bark
English
Alternative forms
- barke (obsolete)
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /bɑːk/Category:English 1-syllable words#BARKCategory:English terms with IPA pronunciation#BARK
- (General American) IPA(key): /bɑɹk/Category:English 1-syllable words#BARKCategory:English terms with IPA pronunciation#BARK
Category:English terms with audio pronunciation#BARKAudio (UK): (file)
Category:English terms with audio pronunciation#BARKAudio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)kCategory:Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k#BARKCategory:Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k/1 syllable#BARK
- Homophone: barqueCategory:English terms with homophones#BARK
Etymology 1
From Middle EnglishCategory:English terms inherited from Middle English#BARKCategory:English terms derived from Middle English#BARK barken, berken, borken, from Old EnglishCategory:English terms inherited from Old English#BARKCategory:English terms derived from Old English#BARK beorcan (“to bark”), from the Proto-West GermanicCategory:English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#BARKCategory:English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#BARK *berkan (“to bark”), from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BARK *bʰerg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”), from *bʰer- (“to drone, hum, buzz”). Cognate with Icelandic berkja (“to bark, bluster”), Icelandic barki (“throat, windpipe”), dialectal Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”), Serbo-Croatian brbljati (“to murmur”). For the noun, compare Old English beorc, bearce (“barking”).
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Verb
bark (third-person singular simple present barks, present participle barking, simple past and past participle barked)Category:English lemmas#BARKCategory:English verbs#BARKCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- (intransitiveCategory:English intransitive verbs#BARK) To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs (said of animals, especially dogs).
- Synonyms: give tongue, (rare) latrate
- The neighbour's dog is always barking.Category:English terms with usage examples#BARK
- The seal barked as the zookeeper threw fish into its enclosure.Category:English terms with usage examples#BARK
- (intransitiveCategory:English intransitive verbs#BARK) To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries.
- 1530, Tyndale, A Pathway into the Holy Scripture:
- And therefore they bark, and say the scripture maketh heretics.Category:English terms with quotations#BARK
- 1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):
- Where there is the barking of the belly, there no other commands will be heard, much less obeyed.Category:English terms with quotations#BARK
- (transitiveCategory:English transitive verbs#BARK) To speak sharply.
- The sergeant barked an order.Category:English terms with usage examples#BARK
- 1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 3:
- Plainly he was prepared to bark out an interminable succession of charges against the Wanderer.Category:English terms with quotations#BARK
- 2001, Salman Rushdie, Fury: A Novel, London: Jonathan Cape, →ISBN, page 5:
- Sudden anger rose in him. “What I’m looking for,” he barked, “is to be left in peace.” His voice trembled with a rage far bigger than her intrusion merited, the rage which shocked him whenever it coursed through his nervous system, like a flood.Category:English terms with quotations#BARK
- 2011 January 5, Mark Ashenden, “Wolverhampton 1 - 0 Chelsea”, in BBC:
- While McCarthy prowled the touchline barking orders, his opposite number watched on motionless and expressionless and, with 25 minutes to go, decided to throw on Nicolas Anelka for Kalou.Category:English terms with quotations#BARK
Derived terms
- bark at print
- bark at the wrong tree
- barking
- barking deer
- barking dogs never bite
- barking spider
- barking squirrel
- bark up the wrong tree
- barky
- bebark
- buy a dog and bark oneself
- dogs are barking
- don't keep a dog and bark yourself
- have a dog and bark oneself
- keep a dog and bark oneself
- outbark
- park and bark
- the dogs bark, but the caravan goes on
- the dogs bark, but the caravan moves on
- why keep a dog and bark yourself
Translations
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Noun
bark (plural barks)Category:English lemmas#BARKCategory:English nouns#BARKCategory:English countable nouns#BARKCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- The short, loud, explosive sound uttered by a dog, a fox, and some other animals.
- (figuratively) An abrupt loud vocal utterance.
