Wikimore

See also: 今 and 命

令	U+4EE4, 令 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EE4

← 代
[U+4EE3]

CJK Unified Ideographs Category:CJK Unified Ideographs block#*0000020196

以 →
[U+4EE5]

Category:Han script characters#%20

令	U+F9A8, 令 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A8

← 獵
[U+F9A7]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Category:CJK Compatibility Ideographs block#*0000063912

囹 →
[U+F9A9]

Category:Unspecified script characters#%20

Translingual

Traditional	令
Simplified	令
Japanese	令
Korean	令

Han character

令Category:Translingual lemmas#人03令 Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#人03令 Category:Translingual symbols#人03令 Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#人03令 Category:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#人03令 Category:Pages with entries#令 Category:Pages with 5 entries#令 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+3, 5 strokes, Cangjie input 人戈弓戈 (OINI), four-corner 8030₇, composition ⿱亽龴(G) or ⿱亼龴(HTV) or ⿱亼𰆊(JK))Category:Han char with multiple ids Category:Han script characters#人03令

Derived characters

Stroke order
Traditional or simplified Japanese or Korean

伶, 冷, 呤, 坽, 姈, 岭, 泠, 彾, 駖, 怜, 炩, 拎, 昤, 朎, 柃, 玲, 𪽏, 𫤚, 𪾧, 𠄖, 砱, 羚, 狑, 紷, 聆, 蛉, 軨(𫐉), 鈴(铃), 魿, 竛, 齡(齢/龄), 刢, 𬾂, 瓴, 翎, 領(领), 鴒(鸰), 𬹴, 邻, 㡵, 命, 𩇙, 岺, 苓, 笭, 閝(𫠂), 零, 𩆖, 囹

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 93, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 387
Dae Jaweon: page 198, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 111, character 10
Unihan data for U+4EE4

Unihan data for U+F9A8

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 令
Shang		Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script j21073 j21074 j21075 j21076 j21077 j21078 j21079 j21080 j21081 j21082 j21083 j21084 j21085 j21086 j21087 j21088 j21089 j21090 j21091 j21092 j21093 j21094 j21095 j21096 j21097 j21098 j21099 j21100 j21101 j21102 j21103 j21104 j21105 j21106 j21107 j21108 j21109 j21110 j21111 j21112 j21113 j21114 j21115 j21116 j21117 j21118 j21119 j21120 j21121 j21122 j21123 j21124 j21125 j21126 j21127 j21128 j21129 j21130 j21131 j21132 j21133 j21134 j21135 j21136 j21137 j21138 j21139 j21140 j21141 j21142 j21143 j21144 j21145 j21146 j21147 j21148 j21149 j21150 j21151 j21152 j21153 j21154 j21155 j21156 j21157 j21158 j21159 j21160 j21161 j21162 j21163 j21164 j21165 j21166 j21167 j21168 j21169 j21170 Bronze inscriptions b13977 b13978 b13979 b13980 b13981 b13982 b13983 b13984 b13985 b13986 b13987 b13988 b13989 b13990 b13991 b13992 b13993 b13994 b13995 b13996 b13997 b13998 b13999 b14000 b14001 b14002 b14003 b14004 b14005 b14006 b14007 b14008 b14009 b14010 b14011 b14012 b14013 b14014 b14015 b14016 b14017 b14018 b14019 b14020 b14021 b14022 b14023 b14024 b14025 b14026 b14027 b14028 b14029 b14030 b14031 b14032 b14033 b14034 b14035 b14036 b14037 b14038 b14039 b14040 Small seal script s06555 Transcribed ancient scripts L37178 L37179 L37180 L37181 L37182 L37183 L37184 L37185 L37186 L24398 L24399 L24400 L24401 L24402 L24403 L24404 L24405 L24406 L24407 L24408 L24409
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (令) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
令	ren, reŋ, reŋs, reːŋ, *reːŋs
怜	riːn, reːŋ
零	riːŋ, reːŋ, *reːŋs
魿	ɡriŋ, reːŋ
命	*mreŋs
冷	raːŋʔ, reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
跉	reŋ, reːŋ
嶺	*reŋʔ
領	*reŋʔ
阾	reŋʔ, reːŋ
柃	reŋʔ, reːŋ
袊	*reŋʔ
詅	reŋs, reːŋ
旍	*ʔsleŋ
舲	*reːŋ
齡	*reːŋ
囹	*reːŋ
鴒	*reːŋ
蛉	*reːŋ
鈴	*reːŋ
苓	*reːŋ
伶	*reːŋ
泠	*reːŋ
瓴	*reːŋ
拎	*reːŋ
刢	*reːŋ
玲	*reːŋ
聆	*reːŋ
竛	*reːŋ
軨	*reːŋ
笭	reːŋ, reːŋʔ
翎	*reːŋ
閝	*reːŋ
鹷	*reːŋ
昤	*reːŋ
駖	*reːŋ
彾	*reːŋ
呤	*reːŋ
狑	*reːŋ
秢	*reːŋ
岭	*reːŋ
紷	*reːŋ
砱	*reːŋ
羚	*reːŋ
姈	*reːŋ
蕶	*reːŋ
澪	*reːŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意)Category:Han ideogrammic compounds#人03: 亼 + 卩. The upper part is an open mouth to convey the idea of giving orders, while the bottom part is a kneeling man. Compare 兄, in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders.

