Wikimore

Historical forms of the character 尚
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
當	taːŋ, taːŋs
襠	*taːŋ
鐺	taːŋ, sʰraːŋ
簹	*taːŋ
璫	*taːŋ
檔	taːŋ, taːŋs
儅	taːŋ, taːŋs
蟷	*taːŋ
擋	taːŋʔ, taːŋs
黨	taːŋʔ, tʰaːŋʔ
讜	*taːŋʔ
欓	*taːŋʔ
譡	*taːŋs
闣	*taːŋs
瓽	*taːŋs
鏜	*tʰaːŋ
闛	tʰaːŋ, daːŋ
鼞	*tʰaːŋ
曭	*tʰaːŋʔ
儻	tʰaːŋʔ, tʰaːŋs
戃	*tʰaːŋʔ
矘	*tʰaːŋʔ
爣	*tʰaːŋʔ
攩	hl'aːŋʔ, ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs
淌	*tʰaːŋʔ
倘	*tʰaːŋʔ
躺	*tʰaːŋʔ
趟	tʰaːŋs, rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs
堂	*daːŋ
坣	*daːŋ
棠	*daːŋ
糛	*daːŋ
螳	*daːŋ
隚	*daːŋ
橖	*daːŋ
掌	*tjaŋʔ
廠	tʰjaŋʔ, tʰjaŋs
敞	*tʰjaŋʔ
僘	*tʰjaŋʔ
氅	*tʰjaŋʔ
常	*djaŋ
嘗	*djaŋ
裳	*djaŋ
徜	*djaŋ
尚	djaŋ, djaŋs
甞	*djaŋ
鋿	*djaŋ
嫦	*djaŋ
償	djaŋ, djaŋs
賞	*hjaŋʔ
瞠	*rtʰaːŋ
撐	*rtʰaːŋ
樘	*rtʰaːŋ
橕	*rtʰaːŋ
牚	*rtʰaːŋs
埫	*tʰoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs)Category:Han phono-semantic compounds#小05: semantic 八 + phonetic 向 (OC *hljaŋs, *hlaŋs)Category:Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#尚. Similar to 冋.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan Category:Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan#小05 Category:Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan#小05 *C-rjaŋ (“uncle, superior”) (STEDT; cf. Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tVŋ (“, upper part, rise, raise, top, summit”)). Cognate with 丈 (OC *daŋʔ) "gentleman, older man, husband", Tibetan ཨ་ཞང (a zhang, “maternal uncle”), Burmese အရှင် (a.hrang, “master, lord”), etc.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): shàng (shang⁴Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#尚)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): shāng
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng⁶

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): soeng³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): siang⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): song

(Hailu, HRS): shong^˖

(Meixian, Guangdong): song⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): son³
Eastern Min (BUC): siông
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): syorng⁵ / syoeng⁵ / sieo⁵ / siunn⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): siōng / siāng / siūⁿ / siōⁿ / siǔⁿ / sióng

(Teochew, Peng'im): siang⁶ / sion⁷ / siên⁷

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): xiang⁶ / xio¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶zaon / ⁴zaon / ⁶zan
- (Jinhua): ⁶zhiaon
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shan⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shàng
  - Wade–Giles: shang⁴
  - Yale: shàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanq
  - Palladius: шан (šan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: shāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂaŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: soeng⁶
  - Yale: seuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soeng⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêng⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ²²/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: soeng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /søŋ³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: siang⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siaŋ³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: song
  - Hakka Romanization System: song
  - Hagfa Pinyim: song⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /soŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: shong^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /ʃoŋ³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: song⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sɔŋ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: son³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /sɒ̃⁴⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: siông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /suɔŋ²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: syorng⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: siō̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬyɒŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: syoeng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬyøŋ²¹/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sā̤uⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬieu¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: siunn⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬĩũ²¹/

Note:

syorng5/syoeng5 - literary;
sieo5/siunn5 - vernacular.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng
  - Tâi-lô: siōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siong
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siāng
  - Tâi-lô: siāng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siang
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siūⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: siūnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sviu
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan): /siũ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /siũ²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siũ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: siōnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svioi
  - Sinological IPA (Tainan): /siɔ̃³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔ̃²²/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siǔⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: siǔnn
  - Sinological IPA (Lukang): /siũ³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sióng
  - Tâi-lô: sióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siorng
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /siɔŋ⁵³/

Note:

siōng/siāng - literary;
siūⁿ/siōⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 和尚);
sióng - vernacular (limited, e.g. 高尚).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: siang⁶ / sion⁷ / siên⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siăng / siōⁿ / siēⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siaŋ³⁵/, /sĩõ¹¹/, /sĩẽ¹¹/

Note:

siang6 - literary;
sion7/siên7 - vernacular (siên7 - Chaozhou).

- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: xiang⁶ / xio¹
  - Sinological IPA: /siaŋ³³/, /siɔ³⁵/

Note:

xiang6 - literary;
xio1 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 和尚).

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zaon
  - MiniDict: zaon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zaan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɑ̃²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /zɑ̃¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /zɒ̃¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /szɑ̃³¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zɑ̃²³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /zɒŋ¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /zɔ̃¹¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /zɔ¹³/
- (Northern: Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu: ⁴zaon
  - MiniDict: zaon^上
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /zɒŋ¹¹³/
- (Northern: Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zan
  - MiniDict: zan^去
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /zæ̃¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /szã³¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zã²³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /zaŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /zɑŋ¹¹³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zhiaon
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /ʑiɑŋ¹⁴/

Note:

6zaon - vernacular;
6zan - literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: shan⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂan⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /san⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: dzyangH

Rime
Character	尚
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時亮切
Baxter	dzyangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ʑiaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ʑĭaŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	soeng⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]aŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*djaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	尚
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shàng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]aŋ-s/
English	upwards
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	尚
Reading #	2/2
No.	11161
Phonetic component	尚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	尚
Old Chinese	/*djaŋs/

Definitions

尚Category:Chinese lemmas#小05 Category:Chinese hanzi#小05 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#小05 Category:Pages with entries#尚 Category:Pages with 5 entries#尚

still; yet
年紀尚幼／年纪尚幼 ― niánjì shàng yòu ― still youngCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

不良反應：尚不明確。 [MSC, trad.]
不良反应：尚不明确。 [MSC, simp.]
Bùliángfǎnyìng: shàng bù míngquè. [Pinyin]
Adverse reactions: still unclear.
Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples
(literary Category:Chinese literary terms#小05, or in compounds) even
- 天地尚不能久，而況於人乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  天地尚不能久，而况于人乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Tao Te Ching, 4^th century BCE
  Tiāndì shàng bùnéng jiǔ, ér kuàng yú rén hū? [Pinyin]
  If Heaven and Earth cannot make such (spasmodic) actings last long, how much less can man!
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
to value; to esteem; to worship
尚武 ― shàngwǔ ― (please add an English translation of this usage example) Category:Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples esprit de corps
(obsolete Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#小05) to assist; to administer (for the emperor)
prevailing custom
時尚／时尚 ― shíshàng ― fashionCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
(literary Category:Chinese literary terms#小05, or in compounds) noble; virtuous
(obsolete Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#小05) alternative form of 上 (“to exceed”)
- 今天下地醜德齊，莫能相尚。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  今天下地丑德齐，莫能相尚。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Jīn tiānxià dìchǒudéqí, mò néng xiàng shàng. [Pinyin]
  Now throughout the kingdom, the territories of the princes are of equal extent, and in their achievements they are on a level. Not one of them is able to exceed the others.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
a surname, ShangCategory:Chinese surnames#小05
尚可喜 ― Shàng Kěxǐ ― Shang Kexi (Chinese general of the Ming and Qing Dynasties)Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples

Synonyms

(still):