- c. 1921, The Cambridge History of English and American Literature, volume 11:
- Fox’s clumsy figure, negligently dressed in blue and buff, seemed unprepossessing; only his shaggy eyebrows added to the expression of his face; his voice would rise to a bark in excitement.Category:English terms with quotations#BARK
- 1949 January and February, F. G. Roe, “I Saw Three Englands–1”, in Railway Magazine, page 12:
- Long before Shap platform showed up around a corner and the two arms on the gradient post drooped in both directions at once, Duchess of Buccleuch's amiable throbbing purr at the stack [funnel, chimney] had become a fierce freight-engine bark, as she resolutely dragged at her enormous load.Category:English terms with quotations#BARK
- (music) The quick opening of the hi-hat cymbal as it is hit, followed by its timely closing.
Derived terms
Translations
Interjection
barkCategory:English lemmas#BARKCategory:English interjections#BARKCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
Translations
Etymology 2
From Middle EnglishCategory:English terms derived from Middle English#BARK bark, from Old EnglishCategory:English terms derived from Old English#BARK barc (“bark”), from Old NorseCategory:English terms derived from Old Norse#BARK bǫrkr (“tree bark”), from Proto-GermanicCategory:English terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BARK *barkuz, probably related to *birkijǭ (“birch”), from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BARK *bʰerHǵós (compare Latin frāxinus (“ash”), Lithuanian béržas (“birch”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“to gleam; white”) (compare English bright); akin to Danish bark, Icelandic börkur, Low German borke and Albanian berk (“bast”).
Noun
bark (countable and uncountable, plural barks)Category:English lemmas#BARKCategory:English nouns#BARKCategory:English uncountable nouns#BARKCategory:English countable nouns#BARKCategory:English countable nouns#BARKCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- (countableCategory:English countable nouns#BARK, uncountableCategory:English uncountable nouns#BARK) The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree or of various other woody plants.
- 1879, Friedrich August Flückiger et al., Pharmacographia..., page 346:
- The hardships of bark-collecting in the primeval forests of South America are of the severest kind, and undergone only by the half-civilized Indians and people of mixed race, in the pay of speculators or companies located in the towns. Those who are engaged in the business, especially the collectors themselves, are called Cascarilleros or Cascadores, from the Spanish word Cascara, bark.Category:English terms with quotations#BARK
- 2012 December 26, John Branch, “Snow Fall: The Avalanche at Tunnel Creek”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 14 November 2013:
- Moving about 70 miles per hour, it crashed through the sturdy old-growth trees, snapping their limbs and shredding bark from their trunks.Category:English terms with quotations#BARK
- (medicineCategory:en:Medicine#BARK) Peruvian bark or Jesuit's bark, the bark of the cinchona from which quinine is produced.
- Hard candy made in flat sheets, for instance out of chocolate, peanut butter, toffee or peppermint.
- The crust formed on barbecued meat that has had a rub applied to it.
- 2009, Julie Reinhardt, She-Smoke: A Backyard Barbecue Book, page 151:
- This softens the meat further, but at some loss of crunch to the bark.Category:English terms with quotations#BARK
- The envelopment or outer covering of anything.
Usage notes
Usually uncountable; bark may be countable when referring to the barks of different types of tree.
Synonyms
- (exterior covering of a tree): rind
Derived terms
- bark bed
- bark beetle (Scolytinae spp.)
- barkbound
- bark bread
- bark dust
- barkery
- barkless
- barklike
- bark louse (Coccidae spp.)
- bark mill
- bark mixture
- bark scorpion (CentruroidesCategory:Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)#Centruroides spp.)
- bark spud
- barky
- beech bark disease
- birchbark
- bitter bark (especially Alstonia constrictaCategory:Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)#Alstonia%20constricta)
- cabbage-bark
- Cartagena bark
- China bark (Cinchona spp.)
- cinchona bark
- crampbark
- debark
- debarker
- disbark
- dita bark (Alstonia scholaris)
- elm bark beetle
- holy bark (Rhamnus purshianaCategory:Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)#Rhamnus%20purshiana)
- ironbark
- lacebark
- Mancona bark (Erythrophleum suaveolensCategory:Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)#Erythrophleum%20suaveolens)
- maple bark disease, maple bark stripper's disease, maple bark stripper's disease (Cryptostroma corticaleCategory:Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)#Cryptostroma%20corticale)
- ninebark
- oakbark
- paperbark (Melaleuca spp.)
- park and bark
- peppermint bark
- ringbark, ring-bark
- rootbark, root bark
- sassy bark (Erythrophleum suaveolensCategory:Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)#Erythrophleum%20suaveolens)
- scale bark
- sevenbark
- shagbark
- shellbark
- soapbark
- sooty bark disease (Cryptostroma corticaleCategory:Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)#Cryptostroma%20corticale)
- stembark
- stringybark (Eucalyptus spp.)
