summon
English
Etymology 1
Category:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#SUMMONCategory:English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *men- (think)#SUMMONFrom Anglo-NormanCategory:English terms derived from Anglo-Norman#SUMMON somoundreCategory:English undefined derivations#SUMMON, from Old FrenchCategory:English terms derived from Old French#SUMMON sumundreCategory:English undefined derivations#SUMMON, from LatinCategory:English terms derived from Latin#SUMMON summonēreCategory:English undefined derivations#SUMMON, itself from sub + monēre, ultimately from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#SUMMON *monéyeti, causative from *men- (“to think”).
Compare typologically from the same PIE root mention, Russian помина́ть (pominátʹ), упомина́ть (upominátʹ) (developed less further, keeping strong relation with по́мнить (pómnitʹ)), also compare помина́й как зва́ли (pomináj kak zváli) (<+ звать (zvatʹ)).
Pronunciation
Verb
summon (third-person singular simple present summons, present participle summoning, simple past and past participle summoned)Category:English lemmas#SUMMONCategory:English verbs#SUMMONCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#SUMMONCategory:Pages with entries#SUMMONCategory:Pages with 1 entry#SUMMON
- (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#SUMMON) To call people together; to convene; to convoke.
- 2007, John Zerzan, Silence:
- Silence is primary, summoning presence to itself; so it's a connection to the realm of origin.Category:English terms with quotations#SUMMON
- (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#SUMMON) To ask someone to come; to send for.
- 1995, Explorers & Discoverers, volume 2, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 753:
- The cousins separated, and Nain Singh joined a caravan posing as a merchant. This time he crossed the border successfully. Singh eventually entered Jih-k’a-tse, the second-largest city in Tibet. It was in Jih-k’a-tse that he was summoned to meet the country’s second-highest religious authority, the Panchen Lama, who turned out to be only 11 years old.Category:English terms with quotations#SUMMON
- To order (goods) and have delivered
- 2019 November 21, Samanth Subramanian, “How our home delivery habit reshaped the world”, in The Guardian:
- You can summon groceries, alcohol and medicines to your home: chips and vodka on New Year’s Eve, say, and then aspirin on New Year’s Day.Category:English terms with quotations#SUMMON
- (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#SUMMON) To rouse oneself to exert a skill.
- 1866, Pierre Bigandet, The Life or Legend of Gaudama, the Buddha of the Burmese, with annotations and notice on the Phongyies or Burmese monks, page 396:
- For securing the attainment of what he considered to be a most desirable end, he summoned all his abilities with a most praiseworthy energy and perseverance.Category:English terms with quotations#SUMMON
- 2011, Sister Louise Sweigart, cgs, Joseph: A Guiding Light, Inspiring Voices →ISBN, page 61
- Joseph needed to summon all his reserve to keep his self-control, for no sooner had Asa voiced his request than Joseph recalled his remark to Aaron about a child being given to this couple in lieu of their giving Mary to him.
- November 2 2014, Daniel Taylor, "Sergio Agüero strike wins derby for Manchester City against 10-man United," guardian.co.uk
- City will feel nonplussed when they review the tape and Pellegrini had to summon all his restraint in the post-match interviews.
- (fantasyCategory:en:Fantasy#SUMMON, transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#SUMMON) To call a resource by magic.
- 2010, Kay Hooper, The Wizard of Seattle, Fanfare, →ISBN:
- “Why won't you teach me to summon water? I can summon fire so easily, it's only logical that I should learn to put out my mistakes.”Category:English terms with quotations#SUMMON
- (lawCategory:en:Law#SUMMON, transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#SUMMON) To summons; convene.
Conjugation
Derived terms
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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Noun
summon (plural summons)Category:English lemmas#SUMMONCategory:English nouns#SUMMONCategory:English countable nouns#SUMMONCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#SUMMONCategory:Pages with entries#SUMMONCategory:Pages with 1 entry#SUMMON
- (video gamesCategory:en:Video games#SUMMON) A creature magically summoned to do the summoner's bidding.
- 2023 October 30, Nyah Payne, “Baldur's Gate 3: Best Summons, Ranked”, in Gamerant:
- Conjuration magic in Baldur's Gate 3 allows players to summon a variety of helpful creatures […] These summons can assist players in combat and exploration, providing strategic advantages with their unique abilities.Category:English terms with quotations#SUMMON
- call, command, order (Can we add an example for this sense?)Category:Requests for example sentences in English#SUMMON
- quoted in 2013, Robin Sterling, People and Things from the Cullman, Alabama Tribune 1898-1913 (page 172)
- The deceased was 58 years of age, was the picture of health even five or six hours prior to his death, when suddenly the grim messenger came with a summon from a Higher Tribunal, calling him to duties above.
- quoted in 2013, Robin Sterling, People and Things from the Cullman, Alabama Tribune 1898-1913 (page 172)
Etymology 2
Borrowed from MalayCategory:English terms borrowed from Malay#SUMMONCategory:English terms derived from Malay#SUMMON saman (“fine, financial penalty”), which is itself borrowed from EnglishCategory:English terms borrowed back into English#SUMMON summons (“notice summoning someone to appear in court”). This sense re-emerged in English as summon likely due to the erroneous belief that the original singular English word summons is plural. Doublet of summons and samanCategory:English doublets#SUMMON.
Noun
summon (plural summons)Category:English lemmas#SUMMONCategory:English nouns#SUMMONCategory:English countable nouns#SUMMONCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#SUMMONCategory:Pages with entries#SUMMONCategory:Pages with 1 entry#SUMMON
- (MalaysiaCategory:Malaysian English#SUMMON, colloquialCategory:English colloquialisms#SUMMON, slangCategory:English slang#SUMMON) A fine; a fee or monetary penalty incurred for breaking the law; usually for a minor offence such as a traffic violation.
- Synonyms: summons, saman
- You better pay off the parking summon tomorrow before you kena interest on it.Category:English terms with usage examples#SUMMON
- (MalaysiaCategory:Malaysian English#SUMMON, colloquialCategory:English colloquialisms#SUMMON, slangCategory:English slang#SUMMON) A notice of an infringement of the law, usually incurring such a penalty; a citation or ticket.
Derived terms
Verb
summon (third-person singular simple present summons, present participle summoning, simple past and past participle summoned)Category:English lemmas#SUMMONCategory:English verbs#SUMMONCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#SUMMONCategory:Pages with entries#SUMMONCategory:Pages with 1 entry#SUMMON
- (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#SUMMON, MalaysiaCategory:Malaysian English#SUMMON, colloquialCategory:English colloquialisms#SUMMON, slangCategory:English slang#SUMMON) To impose such a fine or penalty, or to issue a notice thereof.
- The police summoned the driver for speeding.Category:English terms with usage examples#SUMMON
- They kena summoned for littering.Category:English terms with usage examples#SUMMON
