ether

See also: Ether, éther, and eþer

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ-der.
Proto-Hellenic *áitʰō
Ancient Greek αἴθω (aíthō)
▲
Ancient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr)influ.?
Ancient Greek αἰθήρ (aithḗr)der.
Latin aethērder.
English ether
    Category:English terms derived from Proto-Hellenic#ETHERCategory:English terms derived from Ancient Greek#ETHERCategory:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#ETHERCategory:English terms derived from Latin#ETHERCategory:English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eydʰ-#ETHERCategory:Pages with etymology trees#ETHERCategory:English entries with etymology trees#ETHERCategory:Pages using etymon with no ID#ETHER

    From Middle EnglishCategory:English terms inherited from Middle English#ETHERCategory:English terms derived from Middle English#ETHER ēther (“the caelum aetherum of ancient cosmology in which the planets orbit; a shining, fluid substance described as a form of air or fire; air”),[1] borrowed from Anglo-NormanCategory:English terms derived from Anglo-Norman#ETHER ether and Middle FrenchCategory:English terms derived from Middle French#ETHER ether, ethere, aether, from Old FrenchCategory:English terms derived from Old French#ETHER aether (“highest and purest part of the atmosphere; medium supposedly filling the upper regions of space”) (modern French éther), or directly from its etymon LatinCategory:English terms derived from Latin#ETHER aethēr (“highest and purest part of the atmosphere; air; heavens, sky; light of day; ethereal matter surrounding a deity”) (note also New LatinCategory:English terms derived from New Latin#ETHER aethēr (“chemical compound analogous to diethyl ether”)), from Ancient GreekCategory:English terms derived from Ancient Greek#ETHER αἰθήρ (aithḗr, “purer upper air of the atmosphere; heaven, sky; theoretical medium supposed to fill unoccupied space and transmit heat and light”),[2][3] from αἴθω (aíthō, “to burn, ignite; to blaze, shine”), from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#ETHER *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn; fire”).

    The English word is cognate with Italian ether, ethera (both obsolete), etere, Middle Dutch ether (modern Dutch aether (obsolete), ether), German Äther, Ether, Portuguese éter, Spanish éter.[2]

    Noun

    ether (countable and uncountable, plural ethers)Category:English lemmas#ETHERCategory:English nouns#ETHERCategory:English uncountable nouns#ETHERCategory:English countable nouns#ETHERCategory:English countable nouns#ETHERCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#ETHERCategory:Pages with entries#ETHERCategory:Pages with 4 entries#ETHER

