:English doublets#PROVE. More at for, be, soothe.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

prove (third-person singular simple present proves, present participle proving, simple past proved, past participle proved or proven)Category:English lemmas#PROVECategory:English verbs#PROVECategory:English entries with incorrect language header#PROVECategory:Pages with entries#PROVECategory:Pages with 6 entries#PROVE

  1. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#PROVE) To demonstrate that something is true or viable; to give proof for; to bear out; to testify.
    • 1577, Socrates Scholasticus [i.e., Socrates of Constantinople], “Constantinus the Emperour Summoneth the Nicene Councell, it was Held at Nicæa a Citie of Bythnia for the Debatinge of the Controuersie about the Feast of Easter, and the Rootinge out of the Heresie of Arius”, in Eusebius Pamphilus, Socrates Scholasticus, Evagrius Scholasticus, Dorotheus, translated by Meredith Hanmer, The Avncient Ecclesiasticall Histories of the First Six Hundred Yeares after Christ, Wrytten in the Greeke Tongue by Three Learned Historiographers, Eusebius, Socrates, and Euagrius. [...], book I (The First Booke of the Ecclesiasticall Historye of Socrates Scholasticvs), imprinted at London: By Thomas Vautroullier dwelling in the Blackefriers by Ludgate, →OCLC, page 225:
      [VV]e are able with playne demonſtration to proue, and vvith reaſon to perſvvade that in tymes paſt our fayth vvas alike, that then vve preached thinges correſpondent vnto the forme of faith already published of vs, ſo that none in this behalfe can repyne or gaynesay vs.
      Category:English terms with quotations#PROVE
    • 1749, [John Cleland], “(Please specify the letter or volume)”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], London: [] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] [], →OCLC:
      Mr. H …, whom no distinctions of that sort seemed to disturb, scarce gave himself or me breathing time from the last encounter, but, as if he had task'd himself to prove that the appearances of his vigour were not signs hung out in vain, in a few minutes he was in a condition for renewing the onset
      Category:English terms with quotations#PROVE
    • 2012 August 5, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, in AV Club, archived from the original on 11 August 2012:
      Valentine’s Day means different things for different people. For Homer, it means forking over a hundred dollars for a dusty box of chocolates at the Kwik-E-Mart after characteristically forgetting the holiday yet again. For Ned, it’s another opportunity to prove his love for his wife. Most germane to the episode, for Lisa, Valentine’s Day means being the only person in her entire class to give Ralph a Valentine after noticing him looking crestfallen and alone at his desk.
      Category:English terms with quotations#PROVE
    • 2013 June 7, Gary Younge, “Hypocrisy lies at heart of Manning prosecution”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 18:
      WikiLeaks did not cause these uprisings but it certainly informed them. The dispatches revealed details of corruption and kleptocracy that many Tunisians suspected, but could not prove, and would cite as they took to the streets. They also exposed the blatant discrepancy between the west's professed values and actual foreign policies.
      Category:English terms with quotations#PROVE
    • 2017 May 15, David Wright, “Kobach: ‘Election integrity’ panel ‘not set up to prove or to disprove’ Trump”, in CNN:
      “The commission is not set up to disprove or to prove President Trump’s claim, nor is it just looking at the 2016 election. We’re looking at all forms of election irregularities, voter fraud, voter registration fraud, voter intimidation, suppression, and looking at the vulnerabilities of the various elections we have in each of the 50 states,” Kobach told “New Day” co-host Chris Cuomo.
      Category:English terms with quotations#PROVE
    • 2025, Larry V. Hedges, Elizabeth Tipton, Designing Small Evaluation Studies, page 302:
      Importantly, the hypothesis cannot be proven to be true—it can only be proven to be false.
      Category:English terms with quotations#PROVE
    I will prove that my method is more effective than yours.Category:English terms with usage examples#PROVE
  2. (intransitiveCategory:English intransitive verbs#PROVE) To turn out; to manifest.
  3. (copulativeCategory:English copulative verbs#PROVE) To turn out to be.
    Have an exit strategy should your calculations prove incorrect.Category:English terms with usage examples#PROVE
  4. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#PROVE) To put to the test, to make trial of.
    They took the experimental car to the proving-grounds.Category:English terms with usage examples#PROVE
  5. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#PROVE) To ascertain or establish the genuineness or validity of; to verify.
  6. (archaicCategory:English terms with archaic senses#PROVE, transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#PROVE) To experience.
  7. (printingCategory:en:Printing#PROVE, datedCategory:English dated terms#PROVE, transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#PROVE) To take a trial impression of; to take a proof of.
    to prove a page
  8. Alternative form of proof (allow (dough) to rise; test the activeness of (yeast); pressure-test (a firearm)).
  9. (homeopathyCategory:en:Homeopathy#PROVE) To determine by experiment which effects a substance causes when ingested.
Usage notes

As the past participle of prove, proven is sometimes still discouraged, and proved is preferred (“have proved” rather than “have proven”). However, they are both about equally common in US English, and both are used and considered correct in UK English. In UK English, “proved” is more common,[1][2][3] but not, for example, in the very common expression “innocent until proven guilty” (rarely “innocent until proved guilty”).

