Etymology

dē- +‎ sumCategory:Latin terms prefixed with de-#SUM

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈdeː.sũː]Category:Latin 2-syllable words#DESUMCategory:Latin terms with IPA pronunciation#DESUM
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈdɛː.s̬um]Category:Latin 2-syllable words#DESUMCategory:Latin terms with IPA pronunciation#DESUM
• Note: The -ēe- found in forms such as dēesse, dēest, dēerunt generally scans in poetry as a single syllable, implying it was contracted in pronunciation to a single long -ē- sound (compare dēmō, dēbeō). There are however a few exceptions; Statius uses dēëst, pronounced in two syllables and without the expected shortening of a long vowel before another vowel.

Verb

dēsum (present infinitive deesse, perfect active dēfuī, future active participle dēfutūrus)Category:Latin lemmas#DESUMCategory:Latin verbs#DESUMCategory:Latin entries with incorrect language header#DESUMCategory:Pages with entries#DESUMCategory:Pages with 1 entry#DESUM; irregular conjugation, suppletive, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, no gerund

1. to be wanting/lacking (+ dative)

   Synonyms: careō, egeō, indigeō, dēlinquō, deficiō, cessō, perdō

   Antonyms: flōreō, niteō, abundō, affluō

   Dominus pāscit mē et nihil mihī dēerit.

   The Lord is my shepherd and nothing shall I want.

   (literally, “The Lord tends me as a shepherd and nothing for me will be lacking.”)

   Category:Latin terms with usage examples#DESUM

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.3:

     [...] nōn dēest reī pūblicae cōnsilium neque auctōritās hujus ōrdinis: nōs, nōs, dīcō apertē, cōnsulēs dēsumus.

     The Republic lacks neither the judgment nor the authority of this body: [it is] we — we, I say openly — we the consuls [who] are lacking.

     Category:Latin terms with quotations#DESUM
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.36:

     equitem maxime suis deesse viribus ratus

     thought that cavalry was what he chiefly lacked

     Category:Latin terms with quotations#DESUM
2. to fall short of, fail to obtain, miss

   Synonyms: discēdō, dēficiō, cadō, dēlinquō

   Antonyms: perficiō, impetrō, perpetrō, ēvincō

3. to abandon, to desert, to neglect

   Synonyms: relinquō, omittō, dēdō, concēdō, dēcēdō, dēserō, reddō, remittō, dēstituō, dēficiō, oblīvīscor, cēdō, permittō, dissimulō, trādō, addīcō, praetereō, neglegō, pōnō

   Dīmicantī dē fāmā deesse.

   To abandon one whose reputation is attacked.

   (literally, “To abandon against the pummeling of fame.”)

   Category:Latin terms with usage examples#DESUM

4. to be away, to be absent, to be missing

   Synonym: absum

   Antonyms: adsum, stō

References

• “dēsum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “desum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “dēsum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 510.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • I have no time to do something: tempus mihi deest ad aliquid faciendum
    
  • to neglect an opportunity: occasioni deesse
    
  • to assist, stand by a person: adesse alicui or alicuius rebus (opp. deesse)
    
  • to accede to a man's petitions: alicui petenti satisfacere, non deesse
    
  • I have nothing to write about: deest mihi argumentum ad scribendum (Att. 9. 7. 7)
    
  • to answer every question: percontanti non deesse (De Or. 1. 21. 97)
    
  • we have no expression for that: huic rei deest apud nos vocabulum
    
  • to neglect one's duty: officio suo deesse (Fam. 7. 3)
    
  • to take no part in politics: rei publicae deesse (opp. adesse)
    
  • to further the common weal: saluti rei publicae non deesse
    

  Category:Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
• “dēsum” on page 529 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)