堅持
Chinese
strong; solid; firm strong; solid; firm; unyielding; resolute |
to grasp; to hold; support to grasp; to hold; support; manage; direct; maintain | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (堅持) | 堅 | 持 | |
| simp. (坚持) | 坚 | 持 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gin1 ci4
- Hakka
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ci-zy6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jiānchí
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ ㄔˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jianchíh
- Wade–Giles: chien1-chʻih2
- Yale: jyān-chŕ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianchyr
- Palladius: цзяньчи (czjanʹči)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gin1 ci4
- Yale: gīn chìh
- Cantonese Pinyin: gin1 tsi4
- Guangdong Romanization: gin1 qi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên-chhṳ̀
- Hakka Romanization System: gienˊ ciiˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian1 ci2
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiân-chhṳ̀
- Hakka Romanization System: gianˊ ciiˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian1 ci2
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯an²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: gienˋ chi
- Sinological IPA: /kien⁵³ t͡ʃʰi⁵⁵/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian-chhî
- Tâi-lô: kian-tshî
- Phofsit Daibuun: kienchii
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn³³ t͡sʰi²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi¹³/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian-tî
- Tâi-lô: kian-tî
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiendii
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ti¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: giang1 ti5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiang thî
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiaŋ³³⁻²³ tʰi⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Verb
堅持Category:Chinese lemmas#土08手06Category:Chinese verbs#土08手06Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#土08手06Category:Pages with entries#堅持Category:Pages with 3 entries#堅持
- to insist on; to persist with; to keep on (doing something); to stick to; to stick with; to persevere
- 堅持下去／坚持下去 ― jiānchí xiàqù ― to keep going; to carry onCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
- 帶病堅持工作／带病坚持工作 ― dàibìng jiānchí gōngzuò ― to keep working despite being illCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
- 堅持就是勝利。／坚持就是胜利。 ― Jiānchí jiùshì shènglì. ― Persistence is victory; Success belongs to the persevering.Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples
- to uphold; to assert; to stick up for; to safeguard; to protect; to maintain
- 堅持真理／坚持真理 ― jiānchí zhēnlǐ ― to uphold the truthCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
- 堅持原則／坚持原则 ― jiānchí yuánzé ― to uphold principlesCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
- 你需要進一步堅持自己的想法。 [MSC, trad.]
- Nǐ xūyào jìnyībù jiānchí zìjǐ de xiǎngfǎ. [Pinyin]
- You need to assert yourself more.
你需要进一步坚持自己的想法。 [MSC, simp.]
Synonyms
- (to uphold):
Antonyms
Derived terms
Related terms
Category:Beginning Mandarin#土08手06Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 堅 | 持 |
| けん Grade: S |
じ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Noun
堅持 • (kenjiCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#堅持Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#堅持) Category:Japanese lemmas#けんし'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#けんし'Category:Japanese nouns#けんし'Category:Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji#けんし'Category:Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji#けんし'Category:Japanese terms with 2 kanji#けんし'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#けんし'Category:Pages with entries#堅持Category:Pages with 3 entries#堅持
Synonyms
Verb
堅持する • (kenji suru) suru (stem 堅持し (kenji shi), past 堅持した (kenji shita))Category:Japanese lemmas#けんし'Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#けんし'Category:Japanese verbs#けんし'Category:Japanese verbs without transitivity#けんし'Category:Japanese suru verbs#けんし'Category:Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji#けんし'Category:Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji#けんし'Category:Japanese terms with 2 kanji#けんし'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#けんし'Category:Pages with entries#堅持Category:Pages with 3 entries#堅持
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 堅持し | けんじし | kenji shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 堅持し | けんじし | kenji shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 堅持する | けんじする | kenji suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 堅持する | けんじする | kenji suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 堅持すれ | けんじすれ | kenji sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 堅持せよ¹ 堅持しろ² |
けんじせよ¹ けんじしろ² |
kenji seyo¹ kenji shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 堅持される | けんじされる | kenji sareru |
| Causative | 堅持させる 堅持さす |
けんじさせる けんじさす |
kenji saseru kenji sasu |
| Potential | 堅持できる | けんじできる | kenji dekiru |
| Volitional | 堅持しよう | けんじしよう | kenji shiyō |
| Negative | 堅持しない | けんじしない | kenji shinai |
| Negative continuative | 堅持せず | けんじせず | kenji sezu |
| Formal | 堅持します | けんじします | kenji shimasu |
| Perfective | 堅持した | けんじした | kenji shita |
| Conjunctive | 堅持して | けんじして | kenji shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 堅持すれば | けんじすれば | kenji sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
- “堅持”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 堅 | 持 |
Verb
堅持Category:Vietnamese lemmas#土08手06Category:Vietnamese verbs#土08手06Category:Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header#土08手06Category:Pages with entries#堅持Category:Pages with 3 entries#堅持Category:Vietnamese verbs in Han script#土08手06
- chữ Hán form of kiên trì (“to persist; to persevere”)Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán