で

See also: て, ح, ج, خ, and Շ
Category:Character boxes with images#*0000012391
で U+3067, で
HIRAGANA LETTER DE
Composition:て [U+3066] + ◌゙ [U+3099] Category:Character boxes with compositions
← て
[U+3066] 		HiraganaCategory:Hiragana block#*0000012391 と →
[U+3068]
Category:Hiragana script characters#%20

Japanese

Stroke order
3 strokes

Pronunciation

Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent#て'

Etymology 1

The hiragana character て (te) with a dakuten (゛).

Syllable

で • (deCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で) Category:Japanese lemmas#て'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#て'Category:Japanese syllables#て'Category:Japanese hiragana#て'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#て'Category:Pages with entries#でCategory:Pages with 1 entry#で

  1. The hiragana syllable で (de). Its equivalent in katakana is デ (de).
See also

Etymology 2

Originally a contraction of にて (nite)Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で, later treated as a conjugation of the copula だ (da)Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で.

Particle

で • (deCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で) Category:Japanese lemmas#て'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#て'Category:Japanese particles#て'Category:Japanese hiragana#て'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#て'Category:Pages with entries#でCategory:Pages with 1 entry#で

  1. at, in:
    1. indicating a location or duration at which something happens
      ここで休(やす)みたい。
      Koko de yasumitai.
      I want to rest in here (at this location).
      Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'
    2. (Can we verify(+) this sense?)Category:Requests for verification in Japanese entries#て' indicating the carriage of something
      白(しろ)水(みず)着(ぎ)で泳(およ)いでみた
      Shiromizugi de oyoidemita
      I tried to swim in a white swimsuit
      Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'
  2. with, by, using: indicating the means by or with which something happens
    筆(ふで)ペンで書(か)く
    fudepen de kaku
    to write with a brush pen
    Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'
    自(じ)転(てん)車(しゃ)で行(い)きましょう。
    Jitensha de ikimashō.
    Let's go by bicycle.
    Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'
Alternative forms

Adverb

で • (deCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で) Category:Japanese lemmas#て'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#て'Category:Japanese adverbs#て'Category:Japanese hiragana#て'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#て'Category:Pages with entries#でCategory:Pages with 1 entry#で

  1. (informalCategory:Japanese informal terms#て') indicating the following sentence is a consequence of something previously stated: and then; therefore
    で？
    De?
    So what?
    Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'
    で？どうする？
    De? Dō suru?
    Well? What will you do?
    Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'
    で、オリンピックやめませんか？
    De, Orinpikku yamemasen ka?
    Then, should we just give up the Olympic Games?
    Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'

Verb

で • (deCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で) Category:Japanese non-lemma forms#て'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#て'Category:Japanese verb forms#て'Category:Japanese hiragana#て'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#て'Category:Pages with entries#でCategory:Pages with 1 entry#で

  1. is/am/are ... and: the て-form or conjunctive form of だ (da)Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で
    これは本(ほん)で、とても面(おも)白(しろ)いです。
    Kore wa hon de, totemo omoshiroi desu.
    This is a book, and it is very interesting.
    Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'

See also

Japanese basic inflections
Verbs-i adjectivesnouns and -na adjectives
NonpastPlainAffirmative Use the dictionary formstem + い (-i)noun + だ (da)
(noun + である (de aru))
Negative mizenkei + ない (-nai)Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#でstem + くない (-ku nai)noun + で（は）ない (de [wa] nai)
PoliteAffirmative ren'yōkei + ます (-masu)Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#でstem + いです (-i desu)noun + です (desu)Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で
Negative ren'yōkei + ません (-masen)stem + くないです (-ku nai desu)
stem + くありません (-ku arimasen)		noun + で（は）ないです (de [wa] nai desu)
noun + で（は）ありません (de [wa] arimasen)
PastPlainAffirmative ren'yōkei (with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs) + た (-ta)stem + かった (-katta)noun + だった (datta)
(noun + であった (de atta))
Negative mizenkei + なかった (-nakatta)stem + くなかった (-ku nakatta)noun + で（は）なかった (de [wa] nakatta)
PoliteAffirmative ren'yōkei + ました (-mashita)stem + かったです (-katta desu)noun + でした (deshita)
Negative ren'yōkei + ませんでした (-masen deshita)stem + くなかったです (-ku nakatta desu)
stem + くありませんでした (-ku arimasen deshita)		noun + で（は）なかったです (de [wa] nakatta desu)
noun + で（は）ありませんでした (de [wa] arimasen deshita)
VolitionalPlain mizenkei (of Group I verbs) + う (-u > -o)
mizenkei (of other verbs) + よう (-yō)Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で		†stem + かろう (-karō)
(stem + いだろう (-i darō))		noun + だろう (darō)
(noun + であろう (de arō))
Polite ren'yōkei + ましょう (-mashō)(stem + いでしょう (-i deshō))noun + でしょう (deshō)
Conjunctive ren'yōkei (with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs) + て (-te)stem + くて (-kute)noun + で (de)
(noun + であって (de atte))
Hypothetical conditional kateikei + ば (-ba)stem + ければ (-kereba)(noun + であれば (de areba))