    An old metal flask used to hold ether (sense 5) for anesthetic purposes, produced by E. R. Squibb & Sons, New York, USA
    1. (uncountableCategory:English uncountable nouns#ETHER, literaryCategory:English literary terms#ETHER or poeticCategory:English poetic terms#ETHER) The substance formerly supposed to fill the upper regions of the atmosphere above the clouds, in particular as a medium breathed by deities.
      1. (by extension) The medium breathed by human beings; the air.
      2. (by extension) The sky, the heavens; the void, nothingness.
        • 2008 July 21, Steve Paulson, “Religion is Poetry”, in Salon‎, archived from the original on 30 August 2017:
          Take a snapshot of the conflicts around the world: Sunnis vs. Shiites, Israelis vs. Palestinians, Serbs vs. Kosovars, Indians vs. Pakistanis. They seem to be driven by religious hatred. It’s enough to make you wonder if the animosity would melt away if all religions were suddenly, somehow, to vanish into the ether. But James Carse doesn’t see them as religious conflicts at all. To him, they are battles over rival belief systems, which may or may not have religious overtones.
          Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
        • 2009 December, Sandra Tsing Loh, “On Being a Bad Mother: True Confessions”, in The Atlantic‎, →ISSN, archived from the original on 25 July 2018:
          In barely the blink of an eye, the perfectly healthy Judy entered a permanent vegetative state. […] What haunted me was the idea that one moment you’re gazing at your 2-year-old in her playroom and the next, you, the mother, have been whisked off into the ether forever.
          Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
        • 2018 May 7, Meg Downey, “Marvel’s Comic Soul Stone could Explain the Jump from Infinity War’s Ending to Avengers 4: A Brief History of Crazy Multidimensional Power”, in Polygon‎, archived from the original on 24 June 2018:
          There’s a very real chance that, rather than crumbling into the dust and floating off into the ether, Thanos’s victims [in the film Avengers: Infinity War] were actually sucked up into the Soul Stone.
          Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
    2. (uncountableCategory:English uncountable nouns#ETHER, physicsCategory:en:Physics#ETHER, historicalCategory:English terms with historical senses#ETHER) Often as aether and more fully as luminiferous aether: The hypothetical substance permeating space, functioning as a medium for electromagnetic waves to propagate through, and which does not exert resistance to the movement of matter; its existence is incompatible with Einstein's theory of relativity; famously found to be undetectable by the 1887 Michelson–Morley experiment.
      • 1679 February 28, Thomas Birch, quoting Isaac Newton, “The Life of the Honourable Robert Boyle. [Letter from Isaac Newton to Robert Boyle.]”, in Robert Boyle, The Works of the Honourable Robert Boyle. In Five Volumes. To which is Prefixed the Life of the Author, volume I, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, […], published 1744, →OCLC, page 70:
        I ſuppose this æther pervades all groſs bodies, but yet ſo as to ſtand rarer in their pores than in free ſpaces, and ſo much the rarer, as their pores are leſs. And this I ſuppose (with others) to be the cauſe, why light incident on thoſe bodies is refracted towards the perpendicular; […] I ſuppose the rarer æther within bodies, and then denſer without them, not to be terminated in a mathematical ſuperficies, but to grow gradually into one another; […]
        Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
      • 1747, Bryan Robinson, A Dissertation on the Æther of Sir Isaac Newton, London: Printed for Charles Hitch […], →OCLC; quoted in “Literary Memoirs. A Dissertation on the Æther of Sir Isaac Newton, by Bryan Robinson, M.D. London, Printed for Charles Hitch, at the Red Lion in Pater-noster-Row, 1747. Containing 140 Pages in Octavo, Exclusive of a Short Preface.”, in The Museum: Or, The Literary and Historical Register, volume III, number XXVIII, London: Printed for R[obert] Dodsley […], 11 April 1747, →OCLC, pages 59–60:
        Having ſhewn how the Æther cauſes a great part of the Phænomena of Nature, it may be aſked, whence this general material Cauſe has its great Activity and Power? […] This Cauſe muſt be either Matter or Spirit, there being nothing in the Univerſe, which we know if, beſides theſe two. But this Cauſe cannot be Matter: for Matter is in own Nature inert, and has not any Activity in itſelf; and conſequently cannot communicate any Power to the Æther. And therefore the Cauſe, which gives the Æther its Activity and Power, muſt be Spirit. Spirit, which intercedes the Particles of Æther, and gives them a repulſive Power, and ordains and executes the Laws, by which Æther and Bodies act mutually on one another, muſt be preſent in all Parts of Space, where there is Æther.
        Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
      • 1770 November 1, “Investigator” [pseudonym], “Of the Causes of Attraction and Repulsion”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XL, London: Printed […], for D[avid] Henry; and sold by F[rancis] Newbery […], →OCLC, page 497, column 1:
        The whole matter of the univerſe may be divided into atoms and æther. […] The latter, æther, is a ſubtile elaſtic fluid, whoſe particles have a continual tendency to ſeparate or fly off every way, unleſs impreſſed by ſome body: This æther ſurrounds each atom like an atmoſphere, and preſſes equally towards the center of each.
        Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
      • 1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, When the World Screamed‎:
        "The ether. The earth browses upon a circular path in the fields of space, and as it moves the ether is continually pouring through it and providing its vitality."
        Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
    3. (uncountableCategory:English uncountable nouns#ETHER, colloquialCategory:English colloquialisms#ETHER) The atmosphere or space as a medium for broadcasting radio and television signals; also, a notional space through which Internet and other digital communications take place; cyberspace.
      • H. P. Lovecraft, At the Mountains of Madness
        He held some friendly chat with Pabodie over the ether, and repeated his praise of the really marvelous drills that had helped him make his discovery.Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
      • 2013 June 14, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama’s Once Hip Brand is Now Tainted [online version: Obama is Like Apple, Google and Facebook: A Once Hip Brand Tainted by Prism]”, in The Guardian Weekly‎, volume 189, number 1, London, archived from the original on 26 September 2018, page 18:
        Now we are liberal with our innermost secrets, spraying them into the public ether with a generosity our forebears could not have imagined. Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet.
        Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
    4. (uncountableCategory:English uncountable nouns#ETHER, colloquialCategory:English colloquialisms#ETHER) A particular quality created by or surrounding an object, person, or place; an atmosphere, an aura.
    5. (uncountableCategory:English uncountable nouns#ETHER, organic chemistryCategory:en:Organic compounds#ETHER) Diethyl ether (C4H10O), an organic compound with a sweet odour used in the past as an anaesthetic.
    6. (countableCategory:English countable nouns#ETHER, organic chemistryCategory:en:Organic compounds#ETHER) Any of a class of organic compounds containing an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrocarbon groups.
      • 1838 March, “Action of Chlorine on Æthers”, in David Brewster, Richard Taylor, Richard Phillips, editors, The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, volume XII (3rd Series), number 74, London: Printed by R[ichard] and J[ohn] E[dward] Taylor, […], →OCLC, page 297:
        M. Malaguti finds that dry chlorine, while acting in the dark upon oxacid æthers, always attacks, and in a uniform manner, the sulphuric æther which is the base of them. […] The action of potash on the compound chloridized æthers is also constant and uniform: the results are always chloride of potassium, acetate of potash, and an organic salt with a base of potash, the acid of which is that which existed in the compound chloridized æther.
        Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
      • 1851, A[uguste André Thomas] Cahours, “[Notices of Papers Contained in the Foreign Journals.] On Anisol and Phenetol”, in Henry Watts, editor, The Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society of London, volume III, London: Hippolyte Bailliere, […]; Paris: J. B. Baillière, […]; Madrid: Bailly Baillière, […], →OCLC, page 78:
        When chlorine gas is passed in excess through salicylic ether (salicylae of ethyl) heated over a water-bath, a solid substance is formed which is soluble in hot alcohol, and crystallizes, on cooling, in beautiful colourless tables. This compound is bichloruretted salicylic ether, formed from salicylic ether (C18H10O6) by the substitution of 2 eq. chlorine for 2 eq. hydrogen: its composition is therefore C18H8Cl2O6.
        Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
      • 1858 October 15, M. Hanhart, “On Some New Æthers of Stearic and Margaric Acids”, in William Francis, editor, The Chemical Gazette, or, Journal of Practical Chemistry, in All Its Applications to Pharmacy, Arts and Manufactures, volume XVI, number CCCLXXXIV, London: Published by Taylor and Francis, […], page 384:
        […] I allude to the æthers formed by the union of fatty acids with different alcohols. […] With regard to the fatty æthers themselves, I prepared them generally by M. Berthelot's method, by heating the alcohol and the acid for a day at 392°F. in a tube hermetically sealed; the product was mixed with a little æther, and it was digested some time with slaked lime in the water-bath, to separate the free acid from the neutral compound.
        Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
      • 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 202:
        An old man to whom a few drops of phosphoric ether had been administered experienced repeated and imperious venereal wants.
        Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
    7. (uncountableCategory:English uncountable nouns#ETHER) Starting fluid.
    Alternative forms
    Derived terms
    Descendants
    Translations
    See also
    • firmament (also with multiple senses ranging from "sky" to "atmosphere" to "upper atmosphere" to "heaven")
    • welkin (also with multiple senses ranging from "sky" to "atmosphere" to "upper atmosphere" to "heaven")

