frost
English
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Middle EnglishCategory:English terms inherited from Middle English#FROSTCategory:English terms derived from Middle English#FROST frost, from an unmetathesized variant of Old EnglishCategory:English terms inherited from Old English#FROSTCategory:English terms derived from Old English#FROST forst (“frost”), from Proto-GermanicCategory:English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#FROSTCategory:English terms derived from Proto-Germanic#FROST *frustaz (“frost”), from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#FROST *prews- (“to freeze; frost”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Froast, Fröäst (“frost”), West Frisian froast (“frost”), Cimbrian bròst, vrost, vròst (“frost”), Dutch vorst (“frost”), German Frost (“frost”), Luxembourgish Frascht (“frost”), Vilamovian fröst (“frost”), Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, Swedish frost (“frost”), Latin pruīna (“hoarfrost, frost, rime, snow”). Related to freeze.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /fɹɒst/Category:English 1-syllable words#FROSTCategory:English terms with IPA pronunciation#FROST
- (General American) IPA(key): /fɹɔst/Category:English 1-syllable words#FROSTCategory:English terms with IPA pronunciation#FROST
- (cot–caught merger) IPA(key): /fɹɑst/Category:English 1-syllable words#FROSTCategory:English terms with IPA pronunciation#FROST
- Rhymes: -ɒst, -ɔːstCategory:Rhymes:English/ɒst#FROSTCategory:Rhymes:English/ɒst/1 syllable#FROSTCategory:Rhymes:English/ɔːst#FROSTCategory:Rhymes:English/ɔːst/1 syllable#FROST
Noun
frost (countable and uncountable, plural frosts)Category:English lemmas#FROSTCategory:English nouns#FROSTCategory:English uncountable nouns#FROSTCategory:English countable nouns#FROSTCategory:English countable nouns#FROSTCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#FROSTCategory:Pages with entries#FROSTCategory:Pages with 10 entries#FROST
- A cover of minute ice crystals on objects that are exposed to the air. Frost is formed by the same process as dew, except that the temperature of the frosted object is below freezing.
- The cold weather that causes these ice crystals to form.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 31:40:
- Thus I was; in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep departed from mine eyes.Category:English terms with quotations#FROST
- 1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, published 1973, § 47:
- It is more probable, in almost every country of Europe, that there will be frost sometime in January, than that the weather will continue open throughout that whole month;Category:English terms with quotations#FROST
- (figurative) Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity of character.
- 1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC:
- It was one of those moments of intense feeling when the frost of the Scottish people melts like a snow-wreath.Category:English terms with quotations#FROST
- 1927, Ernest Bramah, Max Carrados Mysteries:
- Up to that time the girl had never really done her hair, and she regarded boots merely as things to protect the feet. Suddenly it dawned on her that she was considered plain and that she diffused an atmosphere of intellectual frost.Category:English terms with quotations#FROST
- (obsoleteCategory:English terms with obsolete senses#FROST) The act of freezing; the congelation of water or other liquid.
- A shade of white, like that of frost.
- frost:
- (slangCategory:English slang#FROST, datedCategory:English dated terms#FROST) A disappointment; a cheat.
- (televisionCategory:en:Television#FROST) A kind of light diffuser.
- 2013, Alan Bermingham, Location Lighting for Television, pages 9–26:
- Frosts and diffusion are flame retardant and produce similar results except that some of the frosts are very subtle in their effects. For example: Hamburg Frost will soften the beam edge with little additional spread of the beam.Category:English terms with quotations#FROST
Derived terms
- antifrost
- befrost
- black frost
- defrost
- degree of frost
- duck's frost, duck-frost
- frost beard
- frost-bearer
- frostbird
- frostbite
- frostbitten
- frost-blite
- frostbound
- frostbow
- frostburn
- frost burn
- frost fair
- frost faire
- frostfish
- frost flower
- frost giant
- frost grape
- frost heave
- frost heaving
- frost hollow
- frostie
- frost lamp
- frostless
- frostlike
- frost line
- frost moon
- frost-nail
- frost nail
- frostnip
- frost piece
- frost pocket
- frost point
- frostproof
- frost quake
- frost smoke
- frost-stache
- frost-tender
- frost up
- frost weathering
- frost wedging
- frostweed
- frostwork
- frost-worked
- frostwort
- frosty
- ground frost
- hoar-frost
- hoar frost, hoarfrost
- Jack Frost
- killing frost
- permafrost
- silver frost
- superfrost
- tempofrost
- uraemic frost
- uremic frost
- white frost
Translations
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb
frost (third-person singular simple present frosts, present participle frosting, simple past and past participle frosted)Category:English lemmas#FROSTCategory:English verbs#FROSTCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#FROSTCategory:Pages with entries#FROSTCategory:Pages with 10 entries#FROST
- (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#FROST) To cover with frost.
- (intransitiveCategory:English intransitive verbs#FROST) To become covered with frost.
- 1975, Brian W. Blouet, Merlin P. Lawson, editors, Images of the Plains: The Role of Human Nature in Settlement, University of Nebraska Press, page 142:
- “The weather is pleasant while it frosted a little at night.”Category:English terms with quotations#FROST
- (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#FROST) To coat (something, e.g. a cake) with icing to resemble frost.
- (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#FROST, informalCategory:English informal terms#FROST) To anger or annoy.