Etymology 1

trad.		令
simp. ^#		令

Usually thought to be related to 命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”) (Schuessler, 2007). As a surname, 令 has many origins, one of them is 令狐 (Línghú).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): lìng (ling⁴Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#令)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nin⁴

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): līng

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): līn
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ling⁶

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): ngeang³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): len⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): lin⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lin / liang

(Hailu, HRS): lin^˖ / liang^˖

(Meixian, Guangdong): lin⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): ling³
Northern Min (KCR): lēng
Eastern Min (BUC): lêng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ling⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lēng

(Teochew, Peng'im): lêng⁶

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ling⁶
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): liang⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶lin
- (Jinhua): ⁶lin
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lin⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lìng
  - Wade–Giles: ling⁴
  - Yale: lìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
  - Palladius: лин (lin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nin⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nin²¹³/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: līng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: līn
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): lin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lĩ⁴⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ling⁶
  - Yale: lihng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ling⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ling⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ²²/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: ngeang³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋəŋ³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: len⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /len³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: lin⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lin / liang
  - Hakka Romanization System: lin / liang
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lin⁴ / liang⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /lin⁵⁵/, /li̯aŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: lin^˖ / liang^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /lin³³/, /liaŋ³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: lin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /lin⁵³/

Note: liang/liang˖ - riddle.

Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ling³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /liŋ⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /leiŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri, Donghai)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ling⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: līng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ling⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lēng
  - Tâi-lô: līng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: leng
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /liɪŋ⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangpu): /lɛŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lêng⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /leŋ³⁵/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: ling⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /liŋ³³/
Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: liang⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liɐŋ²²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ⁶lin
  - MiniDict: lin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lin²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /liŋ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /liŋ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦlin³¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /lin²³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /liŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /lin¹¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /lin¹¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /liŋ¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /liŋ¹¹³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ⁶lin
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /liŋ¹⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: lin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 令
Mandarin	Beijing	/liŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/liŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/liŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/liŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/liŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/liŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/liŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/liə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/liŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/lĩn¹³/
	Ürümqi	/liŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nin³⁵/
	Chengdu	/nin¹³/
	Guiyang	/nin²¹³/
	Kunming	/lĩ¹/
	Nanjing	/lin⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/lin⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/liəŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/liŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/lĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/liŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/lin³¹/
	Hangzhou	/lin¹³/
	Wenzhou	/leŋ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/liʌ̃³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/lɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/lin⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/nin⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/lin²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/lin⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/lin⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/leŋ²²/
	Nanning	/leŋ²²/
	Hong Kong	/liŋ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/liŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/lɛiŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/leiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/leŋ³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/leŋ³³/ 使～(俗)