    Etymology 2

    From “Ether” (2001), a song by the American hip hop recording artist Nas (born 1973). According to Nas, the song, a diss track aimed at fellow artist Jay-Z (born 1969), was thus named because he was once told that ghosts and spirits do not like the fumes from ether (noun, sense 5), and he viewed the song as affecting Jay-Z in a similar way. The song contains the lines “I fuck with your soul like ether” and “That ether, that shit that make your soul burn slow”.

    Verb

    ether (third-person singular simple present ethers, present participle ethering, simple past and past participle ethered)Category:English lemmas#ETHERCategory:English verbs#ETHERCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#ETHERCategory:Pages with entries#ETHERCategory:Pages with 4 entries#ETHER

    1. (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#ETHER, slangCategory:English slang#ETHER) To viciously humiliate or insult.
      Synonyms: see Thesaurus:abash
      The battle rapper ethered his opponent and caused him to slink away in shame.Category:English terms with usage examples#ETHER
      • 2014 February 26, Tom Ley, “HS Coach Gets Ethered by Girlfriend on FB, Resigns Amid Investigation”, in Deadspin‎, archived from the original on 22 October 2018:
        HS Coach Gets Ethered By Girlfriend On FB, Resigns Amid Investigation [article title] […] On Monday, a woman living in Bowling Green, Ky., used her Facebook page to unleash one of the coldest, boyfriend-crushingest Dear John letters you'll ever read.
        Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
      • 2015 August 15, “Pass the Remote: What is a Popular Show Everyone Loves but You Hate?”, in TV.com‎, archived from the original on 20 December 2018:
        Cory Barker: Game of Thrones is the easiest answer for me, but MaryAnn [Sleasman] did a fine job of ethering that overrated hunk of junk, so I'm free to take a few shots at Sherlock.
        Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
      • 2015 September 15, Kirsten Yoonsoo Kim, “Steven Soderbergh Ethers James Cameron to Promote His Brandy”, in Complex‎, archived from the original on 19 September 2015:
        Best of all, [Steven] Soderbergh, a shade queen of our time!!!, slyly ethers James Cameron: […]
        Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
      • 2016 February 25, Rohan Nadkarni, “How does Kanye West Tweet So Fast?: Some Working Theories—because these Rants are Coming at a Record Speed”, in GQ‎, archived from the original on 28 February 2016:
        On Wednesday, I found myself nodding along vigorously to the latest Kanye West Twitter screed, as this particular iteration included a call for more inclusion at the Grammys and one extremely polite ethering of Macklemore.
        Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
    Translations

    Etymology 3

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    ether (third-person singular simple present ethers, present participle ethering, simple past and past participle ethered)Category:English lemmas#ETHERCategory:English verbs#ETHERCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#ETHERCategory:Pages with entries#ETHERCategory:Pages with 4 entries#ETHER

    1. (UKCategory:British English#ETHER dialectalCategory:English dialectal terms#ETHER) Alternative form of edder.
      • 1849, William Raynbird, Hugh Raynbird, On the Agriculture of Suffolk, page 291:
        Ether and Ethers (rhyme to whether)—the operation of running a line of hazle or other flexible wands intertwiningly along the top of a hedge, to keep it more firmly within the hedge-stakes. "Mind you ether it right strong." To "bond" a hedge has the same meaning.
        Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
      • 1886, Gertrude Elizabeth Blood Campbell, A Book of the Running Brook, and of Still Waters, page 122:
        In the edition of 1760 of "The Complete Angler" there is a curious quotation from Bowlker, who was a great authority on fish-ponds, in which he recommends:— "When you intend to stick a pool with carp or tench, make a close ethering hedge across the head of the pool about a yard distance of the dam, and about three foot above the water, which is the best refuge for them I know of, and the only method to preserve pool-fish; […] "
      • 1895, John Richard de Capel Wise, The New Forest: Its History and Its Scenery, page 193:
        The labourer still sits under the lew (hleow, or "hleowð," shelter, warmth) of the hedge, which has has been ethering ("eðer," a hedge); […]
        Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER
      • 1924, Alexander Christison Drummie, Practical Forestry from a Workman's Point of View, page 103:
        […] and he must first ascertain its [the hedge's] length, which will give him an idea of the number of stakes and ethering rods required.
        Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER

    Etymology 4

    Noun

    ether (plural ether)Category:English lemmas#ETHERCategory:English nouns#ETHERCategory:English countable nouns#ETHERCategory:English nouns with irregular plurals#ETHERCategory:English indeclinable nouns#ETHERCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#ETHERCategory:Pages with entries#ETHERCategory:Pages with 4 entries#ETHER

    1. (cryptocurrenciesCategory:en:Cryptocurrency#ETHER) Alternative letter-case form of Ether.
      • 2018, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Gavin Wood, Mastering Ethereum: Building Smart Contracts and DApps‎, O'Reilly Media, →ISBN:
        Gas is not ether–it's a separate virtual currency with its own exchange rate against ether.
        Category:English terms with quotations#ETHER

