Wikimore

抗	U+6297, 抗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6297

Translingual

Han character

抗Category:Translingual lemmas#手04抗 Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#手04抗 Category:Translingual symbols#手04抗 Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#手04抗 Category:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#手04抗 Category:Pages with entries#抗 Category:Pages with 5 entries#抗 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+4, 7 strokes, Cangjie input 手卜竹弓 (QYHN), four-corner 5001₇, composition ⿰扌亢)Category:Han script characters#手04抗 Category:Translingual Han characters with definition lines#手

resist, oppose, defy, reject

Derived characters

𫩽, 𩷠, 𮅑, 𰞠

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 422, character 2

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11889

Dae Jaweon: page 769, character 2

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1843, character 4

Unihan data for U+6297

Chinese

simp. and trad.		抗
alternative forms		炕 “to raise”

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亢) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
笐	kaːŋ, ɡaːŋs
亢	kaːŋ, kʰaːŋs
牨	*kaːŋ
苀	kaːŋ, ɡaːŋ
魧	kaːŋ, ɡaːŋ
迒	kaːŋ, ɡaːŋ
邟	kʰaːŋ, kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
忼	kʰaːŋʔ, qʰaːŋ
骯	kʰaːŋʔ, ɡaːŋʔ, *qaːŋ
抗	kʰaːŋs, ɡaːŋ
炕	kʰaːŋs, qʰaːŋ
伉	*kʰaːŋs
閌	*kʰaːŋs
犺	*kʰaːŋs
蚢	kʰaːŋs, ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ
砊	kʰaːŋs, kʰraːŋ
阬	kʰaːŋs, kʰraːŋ
頏	kʰaːŋs, ɡaːŋ
航	*ɡaːŋ
杭	*ɡaːŋ
沆	ɡaːŋ, ɡaːŋʔ
肮	*ɡaːŋ
吭	ɡaːŋ, ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs
秔	*kraːŋ
坑	*kʰraːŋ
劥	*kʰraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ)Category:Han phono-semantic compounds#手04: semantic 扌 + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kàng (kang⁴Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#抗)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kong³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khong / khóng

(Hailu, HRS): kong^ˇ / kong^ˊ

(Meixian, Guangdong): kong⁴
Northern Min (KCR): kǎng
Eastern Min (BUC): káung
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): korng⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khòng

(Teochew, Peng'im): kang³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵khaon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kàng
  - Wade–Giles: kʻang⁴
  - Yale: kàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kanq
  - Palladius: кан (kan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kong³
  - Yale: kong
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kong³
  - Guangdong Romanization: kong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔːŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khong / khóng
  - Hakka Romanization System: kong / kong^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kong⁴ / kong³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰoŋ³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: kong^ˇ / kong^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ¹¹/, /kʰoŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kong⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kǎng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: káung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑuŋ²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: korng⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ko̤̍ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɒŋ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòng
  - Tâi-lô: khòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoxng
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵khaon
  - MiniDict: khaon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²khaan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰɑ̃³⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 抗
Mandarin	Beijing	/kʰɑŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/kʰaŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/kʰɑŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/kʰaŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/kʰaŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/kʰaŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/kʰaŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/kʰɔ̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/kʰɑŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kʰɑ̃¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kʰɑŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/kʰaŋ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/kʰaŋ¹³/
	Guiyang	/kʰaŋ²¹³/
	Kunming	/kʰã̠¹/
	Nanjing	/kʰaŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/kʰɑ̃⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kʰɒ̃¹¹/ ～不住 /kʰɒ̃⁴⁵/ 抵～
	Pingyao	/kʰɑŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/kʰɑ̃⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰɑ̃³⁵/
	Suzhou	/kʰɑ̃⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/kʰɑŋ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/kʰuɔ⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰa³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/kʰau⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/kʰan⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kʰɔn⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰɔŋ²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰoŋ⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰɔŋ³³/
	Nanning	/kʰɔŋ³³/
	Hong Kong	/kʰɔŋ³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰɔŋ²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰɔuŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kaŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰaŋ²¹³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/xaŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: hang, khangH

Rime
Character	抗	抗
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	胡郎切	苦浪切
Baxter	hang	khangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑŋ/	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑŋ/	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑŋ/	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaŋ/	/kʰaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ɣɑŋ/	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ɣɑŋ/	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɑŋ/	/kʰɑŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	háng	kàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hong⁴	hong³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤaŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰaːŋs/, /*ɡaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	抗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kàng
Middle Chinese	‹ khang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰˁaŋ-s/
English	set up; oppose; protect
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	抗	抗
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	7365	7388
Phonetic component	亢	亢
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	抗	航
Old Chinese	/*kʰaːŋs/	/*ɡaːŋ/