- tanbark
- throw in the bark
- toothache bark
- tree bark, treebark
- unbark
- underbark
- whitebark
- Winter's bark (Drimys winteriCategory:Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)#Drimys%20winteri)
- worm bark
- yellow bark (Cinchona spp.)
Translations
Verb
bark (third-person singular simple present barks, present participle barking, simple past and past participle barked)Category:English lemmas#BARKCategory:English verbs#BARKCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- To strip the bark from; to peel.
- 1922, A. M. Chisholm, A Thousand a Plate:
- Along the river freshly felled and barked trees told of the activity of beaver, and in slow current and in eddies the tops of their winter's food supply lay like submerged brush fences projecting above the surface.Category:English terms with quotations#BARK
- To abrade or rub off any outer covering from.
- to bark one’s heelCategory:English terms with collocations#BARK
- 2019 May 8, Barney Ronay, “Liverpool’s waves of red fury and recklessness end in joyous bedlam”, in The Guardian:
- Barcelona had been harried and hurried and stretched thin by the midway point in the second half. Tackles flew in. Toes were crushed, shins barked, ankles hacked.Category:English terms with quotations#BARK
- To girdle.
- To cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark.
- to bark the roof of a hutCategory:English terms with collocations#BARK
Derived terms
Translations
Etymology 3
From Middle EnglishCategory:English terms inherited from Middle English#BARKCategory:English terms derived from Middle English#BARK barke (“boat”), from Middle FrenchCategory:English terms derived from Middle French#BARK barque, from Late LatinCategory:English terms derived from Late Latin#BARK barca, a regular syncope of Vulgar LatinCategory:English terms derived from Vulgar Latin#BARK *barica, from Classical LatinCategory:English terms derived from Classical Latin#BARK bāris, from Ancient GreekCategory:English terms derived from Ancient Greek#BARK βᾶρις (bâris, “Egyptian boat”), from CopticCategory:English terms derived from Coptic#BARK ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare, “small boat”), from Demotic EgyptianCategory:English terms derived from Demotic Egyptian#BARK br, from EgyptianCategory:English terms derived from Egyptian#BARK bꜣjr
(“transport ship”). Doublet of barge, barque and barisCategory:English doublets#BARK. 
Alternative forms
Noun
bark (plural barks)Category:English lemmas#BARKCategory:English nouns#BARKCategory:English countable nouns#BARKCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- (obsoleteCategory:English terms with obsolete senses#BARK) A small sailing vessel, e.g. a pinnace or a fishing smack; a rowing boat or barge.
- (poeticCategory:English poetic terms#BARK) A sailing vessel or boat of any kind.
- c. 1609, William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116:
- It is the star to every wandering barkCategory:English terms with quotations#BARK
- 1817 December, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “The Revolt of Islam. […]”, in [Mary] Shelley, editor, The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. […], volume I, London: Edward Moxon […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 272:
- We know not where we go, or what sweet dreamCategory:English terms with quotations#BARK
May pilot us through caverns strange and fair
Of far and pathless passion, while the stream
Of life our bark doth on its whirlpools bear,
Spreading swift wings as sails to the dim air; […]
- a. 1887 (date written), Emily Dickinson, “[Book I.—Life] Whether my bark went down at sea”, in Mabel Loomis Todd and T[homas] W[entworth] Higginson, editors, Poems, First Series, Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, published 1890, →OCLC, page 38:
- Whether my bark went down at sea, / Whether she met with gales, […]Category:English terms with quotations#BARK
- (nauticalCategory:en:Watercraft#BARK) A vessel, typically with three (or more) masts, with the foremasts (or fore- and mainmasts) square-rigged, and mizzenmast schooner-rigged.