    References

    1. ↑ “ēther, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 19 December 2018.
    2. 1 2 “ether, n.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, March 2014.
    3. ↑ “ether”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

    Further reading

    Anagrams

    Category:en:Obsolete scientific theories#ETHER

    Dutch

    Etymology

    From Middle DutchCategory:Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch#ETHERCategory:Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch#ETHER ether, from LatinCategory:Dutch terms derived from Latin#ETHER aethēr, from Ancient GreekCategory:Dutch terms derived from Ancient Greek#ETHER αἰθήρ (aithḗr).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    ether m (plural ethers, no diminutive)Category:Dutch lemmas#ETHERCategory:Dutch nouns#ETHERCategory:Dutch nouns with plural in -s#ETHERCategory:Dutch entries with incorrect language header#ETHERCategory:Dutch masculine nouns#ETHERCategory:Pages with entries#ETHERCategory:Pages with 4 entries#ETHER

    1. (broadcastingCategory:nl:Broadcasting#ETHER, uncountableCategory:Dutch uncountable nouns#ETHER) air, broadcasting
      De televisieaanbieder gaat digitale televisie via de ether uitzenden.
      The television provider is going to broadcast digital television over the air.
      Category:Dutch terms with usage examples#ETHER
    2. (organic chemistryCategory:nl:Organic chemistry#ETHER) ether (organic compound containing an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrocarbon groups)
    3. (historicalCategory:Dutch terms with historical senses#ETHER) ether (fifth element of Aristotelian natural philosophy, supposed to be the building block of the heavens)
      Synonym: kwintessens
    4. (historicalCategory:Dutch terms with historical senses#ETHER, physicsCategory:nl:Physics#ETHER) ether (luminiferous aether, medium in which electromagnetic waves were supposed to occur)

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    Anagrams

    Portuguese

    Noun

    ether m (plural etheres or ethers)Category:Portuguese lemmas#ETHERCategory:Portuguese nouns#ETHERCategory:Portuguese countable nouns#ETHERCategory:Portuguese nouns with multiple plurals#ETHERCategory:Portuguese entries with incorrect language header#ETHERCategory:Portuguese masculine nouns#ETHERCategory:Pages with entries#ETHERCategory:Pages with 4 entries#ETHER

    1. pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of éterCategory:Portuguese forms superseded in 1943#ETHERCategory:Portuguese forms superseded in 1911#ETHER

    Welsh

    Alternative forms

    Etymology

    Borrowed from LatinCategory:Welsh terms borrowed from Latin#ETERCategory:Welsh terms derived from Latin#ETER aether.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    ether f (usually uncountable, plural ethra or ethera)Category:Welsh lemmas#ETERCategory:Welsh nouns#ETERCategory:Welsh countable nouns#ETERCategory:Welsh uncountable nouns#ETERCategory:Welsh entries with incorrect language header#ETERCategory:Welsh feminine nouns#ETERCategory:Pages with entries#ETHERCategory:Pages with 4 entries#ETHERCategory:Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines#ETERCategory:Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines#ETER

    1. (uncountableCategory:Welsh uncountable nouns#ETER, literaryCategory:Welsh literary terms#ETER, poeticCategory:Welsh poetic terms#ETER) ether (a mystical substance formerly thought to fill the upper atmosphere, firmament, the sky, the heavens)
      Synonyms: nwyfre, nyfel, nyfelwy, yr elfen dânCategory:Welsh links with redundant wikilinks#ETHER
    2. (uncountableCategory:Welsh uncountable nouns#ETER, physicsCategory:cy:Physics#ETER, historicalCategory:Welsh terms with historical senses#ETER) luminiferous aether (a substance formerly thought to fill all unoccupied space that allowed electromagnetic waves to pass through it and interact with matter, without interacting with them itself)
      Synonym: nwyfre
    3. (uncountableCategory:Welsh uncountable nouns#ETER, organic chemistryCategory:cy:Organic compounds#ETER) ether, diethyl ether (C4H10O)
      Synonym: gwirfwy
      1. (countableCategory:Welsh countable nouns#ETER) an ether (one of a class of organic compounds containing an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrocarbon groups)

    Synonyms

    Mutation

    Mutated forms of ether
    radical soft nasal h-prothesis
    ether unchanged unchanged hether

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    References

    • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “ether”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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