- I think the boss's decision frosted him a bit.Category:English terms with usage examples#FROST
- (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#FROST) To sharpen (the points of a horse's shoe) to prevent it from slipping on ice.
- (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#FROST) To bleach individual strands of hair while leaving adjacent strands untouched.
Derived terms
Translations
Anagrams
Category:en:Atmospheric phenomena#FROSTCategory:en:Anger#FROSTDanish
Etymology
From Old NorseCategory:Danish terms derived from Old Norse#FROST frost.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /frɔst/, [fʁ̥ʌsd̥]Category:Danish terms with IPA pronunciation#FROST
Noun
frost c (singular definite frosten, not used in plural form)Category:Danish lemmas#FROSTCategory:Danish nouns#FROSTCategory:Danish entries with incorrect language header#FROSTCategory:Danish common-gender nouns#FROSTCategory:Pages with entries#FROSTCategory:Pages with 10 entries#FROST
Declension
References
- “frost” in Den Danske Ordbog
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old NorseCategory:Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse#FROSTCategory:Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse#FROST frost.
Pronunciation
Noun
frost n (genitive singular frosts, nominative plural frost)Category:Icelandic lemmas#FROSTCategory:Icelandic nouns#FROSTCategory:Icelandic entries with incorrect language header#FROSTCategory:Icelandic neuter nouns#FROSTCategory:Pages with entries#FROSTCategory:Pages with 10 entries#FROST
Declension
See also
Middle English
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Old EnglishCategory:Middle English terms inherited from Old English#FROSTCategory:Middle English terms derived from Old English#FROST frost, forst, from Proto-West GermanicCategory:Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#FROSTCategory:Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#FROST *frost, from Proto-GermanicCategory:Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#FROSTCategory:Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic#FROST *frustaz, *frustą. Akin to Middle Dutch vorst, Middle High German vrost, Middle Low German vrost, and Old Swedish frost.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /frɔst/, /fɔrst/Category:Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation#FROST
Noun
frostCategory:Middle English lemmas#FROSTCategory:Middle English nouns#FROSTCategory:Middle English entries with incorrect language header#FROSTCategory:Pages with entries#FROSTCategory:Pages with 10 entries#FROST (plural frostes)
- Cold or freezing weather; weather causing frost.
- Frost or rime; frozen dew or water droplets.
- Hail; precipitation below freezing temperature.
- (rareCategory:Middle English terms with rare senses#FROST, figurative) Something with a chilling effect.
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- “frost, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 31 October 2018.
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Old NorseCategory:Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse#FROST frost n.
Noun
frost m (definite singular frosten)Category:Norwegian Bokmål lemmas#FROSTCategory:Norwegian Bokmål nouns#FROSTCategory:Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header#FROSTCategory:Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns#FROSTCategory:Pages with entries#FROSTCategory:Pages with 10 entries#FROST
Derived terms
References
- “frost” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old NorseCategory:Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse#FROST frost n.
Noun
frost m (definite singular frosten)Category:Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas#FROSTCategory:Norwegian Nynorsk nouns#FROSTCategory:Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header#FROSTCategory:Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns#FROSTCategory:Pages with entries#FROSTCategory:Pages with 10 entries#FROST
Derived terms
References
- “frost” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
Noun
frost mCategory:Old English lemmas#FROSTCategory:Old English nouns#FROSTCategory:Old English entries with incorrect language header#FROSTCategory:Old English masculine nouns#FROSTCategory:Pages with entries#FROSTCategory:Pages with 10 entries#FROST
- alternative form of forst, produced by metathesis
Old High German
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-GermanicCategory:Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#FROSTCategory:Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic#FROST *frustaz, *frustą. Cognate with to Old English frost and Old Norse frost.
Noun
frost mCategory:Old High German lemmas#FROSTCategory:Old High German nouns#FROSTCategory:Old High German entries with incorrect language header#FROSTCategory:Old High German masculine nouns#FROSTCategory:Pages with entries#FROSTCategory:Pages with 10 entries#FROST
Declension
| case | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | frost | frostā, frosta |
| accusative | frost | frostā, frosta |
| genitive | frostes | frosto |
| dative | froste | frostum |
| instrumental | frostu | — |
Derived terms
Descendants
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-GermanicCategory:Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#FROSTCategory:Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic#FROST *frustą, *frustaz, akin to Old English frost, Old High German frost.
Noun
frost nCategory:Old Norse lemmas#FROSTCategory:Old Norse nouns#FROSTCategory:Old Norse entries with incorrect language header#FROSTCategory:Old Norse neuter nouns#FROSTCategory:Pages with entries#FROSTCategory:Pages with 10 entries#FROST
Descendants
Further reading
- Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “frost”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
Swedish
Etymology
From Old NorseCategory:Swedish terms derived from Old Norse#FROST frost, from Proto-GermanicCategory:Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic#FROST *frustą, *frustaz.
Pronunciation
Noun
frost cCategory:Swedish lemmas#FROSTCategory:Swedish nouns#FROSTCategory:Swedish entries with incorrect language header#FROSTCategory:Swedish common-gender nouns#FROSTCategory:Pages with entries#FROSTCategory:Pages with 10 entries#FROST
Declension
| nominative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | indefinite | frost | frosts |
| definite | frosten | frostens | |
| plural | indefinite | — | — |
| definite | — | — |
See also
References
- “frost”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
- “frost”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
- “frost”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)