Etymology 3

Assimilated form of て(te) (-te, conjunctive ending). The voicing occurs in the two following euphonic (onbin) environments

  • After a nasal sound N: For godan verbs ending in -mu, -nu, or -bu, the historical converbial form -mite, -nite, and -bite underwent nasalization and assimilation (hatsuonbin) to become -nde (んで), e.g. 読む (yomu) + て (-te) → 読みて (yomite) → *yomte → 読んで (yonde)
  • After a i originated from velar voiced sound: For godan verbs ending in -gu, the historical ending -gite lost the velar consonant g but retained the voicing on the suffix (i-onbin), e.g. 泳ぐ (oyogu) + て (-te) → 泳ぎて (oyogite) → oyoĩte → 泳いで (oyoide)

See also: て, Japanese conjugation § te form.

Suffix

で • (-deCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で) Category:Japanese lemmas#て'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#て'Category:Japanese suffixes#て'Category:Japanese hiragana#て'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#て'Category:Pages with entries#でCategory:Pages with 1 entry#で

  1. (conjunctive) used after godan verbs ending in -gu, -bu, -mu, or -nu form of て
    泳ぐ (oyogu, “to swim”) + で (-de) → 泳いで (oyoide, “swimming”)
    遊ぶ (asobu, “to play”) + で (-de) → 遊んで (asonde, “playing”)
    読む (yomu, “to read”) + で (-de) → 読んで (yonde, “reading”)
    死ぬ (shinu, “to die”) + で (-de) → 死んで (shinde, “dying”)

Etymology 4

Considered to be a contraction of にて (nite), where the ni is the continuative form of the negative auxiliary ず (zu)Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で. In use since Early Middle Japanese,[1] and first attested in The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter of the late 800s.[2]

Suffix

で • (-deCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で) Category:Japanese lemmas#て'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#て'Category:Japanese suffixes#て'Category:Japanese hiragana#て'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#て'Category:Pages with entries#でCategory:Pages with 1 entry#で

  1. [from late 800s] (Classical JapaneseCategory:Classical Japanese#て', archaicCategory:Japanese terms with archaic senses#て') Attaches to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of verbs to form the negative conjunctive, equivalent to the modern ないで (-naide)Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で or ずに (-zuni)Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で.

Etymology 5

Corrupted from ぜ (ze, sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis)Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で.

Particle

で • (deCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#でCategory:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#で) Category:Japanese lemmas#て'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#て'Category:Japanese particles#て'Category:Japanese hiragana#て'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#て'Category:Pages with entries#でCategory:Pages with 1 entry#で

  1. (dialectalCategory:Japanese dialectal terms#て', chiefly KansaiCategory:Kansai Japanese#て') sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis
    そないな事(こと)したらあかんで。
    Sonai na koto shitara akan de.
    You shouldn't do things like that.
    Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#て'

Etymology 6

For pronunciation and definitions of で – see the following entry.
【出】1 Category:Japanese nouns#て'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#て'Category:Japanese lemmas#て'Category:Japanese hiragana#て'Category:Japanese nouns#て'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#て'Category:Japanese lemmas#て'Category:Japanese hiragana#て'Category:Japanese verbs#て'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#て'Category:Japanese lemmas#て'Category:Japanese hiragana#て'
[noun] the process of something coming out
[noun] something that comes out
[verb] imperfective and stem (or continuative) forms of 出る (deru) [ichidan]
(This term, で (de), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.)
For a list of all kanji read as で, see Category:Japanese kanji read as で.
Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#て'Category:Pages with entries#でCategory:Pages with 1 entry#で

References

Category:Character boxes with compositions Category:Character boxes with images Category:Classical Japanese Category:Hiragana block Category:Hiragana script characters Category:Japanese adverbs Category:Japanese dialectal terms Category:Japanese hiragana Category:Japanese informal terms Category:Japanese lemmas Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks Category:Japanese non-lemma forms Category:Japanese nouns Category:Japanese particles Category:Japanese suffixes Category:Japanese syllables Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent Category:Japanese terms with archaic senses Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Category:Japanese terms with usage examples Category:Japanese verb forms Category:Japanese verbs Category:Kansai Japanese Category:Pages with 1 entry Category:Pages with entries Category:Requests for verification in Japanese entries