Middle Chinese: ljeng, ljengH, lengH

Rime
Character	令	令	令
Reading #	2/5	4/5	5/5
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	清 (121)	清 (121)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	IV
Fanqie	呂貞切	力政切	郎定切
Baxter	ljeng	ljengH	lengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇŋ/	/liᴇŋ^H/	/leŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛŋ/	/liɛŋ^H/	/leŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/liæŋ/	/liæŋ^H/	/lɛŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liajŋ/	/liajŋ^H/	/lɛjŋ^H/
Li Rong	/liɛŋ/	/liɛŋ^H/	/leŋ^H/
Wang Li	/lĭɛŋ/	/lĭɛŋ^H/	/lieŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ɛŋ/	/li̯ɛŋ^H/	/lieŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	líng	lìng	lìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ling⁴	ling⁶	ling⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*riŋ/, /*riŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*reŋ/, /*reŋs/, /*reːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	令	令
Reading #	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	líng	lìng
Middle Chinese	‹ ljeng ›	‹ ljeng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*riŋ/	/*riŋ-s/
English	send (a person)	issue a command
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	令	令	令
Reading #	2/5	3/5	5/5
No.	8277	8284	8332
Phonetic component	令	令	令
Rime group	耕	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	跉	令	零
Old Chinese	/*reŋ/	/*reŋs/	/*reːŋs/

Definitions

令Category:Chinese lemmas#人03 Category:Chinese hanzi#人03 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#人03 Category:Pages with entries#令 Category:Pages with 5 entries#令

to order; to command
order; command; directive
to make (someone do something); to cause; to allow
令人 ― lìngrén ― to make someone (do something); to make people [with adjective]Category:Mandarin terms with collocations
(historical Category:Chinese terms with historical senses#人03) governor; magistrate (official title)
(literary Category:Chinese literary terms#人03, or in compounds) good; excellent
- 令問笑談，非錢不發。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  令问笑谈，非钱不发。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty
  Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā. [Pinyin]
  Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
- 于時、初春令月、氣淑風和、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薰珮後之香。 [MSC, trad.]
  于时、初春令月、气淑风和、梅披镜前之粉、兰薰佩后之香。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū
  Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng. [Pinyin]
  It was in new spring, in a fair month,
  When the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.
  Plum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white
  And the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.
  Category:Mandarin terms with quotations
(literary Category:Chinese literary terms#人03, or in compounds) time; season
(literary Category:Chinese literary terms#人03, or in compounds) drinker's wager game; drinking game
(honorific Category:Chinese honorific terms#人03) your
令尊 ― lìngzūn ― your fatherCategory:Mandarin terms with collocations

令愛／令爱 ― lìng'ài ― your daughterCategory:Mandarin terms with collocations
(poetry Category:zh:Poetry#人03) short for 小令 (“ditty”)Category:Chinese redlinks/zh-l Category:Chinese short forms
a surnameCategory:Chinese surnames#人03

Synonyms

(to order):

edit

下令 (xiàlìng)
吩咐 (fēnfù)
命令 (mìnglìng)
指令 (zhǐlìng)
申令 (shēnlìng) (formal)
著令 (zhuólìng)
號令 / 号令 (hàolìng)
責令 / 责令 (zélìng)
責成 / 责成 (zéchéng)
飭令 / 饬令 (chìlìng) (dated, usually in official documents)

(order):

edit

上級給下級的指示 / 上级给下级的指示 (shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì)
命令 (mìnglìng)
指令 (zhǐlìng)
號令 / 号令 (hàolìng)
誡命 / 诫命 (jièmìng) (literary)

(to cause): 使 (shǐ), 讓／让 (ràng), (Cantonese) 令到 (ling6 dou3), 搞到 (gaau2 dou3)
(season):

edit

季候 (jìhòu) (dialectal)
季節 / 季节 (jìjié)
時令 / 时令
時節 / 时节 (shíjié)
歲時 / 岁时 (suìshí)
氣候 / 气候 (qìhòu) (literary)
節後 / 节后 (jiéhòu) (season and climate)

(drinker's wager game): 酒令 (jiǔlìng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (令):

→ Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)
→ Vietnamese: lệnh (令Category:Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes#令), lành (令Category:Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes#令)