In addition, as an attributive adjective, proven is much[3][1] more commonly used,[2] and proved is widely proscribed – “a proven method”, not “a proved method”.

Historically, proved is the older form, while proven arose as a Scottish variant – see etymology. Used in legal writing from the mid-17th century, it entered literary usage more slowly, only becoming significant in the 19th century, with the poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson, among the earliest frequent users (presumably for reasons of meter).[3] In the 19th century, proven was widely discouraged, and remained significantly less common through the mid-20th century (proved being used approximately four times as often); by the late 20th century it came to be used about equally often in US English.[3]

Conjugation
Derived terms
Translations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
See also
References
  1. 1 2 prove”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
  2. 1 2 “prove”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
  3. 1 2 3 4 prove”, in Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
  • Paul Brians (2009), “proved”, in Common Errors in English Usage, 2nd edition, Wilsonville, Or.: William, James & Company, →ISBN.

Noun

prove (plural proves)Category:English lemmas#PROVECategory:English nouns#PROVECategory:English countable nouns#PROVECategory:English entries with incorrect language header#PROVECategory:Pages with entries#PROVECategory:Pages with 6 entries#PROVE

  1. (bakingCategory:en:Baking#PROVE) The process of dough proofing.

Etymology 2

Simple past form of proove, conjugated as a Germanic strong verb, on the pattern of choosechose.

Pronunciation

Verb

proveCategory:English non-lemma forms#PROVECategory:English verb forms#PROVECategory:English entries with incorrect language header#PROVECategory:Pages with entries#PROVECategory:Pages with 6 entries#PROVE

  1. simple past of proove

Further reading

Anagrams

Category:English raising verbs#PROVECategory:English irregular verbs#PROVECategory:English verbs with weak preterite but strong past participle#PROVE

Dutch

Alternative forms

  • preuve (chiefly Northern Dutch)

Etymology

From Middle DutchCategory:Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch#PROVECategory:Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch#PROVE prove, from Middle FrenchCategory:Dutch terms derived from Middle French#PROVE preuve, from Old FrenchCategory:Dutch terms derived from Old French#PROVE prueve, from Medieval LatinCategory:Dutch terms derived from Medieval Latin#PROVE provenda, from older praebenda.

Pronunciation

Noun

prove f (plural proven, diminutive provetje n)Category:Dutch lemmas#PROVECategory:Dutch nouns#PROVECategory:Dutch nouns with plural in -en#PROVECategory:Dutch entries with incorrect language header#PROVECategory:Dutch feminine nouns#PROVECategory:Pages with entries#PROVECategory:Pages with 6 entries#PROVE

  1. a gift out of love
  2. a life-long maintenance

Derived terms

Friulian

Etymology

From LatinCategory:Friulian terms inherited from Latin#PROVECategory:Friulian terms derived from Latin#PROVE proba.

Noun

prove f (plural provis)Category:Friulian lemmas#PROVECategory:Friulian nouns#PROVECategory:Friulian entries with incorrect language header#PROVECategory:Friulian feminine nouns#PROVECategory:Pages with entries#PROVECategory:Pages with 6 entries#PROVE

  1. proof
  2. test, examination, trial
  3. evidence
  4. try

Italian

Noun

prove fCategory:Italian non-lemma forms#PROVECategory:Italian noun forms#PROVECategory:Italian entries with incorrect language header#PROVECategory:Pages with entries#PROVECategory:Pages with 6 entries#PROVE

  1. plural of prova

Anagrams

Ladino

Etymology

From Old SpanishCategory:Ladino terms inherited from Old Spanish#PROVECategory:Ladino terms derived from Old Spanish#PROVE [Term?]Category:Old Spanish term requests#PROVE, from LatinCategory:Ladino terms inherited from Latin#PROVECategory:Ladino terms derived from Latin#PROVE pauper, pauperem, from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:Ladino terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#PROVE *peh₂w- (few, small). Compare Spanish pobre.