Definitions

抗Category:Chinese lemmas#手04 Category:Chinese hanzi#手04 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#手04 Category:Pages with entries#抗 Category:Pages with 5 entries#抗

to resist, to oppose
抗日戰爭／抗日战争 ― kàngrì zhànzhēng ― "War of Resistance Against Japan" (the Second Sino-Japanese War)Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples
- 關公曰：「汝怎敢抗吾？」禁曰：「上命差遣，身不由己。望君侯憐憫，誓以死報。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  关公曰：「汝怎敢抗吾？」禁曰：「上命差遣，身不由己。望君侯怜悯，誓以死报。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14^th century CE
  Guāngōng yuē: “Rǔ zěn gǎn kàng wú?” Jìn yuē: “Shàngmìng chāiqiǎn, shēnbùyóujǐ. Wàng jūnhóu liánmǐn, shì yǐ sǐ bào.” [Pinyin]
  Lord Guan said: "How dare you oppose me?" (Yu) Jin said: "We were ordered from above, (we did so) not on our own accord. We hope ye, milord, would have mercy. We swear we'll repay that with death."
  Category:Mandarin terms with quotations
(obsolete Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#手04) to raise; to lift; to elevate; to hold high
- 大侯既抗，弓矢斯張。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  大侯既抗，弓矢斯张。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Dàhóu jìkàng, gōngshǐ sīzhāng. [Pinyin]
  The great target is set up;
  The bows and arrows are made ready for the shooting.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
- 卑溼、重遲、貪利，則抗之以高志。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  卑湿、重迟、贪利，则抗之以高志。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE
  Bēishī, zhòngchí, tānlì, zé kàng zhī yǐ gāozhì. [Pinyin]
  The self-deprecating people, the encumbered and sluggish, and the pettily covetous ones — we elevate them with a high spirit.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
- 寧與騏驥亢軛乎？將隨駑馬之跡乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  宁与骐骥亢轭乎？将随驽马之迹乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE
  Nìng yǔ qíjì kàng'è hū? Jiāng suí númǎ zhījì hū? [Pinyin]
  Shall I rather hold myself aloft in the yoke of Pegasus, or waste away after the tracks of a Rocinante?
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations

Compounds

不可抗力 (bùkěkànglì)
不可抗拒 (bùkě kàngjù)
不抗不卑
八年抗戰 / 八年抗战
分庭抗禮 / 分庭抗礼 (fēntíngkànglǐ)
匹配阻抗
反抗 (fǎnkàng)
反抗期
對抗 / 对抗 (duìkàng)
對抗賽 / 对抗赛
抗凝血劑 / 抗凝血剂
抗利尿素
抗力 (kànglì)
抗力點 / 抗力点
抗原 (kàngyuán)
抗告 (kànggào)
抗命
抗塵走俗 / 抗尘走俗
抗心希古
抗志
抗憂鬱藥 / 抗忧郁药
抗戰 / 抗战 (kàngzhàn)
抗戰勝利 / 抗战胜利
抗戰夫人 / 抗战夫人
抗戰歌曲 / 抗战歌曲
抗手
抗拒 (kàngjù)
抗敵 / 抗敌 (kàngdí)
抗日 (kàngrì)
抗日戰爭 / 抗日战争 (Kàngrì Zhànzhēng)
抗旱 (kànghàn)
抗暴 (kàngbào)
抗毒素 (kàngdúsù)
抗毒血清
抗氧化劑 / 抗氧化剂 (kàngyǎnghuàjì)
抗溼紙 / 抗湿纸
抗爭 / 抗争 (kàngzhēng)
抗生素 (kàngshēngsù)
抗疏
抗直
抗禮 / 抗礼
抗稅 / 抗税 (kàngshuì)
抗節 / 抗节
抗糧 / 抗粮
抗組織胺 / 抗组织胺 (kàngzǔzhī'àn)
抗菌素 (kàngjūnsù)
抗菌血清
抗藥性 / 抗药性
抗血清
抗行
抗衡 (kànghéng)
抗論 / 抗论
抗議 / 抗议 (kàngyì)
抗議文學 / 抗议文学
抗議書 / 抗议书
抗足
抗辯 / 抗辩 (kàngbiàn)
抗逆力 (kàngnìlì)
抗邁 / 抗迈
抗震 (kàngzhèn)
抗章
抗頡作用 / 抗颉作用
抗顏 / 抗颜
抗首
抗體 / 抗体 (kàngtǐ)
拒抗
抵抗 (dǐkàng)
抵抗力 (dǐkànglì)
抵抗權 / 抵抗权
拮抗 (jiékàng)
搭抗
撇抗
擣虛撇抗 / 捣虚撇抗
暴抗
狼抗
負嵎頑抗 / 负嵎顽抗 (fùyúwánkàng)
負隅頑抗 / 负隅顽抗 (fùyúwánkàng)
違抗 / 违抗 (wéikàng)
阻抗 (zǔkàng)
難與抗衡 / 难与抗衡
頑抗 / 顽抗 (wánkàng)
高抗

References

“抗”, in 漢語多功能字庫Category:Chinese terms with redundant script codes#抗 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#抗 Category:Chinese links with redundant alt parameters#抗 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “抗”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 121.