- 1997, Mark Kurlansky, Cod, page 114:
- Europeans would cross the ocean in large barks built for deck space and large holds.Category:English terms with quotations#BARK
Descendants
- → Welsh: barc
Translations
Category:Entries with translation boxes#BARK
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Etymology 4
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)Category:Requests for etymologies in English entries#BARK
Noun
bark (plural barks)Category:English lemmas#BARKCategory:English nouns#BARKCategory:English countable nouns#BARKCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
References
- John Camden Hotten (1873), The Slang Dictionary
- 1890, John Stephen Farmer, William Ernest Henley, Slang and Its Analogues Past and Present: A to Byz (page 124)
Anagrams
Category:en:Animal sounds#BARKCategory:en:Botany#BARKCategory:en:Plant anatomy#BARKAlbanian
Etymology
From Proto-AlbanianCategory:Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Albanian#BARKCategory:Albanian terms derived from Proto-Albanian#BARK *báruka, from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BARK *bʰor-uko-, from *bʰer- (“to carry”). Compare Messapic βάρυκα (báruka). A doublet of bie, barrë, and barrëCategory:Albanian doublets#BARK.
Another reconstruction is Proto-AlbanianCategory:Albanian terms derived from Proto-Albanian#BARK *bárkʷa-, from earlier *bʰórkʷu- "belly", from a PIE *bʰorkʷó-, from *bʰer- (“to carry”).
Pronunciation
Noun
bark m (plural barqe, definite barku, definite plural barqet)Category:Albanian lemmas#BARKCategory:Albanian nouns#BARKCategory:Albanian entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Albanian masculine nouns#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- (anatomyCategory:sq:Anatomy#BARK) belly
- stomach or intestines as parts of the digestive system
- pelvic cavity, uterus
- Synonyms: kavitet pelvik, mitër
- all offspring a mother births to with the same male (human or animal)
- Synonym: pjellë
- Motër e vëlla nga dy barqe ― Brother and sister from two mothersCategory:Albanian terms with collocations#BARK
- (ethnographyCategory:sq:Ethnography#BARK) lineage, all offspring of the same mother
- Synonym: gji
- Janë të një barku ― They're of the same motherCategory:Albanian terms with collocations#BARK
- (figurative) generation
- Synonym: brez
- Bark pas barku ― Generation after generationCategory:Albanian terms with collocations#BARK
- convex side of an object, bulge, curve
- Synonym: e mysët
- Mur me bark ― Curved wallCategory:Albanian terms with collocations#BARK
- (figurative, colloquialCategory:Albanian colloquialisms#BARK) interior part of an object, the hollow part
- (in the singular) the middle part of timeline
- Synonym: mes
- Barku i javës ― The middle of the weekCategory:Albanian terms with collocations#BARK
- (medicineCategory:sq:Medicine#BARK) diarrhea, dysentery
- Synonyms: diarre, purth, spirë, nevojë e hollë, dizenteri
- (figurative, colloquialCategory:Albanian colloquialisms#BARK) heart (in the sense of bravery)
- Synonyms: zemër, shpirt
- Me gjithë bark ― With all my heartCategory:Albanian terms with collocations#BARK
Declension
Derived terms
- barkaç
- barkaçe
- barkalaq
- barkalec
- barkaliq
- barkanjoz
- barkar
- barkaris
- barkarisem
- barkartë
- barkas
- barkashor
- barkashore
- barkazi
- barkbardhë
- barkbosh
- barkbuall
- barkcalik
- barkcullak
- barkdalë
- barkderr
- barkdërrasë
- barkdozë
- barkdreq
- barkës
- barkësim
- barkëson
- barkësore
- barkëz
- barkfryrë
- barkfutur
- barkgjerë
- barkjashtë
- barkje
- barkkacek
- barkkalbur
- barkkeq
- barkkuq
- barkkuqe
- barkledh
- barklepur
- barklesh
- barklëshuar
- barklubi
- barkmace
- barkmadh
- barkmbushur
- barkngopur
- barkngushtë
- barkonjë
- barkor
- barkore
- barkos
- barkosem
- barkosh
- barkpangopur
- barkpërpjetë
- barkplot
- barkrënë
- barkstihi
- barkshpuar
- barkshtypur
- barkshuar
- barkth
- barktharë
- barkthatë
- barkthes
- barkuc
- barkulec
- barkushe
- barkvozë
- barkzbrazur
- barkzbuluar
- barkzgropur
- barkzhabë
- lëbarke
- zbërkoj
Further reading
- “bark”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
Danish
Etymology 1
From Old NorseCategory:Danish terms derived from Old Norse#BARK bǫrkr.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bark/, [b̥ɑːɡ̊]Category:Danish terms with IPA pronunciation#BARK
Noun
bark c (singular definite barken, not used in plural form)Category:Danish lemmas#BARKCategory:Danish nouns#BARKCategory:Danish entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Danish common-gender nouns#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- bark (covering of the trunk of a tree)
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Old NorseCategory:Danish terms derived from Old Norse#BARK barki