Adjective

proveCategory:Ladino lemmas#PROVECategory:Ladino adjectives#PROVECategory:Ladino adjectives in Latin script#PROVECategory:Ladino entries with incorrect language header#PROVECategory:Pages with entries#PROVECategory:Pages with 6 entries#PROVE

  1. poor
    • 2012 November 21, Süzet Fransez, “Djudaizmo i globalizasyon”, in Şalom:
      Son nombrozas las personas ke pensan ke la globalizasyon va traer una monotonia i ke munchos paizes van a pedrer sus otentisidad, kostumbres, uzos de bivir ets... i ke los rikos van a ser mas rikos i los proves mas proves.
      Numerous are the people who think that globalization will bring about a monotony and that many countries will lose their authenticity, customs, way of life, etc... and that the rich will be richer and the poor poorer.
      Category:Ladino terms with quotations#PROVE

Portuguese

Pronunciation

Verb

proveCategory:Portuguese non-lemma forms#PROVECategory:Portuguese verb forms#PROVECategory:Portuguese entries with incorrect language header#PROVECategory:Pages with entries#PROVECategory:Pages with 6 entries#PROVE

  1. inflection of provar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative
Category:Dutch feminine nouns Category:Dutch lemmas Category:Dutch nouns Category:Dutch nouns with plural in -en Category:Dutch terms derived from Medieval Latin Category:Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch Category:Dutch terms derived from Middle French Category:Dutch terms derived from Old French Category:Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch Category:Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Dutch terms with audio pronunciation Category:English 1-syllable words Category:English copulative verbs Category:English countable nouns Category:English dated terms Category:English doublets Category:English intransitive verbs Category:English irregular verbs Category:English lemmas Category:English non-lemma forms Category:English nouns Category:English raising verbs Category:English terms derived from Latin Category:English terms derived from Middle English Category:English terms derived from Old English Category:English terms derived from Old French Category:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European Category:English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH- Category:English terms inherited from Middle English Category:English terms inherited from Old English Category:English terms with IPA pronunciation Category:English terms with archaic senses Category:English terms with audio pronunciation Category:English terms with collocations Category:English terms with quotations Category:English terms with usage examples Category:English transitive verbs Category:English verb forms Category:English verbs Category:English verbs with weak preterite but strong past participle Category:Entries with translation boxes Category:Friulian feminine nouns Category:Friulian lemmas Category:Friulian nouns Category:Friulian terms derived from Latin Category:Friulian terms inherited from Latin Category:Italian non-lemma forms Category:Italian noun forms Category:Ladino adjectives Category:Ladino adjectives in Latin script Category:Ladino lemmas Category:Ladino terms derived from Latin Category:Ladino terms derived from Old Spanish Category:Ladino terms derived from Proto-Indo-European Category:Ladino terms inherited from Latin Category:Ladino terms inherited from Old Spanish Category:Ladino terms with quotations Category:Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations Category:Old Spanish term requests Category:Pages with 6 entries Category:Pages with entries Category:Portuguese non-lemma forms Category:Portuguese verb forms Category:Quotation templates to be cleaned Category:Requests for review of Italian translations Category:Requests for translations into Albanian Category:Requests for translations into Georgian Category:Requests for translations into Yoruba Category:Rhymes:Dutch/oːvə Category:Rhymes:English/uːv Category:Rhymes:English/uːv/1 syllable Category:Rhymes:Portuguese/ɔvi Category:Rhymes:Portuguese/ɔvi/2 syllables Category:Terms with Afrikaans translations Category:Terms with Ancient Greek translations Category:Terms with Arabic translations Category:Terms with Armenian translations Category:Terms with Asturian translations Category:Terms with Basque translations Category:Terms with Bengali translations Category:Terms with Bulgarian translations Category:Terms with Catalan translations Category:Terms with Czech translations Category:Terms with Danish translations Category:Terms with Dutch translations Category:Terms with Esperanto translations Category:Terms with Estonian translations Category:Terms with Finnish translations Category:Terms with French translations Category:Terms with Friulian translations Category:Terms with Galician translations Category:Terms with German Low German translations Category:Terms with German translations Category:Terms with Gothic translations Category:Terms with Greek translations Category:Terms with Hebrew translations Category:Terms with Hindi translations Category:Terms with Hungarian translations Category:Terms with Icelandic translations Category:Terms with Ido translations Category:Terms with Indonesian translations Category:Terms with Italian translations Category:Terms with Japanese translations Category:Terms with Kazakh translations Category:Terms with Korean translations Category:Terms with Latin translations Category:Terms with Low German translations Category:Terms with Macedonian translations Category:Terms with Mandarin translations Category:Terms with Maore Comorian translations Category:Terms with Māori translations Category:Terms with Occitan translations Category:Terms with Old English translations Category:Terms with Persian translations Category:Terms with Polish translations Category:Terms with Portuguese translations Category:Terms with Romanian translations Category:Terms with Russian translations Category:Terms with Sardinian translations Category:Terms with Scots translations Category:Terms with Sicilian translations Category:Terms with Slovene translations Category:Terms with Spanish translations Category:Terms with Swahili translations Category:Terms with Swedish translations Category:Terms with Tagalog translations Category:Terms with Thai translations Category:Terms with Turkish translations Category:Terms with Ukrainian translations Category:Terms with Uzbek translations Category:Terms with Venetan translations Category:Terms with Vietnamese translations Category:en:Baking Category:en:Homeopathy Category:en:Printing