Dialectal synonyms of 還 (“still; yet”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		猶, 尚
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		還, 仍, 尚
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	還
	Taiwan	還
	Malaysia	還
	Singapore	還
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	還
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	還
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	還
Lanyin Mandarin	Lanzhou	還
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	還
	Wuhan	還
	Guilin	還
	Liuzhou	還
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	還
	Yangzhou	還
	Nantong	還
	Hefei	還
Cantonese	Guangzhou	重
	Hong Kong	重
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	重
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	重
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	重
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	還
	Macau	重
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	重
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	重
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	重
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	重
	Foshan	重
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	重
	Foshan (Shunde)	重
	Foshan (Sanshui)	重
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	重
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	還
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	重
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	重
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	還
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	還
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	還
	Taishan	還
	Kaiping (Chikan)	還
	Enping (Niujiang)	還
	Heshan (Yayao)	重
	Dongguan	重
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	重
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	重, 還
	Qingyuan	重
	Fogang	重
	Yingde (Hanguang)	閒
	Yangshan	重
	Lianshan (Butian)	成
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	重
	Shaoguan	重
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	重
	Renhua	重
	Lechang	重
	Sihui	重
	Deqing	淨, 重
	Huaiji	重
	Yunfu	鄭
	Xinxing	重
	Luoding	重
	Yunan (Pingtai)	鄭
	Yangjiang	還
	Xinyi	重
	Nanning	重
	Wuzhou	重
	Yulin	重
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	重
	Mengshan (Xihe)	重
	Beiliu (Tangliao)	重
	Bobai	重
	Qinzhou	重
	Beihai	重
	Ningming	重
	Hengzhou	淨
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	重
	Singapore (Guangfu)	重
Gan	Nanchang	還
Gan	Pingxiang	還
Hakka	Meixian	還
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	重
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	還
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	還
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	還
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	還
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	還
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	還
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	還
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	還
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	還
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	猶
	Hong Kong	還
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	還
	Kuching (Hepo)	還
Huizhou	Jixi	還
Jin	Taiyuan	還
Northern Min	Jian'ou	固, 唵
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	固
Eastern Min	Matsu	固
Southern Min	Xiamen	猶, 猶閣
	Quanzhou	猶, 猶閣
	Zhangzhou	猶, 猶閣
	Zhao'an	還
	Tainan	猶, 猶閣
	Penang (Hokkien)	閣
	Singapore (Hokkien)	猶, 猶閣, 閣
	Manila (Hokkien)	猶, 猶閣
	Chaozhou	還
	Shantou	還
	Jieyang	還
	Haifeng	還
	Singapore (Teochew)	還
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	仲
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	重
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	還
Wu	Shanghai	還
	Suzhou	還
	Danyang	還
	Wenzhou	還
	Jinhua	還
Xiang	Changsha	還
	Loudi	還
	Shuangfeng	還
	Quanzhou	還

(even):

edit

仍 (réng)
仍是 (réngshì)
仍然 (réngrán)
仍舊 / 仍旧 (réngjiù)
依然 (yīrán)
依舊 / 依旧 (yījiù)
兀自 (wùzì) (dialectal or archaic)
原徑 / 原径 (⁶gnioe-cin) (Wu)
嘛閣 / 嘛阁 (Hokkien)
寧可 / 宁可 (⁶gnin-kho₃) (Hangzhounese)
尚且 (shàngqiě)
本本 (Hakka)
猶且 / 犹且 (yóuqiě) (literary)
猶是 / 犹是 (Hokkien, Teochew)
猶然 / 犹然 (yóurán)
猶自 / 犹自 (yóuzì)
還 / 还 (hái)
還是 / 还是 (háishì)
都係 / 都系 (Cantonese)

(to value):

edit

寅畏 (yínwèi) (literary)
尊存 (Hokkien)
尊崇 (zūnchóng)
尊敬 (zūnjìng)
尊重 (zūnzhòng)
崇仰 (chóngyǎng)
崇尚 (chóngshàng)
崇拜 (chóngbài)
崇敬 (chóngjìng)
推尊 (tuīzūn)
推崇 (tuīchóng)
敦尚 (dūnshàng) (literary)
敬 (jìng)
敬愛 / 敬爱 (jìng'ài)
敬服 (jìngfú)
敬畏 (jìngwèi)
敬重 (jìngzhòng)
畏服 (wèifú) (literary)
誠忠 / 诚忠 (chéngzhōng) (literary)

(noble):

edit

可敬 (kějìng)
威嚴 / 威严 (wēiyán)
尊嚴 / 尊严 (zūnyán)
尊貴 / 尊贵 (zūnguì)
崇高 (chónggāo)
巖巖 / 岩岩 (yányán) (literary)
高大 (gāodà)
高尚 (gāoshàng)
高貴 / 高贵 (gāoguì)
高超 (gāochāo) (literary)

Compounds

Descendants

→ Tangut: 𗊻 (*śjo²) (transliteration)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cháng (chang²Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#尚)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cháng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cháng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻang²
  - Yale: cháng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charng
  - Palladius: чан (čan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: dzyang

Rime
Character	尚
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	市羊切
Baxter	dzyang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/ʑiaŋ/
Wang Li	/ʑĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cháng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	soeng⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*djaŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	尚
Reading #	1/2
No.	11156
Phonetic component	尚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	常
Old Chinese	/*djaŋ/
Notes	說文從向聲，金文不似，疑堂或常初文