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bark/, [b̥ɑːɡ̊]Category:Danish terms with IPA pronunciation#BARK
Noun
bark c (singular definite barken, plural indefinite barker)Category:Danish lemmas#BARKCategory:Danish nouns#BARKCategory:Danish entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Danish common-gender nouns#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- bark (large sailing boat)
Inflection
References
- “bark” in Den Danske Ordbog
- “bark,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bɑrk/Category:Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation#BARK
Category:Dutch terms with audio pronunciation#BARKAudio: (file) - Hyphenation: bark
- Rhymes: -ɑrkCategory:Rhymes:Dutch/ɑrk#BARK
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)Category:Requests for etymologies in Dutch entries#BARK
Noun
bark m (plural barken, diminutive barkje n)Category:Dutch lemmas#BARKCategory:Dutch nouns#BARKCategory:Dutch nouns with plural in -en#BARKCategory:Dutch entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Dutch masculine nouns#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- the bark of certain trees, used for its tannin
Etymology 2
From Middle DutchCategory:Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch#BARKCategory:Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch#BARK barke, from Old FrenchCategory:Dutch terms derived from Old French#BARK barque.
Noun
bark f (plural barken, diminutive barkje n)Category:Dutch lemmas#BARKCategory:Dutch nouns#BARKCategory:Dutch nouns with plural in -en#BARKCategory:Dutch entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Dutch feminine nouns#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- barge, a large type of rowing or sailing boat
Descendants
- → Sranan Tongo: barki
Anagrams
Faroese
Etymology
From DanishCategory:Faroese terms derived from Danish#BARK bark, from Middle FrenchCategory:Faroese terms derived from Middle French#BARK barque, from Late LatinCategory:Faroese terms derived from Late Latin#BARK barca, from Vulgar LatinCategory:Faroese terms derived from Vulgar Latin#BARK barica, from Ancient GreekCategory:Faroese terms derived from Ancient Greek#BARK βάρις (báris, “Egyptian boat”), from CopticCategory:Faroese terms derived from Coptic#BARK ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare, “small boat”), from EgyptianCategory:Faroese terms derived from Egyptian#BARK bꜣjr (“transport ship, type of fish”),
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Noun
bark f (genitive singular barkar, plural barkir)Category:Faroese lemmas#BARKCategory:Faroese nouns#BARKCategory:Faroese entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Faroese feminine nouns#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- (nauticalCategory:fo:Nautical#BARK) bark: A three-masted vessel, having her foremast and mainmast square-rigged, and her mizzenmast schooner-rigged.
Declension
Synonyms
Further reading
- "bark" at Sprotin.fo
Middle English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old EnglishCategory:Middle English terms inherited from Old English#BARKCategory:Middle English terms derived from Old English#BARK bark, from Old NorseCategory:Middle English terms derived from Old Norse#BARK bǫrkr, from Proto-GermanicCategory:Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BARK *barkuz.
Pronunciation
Noun
barkCategory:Middle English lemmas#BARKCategory:Middle English nouns#BARKCategory:Middle English entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK (plural barkes)
- bark (a tree's covering, often used in leatherworking or as a pharmaceutical).
- The exterior layer of a nut or other fruit.
- (rareCategory:Middle English terms with rare senses#BARK, Late Middle EnglishCategory:Late Middle English#BARK, figurative) A shallow look at something.
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- “bark, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 12 August 2018.
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology 1
From Old NorseCategory:Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse#BARK bǫrkr.
Noun
bark m (definite singular barken, uncountable)Category:Norwegian Bokmål lemmas#BARKCategory:Norwegian Bokmål nouns#BARKCategory:Norwegian Bokmål uncountable nouns#BARKCategory:Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- bark (outer layer of trunks and branches of trees and bushes)
Derived terms
See also
- bork (Nynorsk)
Etymology 2
From Late LatinCategory:Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Late Latin#BARK barca, via FrenchCategory:Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from French#BARK barque.
Noun
bark m (definite singular barken, indefinite plural barker, definite plural barkene)Category:Norwegian Bokmål lemmas#BARKCategory:Norwegian Bokmål nouns#BARKCategory:Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- (nauticalCategory:nb:Watercraft#BARK) a barque or bark (type of sailing ship)
References
- “bark” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Late LatinCategory:Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Late Latin#BARK barca, via FrenchCategory:Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from French#BARK barque.
Noun
bark m (definite singular barken, indefinite plural barkar, definite plural barkane)Category:Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas#BARKCategory:Norwegian Nynorsk nouns#BARKCategory:Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- (nauticalCategory:nn:Watercraft#BARK) a barque or bark (type of sailing ship)
References
- “bark” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /ba(ː)rk/Category:Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation#BARK
- IPA(key): (15th CE) /bark/, /bɒrk/Category:Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation#BARK
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-SlavicCategory:Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic#BARKCategory:Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic#BARK *bъrkъ
Noun
bark m inanCategory:Old Polish lemmas#BARKCategory:Old Polish nouns#BARKCategory:Old Polish entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Old Polish masculine nouns#BARKCategory:Old Polish inanimate nouns#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- (attested in Greater PolandCategory:Greater Poland Old Polish#BARK) shoulder (part of the body between the base of the neck and forearm socket)
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 817:
- Są związali tako trudno i twardo jego święte ręce i za barki ji ciągnęliCategory:Old Polish terms with quotations#BARKCategory:Old Polish quotations with omitted translation#BARK
- [Są związali tako trudno i twardo jego święte ręce i za barki ji ciągnęli]
- c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 72r:
- Lacertus est superior pars brachii vel musculus barkCategory:Old Polish terms with quotations#BARKCategory:Old Polish quotations with omitted translation#BARK
- [Lacertus est superior pars brachii vel musculus bark]
- (agricultureCategory:zlw-opl:Agriculture#BARK) swingletree, whiffletree, whippletree
- 1868 [1455], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XIV (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 439:
- Currus non habuit hakow any barkowCategory:Old Polish terms with quotations#BARKCategory:Old Polish quotations with omitted translation#BARK
- [Currus non habuit hakow ani barkow]
Descendants
- Polish: bark
Etymology 2
Noun
bark m animacy unattestedCategory:Old Polish lemmas#BARKCategory:Old Polish nouns#BARKCategory:Old Polish entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Old Polish masculine nouns#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- alternative form of barg
References
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “bark”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017), “bark”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “bark”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “bark”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- Brückner, Aleksander (1927), “bark”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “bark”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “bark”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Polish
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old PolishCategory:Polish terms inherited from Old Polish#BARKCategory:Polish terms derived from Old Polish#BARK bark.
Pronunciation
Category:Polish terms with audio pronunciation#BARKAudio: (file) - Rhymes: -arkCategory:Rhymes:Polish/ark#BARKCategory:Rhymes:Polish/ark/1 syllable#BARK
- Syllabification: bark
Noun
bark m inan (related adjective barkowy)Category:Polish lemmas#BARKCategory:Polish nouns#BARKCategory:Polish entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Polish masculine nouns#BARKCategory:Polish inanimate nouns#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- shoulder (part of the body between the base of the neck and forearm socket)
- Synonym: ramię
- (architectureCategory:pl:Architectural elements#BARK, historicalCategory:Polish terms with historical senses#BARK) side extension of a fort or fortification
- (in the plural) upper back (area including the shoulder blades from one shoulder to the other)
- shoulder (side edge of the tire tread)
- shoulder (bending the arc of a horseshoe, half-moon, half-ring or buckle)
- (obsoleteCategory:Polish terms with obsolete senses#BARK, agricultureCategory:pl:Agriculture#BARK) swingletree, whiffletree, whippletree
- Synonym: orczyk
- (obsoleteCategory:Polish terms with obsolete senses#BARK, architectureCategory:pl:Architectural elements#BARK) arch
- (Middle PolishCategory:Middle Polish#BARK) shoulder (thicker and higher part of an animal's hind legs)
- (Middle PolishCategory:Middle Polish#BARK) arch (any bend in an object)
Declension
Derived terms
- dźwigać na barkach impf
- spaść na barki pf, spadać na barki impf
- spocząć na barkach pf, spoczywać na barkach impf
- wziąć na barki pf, brać na barki impf
- zdjąć z barków pf, zdejmować z barków impf
- złożyć na barki pf, składać na barki impf
- zrzucić na barki pf, zrzucać na barki impf
Related terms
Etymology 2
Borrowed from EnglishCategory:Polish terms borrowed from English#BARKCategory:Polish terms derived from English#BARK barque.[1][2][3] First attested in the 20th century.[3] Doublet of barkaCategory:Polish doublets#BARK.
Pronunciation
Noun
bark m inan (related adjective barkowy)Category:Polish lemmas#BARKCategory:Polish nouns#BARKCategory:Polish entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Polish masculine nouns#BARKCategory:Polish inanimate nouns#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- (nauticalCategory:pl:Nautical#BARK) barque (sailing vessel)
Declension
Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)Category:Requests for etymologies in Polish entries#BARK First attested in 1600–1750.[4]
Pronunciation
Noun
bark m inanCategory:Polish lemmas#BARKCategory:Polish nouns#BARKCategory:Polish entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Polish masculine nouns#BARKCategory:Polish inanimate nouns#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
- (Middle PolishCategory:Middle Polish#BARK) tool or vessel used in certain crafts or trades
- Alternative form: barka
References
- ↑ Mirosław Bańko; Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021), “bark”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
- ↑ Dubisz, Stanisław, editor (2003), “II bark”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), volumes 1–4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, →ISBN, →OCLC
- 1 2 Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “bark II”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
- ↑ Paweł Kupiszewski (09.10.2018), “BARK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
Further reading
- bark in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- barki in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “bark”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “bark”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “bark”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “bark”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 98
- bark in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Slovincian
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbark/Category:Slovincian terms with IPA pronunciation#BARK
- Rhymes: -arkCategory:Rhymes:Slovincian/ark#BARKCategory:Rhymes:Slovincian/ark/1 syllable#BARK
- Syllabification: bark
Noun
bark m inan (related adjective barkôwy)Category:Slovincian lemmas#BARKCategory:Slovincian nouns#BARKCategory:Slovincian entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Slovincian masculine nouns#BARKCategory:Slovincian inanimate nouns#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
Further reading
- Lorentz, Friedrich (1908), “bãrk”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 16
Swedish
Etymology 1
From Old NorseCategory:Swedish terms derived from Old Norse#BARK bǫrkr, from Proto-GermanicCategory:Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BARK *barkuz.
Noun
bark c (uncountable)Category:Swedish lemmas#BARKCategory:Swedish nouns#BARKCategory:Swedish entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Swedish common-gender nouns#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARKCategory:Swedish uncountable nouns#BARK
- bark (covering of the trunk of a tree)
Declension
| nominative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | indefinite | bark | barks |
| definite | barken | barkens | |
| plural | indefinite | — | — |
| definite | — | — |
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Borrowed from DutchCategory:Swedish terms borrowed from Dutch#BARKCategory:Swedish terms derived from Dutch#BARK bark, from FrenchCategory:Swedish terms derived from French#BARK barque.
Noun
bark cCategory:Swedish lemmas#BARKCategory:Swedish nouns#BARKCategory:Swedish entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Swedish common-gender nouns#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
Declension
| nominative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | indefinite | bark | barks |
| definite | barken | barkens | |
| plural | indefinite | barker | barkers |
| definite | barkerna | barkernas |
| nominative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | indefinite | bark | barks |
| definite | barken | barkens | |
| plural | indefinite | barkar | barkars |
| definite | barkarna | barkarnas |
Related terms
References
- “bark”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
- “bark”, in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker [Dictionaries of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
- “bark”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
Turkish
Etymology
From Proto-TurkicCategory:Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic#BARKCategory:Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic#BARK *b(i)ark (“home”).
Noun
bark (definite accusative barkı, plural barklar)Category:Turkish lemmas#BARKCategory:Turkish nouns#BARKCategory:Turkish entries with incorrect language header#BARKCategory:Pages with entries#BARKCategory:Pages with 13 entries#BARK
Declension
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Synonyms
Derived terms
See also
Further reading
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “bark”, in Nişanyan Sözlük