Etymology 2

trad.		令
simp. ^#		令

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): líng, lìng (ling²Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#令, ling⁴Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#令)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ, ㄌㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ling⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: líng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: líng
  - Wade–Giles: ling²
  - Yale: líng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
  - Palladius: лин (lin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lìng
  - Wade–Giles: ling⁴
  - Yale: lìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
  - Palladius: лин (lin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ⁵¹/Category:Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations#líng
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ling⁴
  - Yale: lìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ling⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ling⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: leng

Rime
Character	令
Reading #	3/5
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎丁切
Baxter	leng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/leŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/leŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/leŋ/
Wang Li	/lieŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	líng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ling⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤiŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	令
Reading #	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	líng
Middle Chinese	‹ leng ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁiŋ/
English	脊令 tsjek.leng (a kind of water bird)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	令
Reading #	4/5
No.	8306
Phonetic component	令
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	靈
Old Chinese	/*reːŋ/

Category:Chinese lemmas#人03 Category:Mandarin lemmas#人03 Category:Cantonese lemmas#人03 Category:Middle Chinese lemmas#人03 Category:Old Chinese lemmas#人03 Category:Chinese hanzi#人03 Category:Mandarin hanzi#人03 Category:Cantonese hanzi#人03 Category:Middle Chinese hanzi#人03 Category:Old Chinese hanzi#人03 Category:Chinese nouns#人03 Category:Mandarin nouns#人03 Category:Cantonese nouns#人03 Category:Middle Chinese nouns#人03 Category:Old Chinese nouns#人03 Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation#人03 Category:Chinese terms spelled with 令#人03

Definitions

令Category:Chinese lemmas#人03 Category:Chinese hanzi#人03 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#人03 Category:Pages with entries#令 Category:Pages with 5 entries#令

used in 令狐 (Línghú)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#人03) used in 令利Category:Chinese redlinks/zh-l
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#人03) used in 令俜Category:Chinese redlinks/zh-l
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#人03) used in 令星Category:Chinese redlinks/zh-l
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#人03) used in 脊令
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#人03) Original form of 瓴 (líng).

Etymology 3

trad.		令
simp. ^#		令

Borrowed from English Category:Chinese terms borrowed from English#人03 Category:Chinese terms derived from English#人03 ream.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lǐng, lìng (ling³Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#令, ling⁴Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#令)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˇ, ㄌㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ling¹ / lim¹ / ling⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): len²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lǐng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lǐng
  - Wade–Giles: ling³
  - Yale: lǐng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liing
  - Palladius: лин (lin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lìng
  - Wade–Giles: ling⁴
  - Yale: lìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
  - Palladius: лин (lin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ⁵¹/Category:Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations#lǐng
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ling¹ / lim¹ / ling⁵
  - Yale: līng / līm / líhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ling¹ / lim¹ / ling⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: ling¹ / lim¹ / ling⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ⁵⁵/, /liːm⁵⁵/, /lɪŋ¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: len²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /len⁵⁵/

Category:Chinese lemmas#人03 Category:Mandarin lemmas#人03 Category:Cantonese lemmas#人03 Category:Taishanese lemmas#人03 Category:Chinese hanzi#人03 Category:Mandarin hanzi#人03 Category:Cantonese hanzi#人03 Category:Taishanese hanzi#人03 Category:Chinese classifiers#人03 Category:Mandarin classifiers#人03 Category:Cantonese classifiers#人03 Category:Taishanese classifiers#人03 Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation#人03 Category:Chinese terms spelled with 令#人03

Definitions

令Category:Chinese lemmas#人03 Category:Chinese hanzi#人03 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#人03 Category:Pages with entries#令 Category:Pages with 5 entries#令

Classifier for reams of paper.
两令新闻纸 ― liǎng lìng xīnwénzhǐ ― two reams of newsprintCategory:Mandarin terms with collocations

一令牛皮纸 ― yī lìng niúpízhǐ ― two reams of brown paperCategory:Mandarin terms with collocations

Etymology 4

trad.		令
simp. ^#		令

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lián (lian²Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#令)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lián
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lián
  - Wade–Giles: lien²
  - Yale: lyán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
  - Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɛn³⁵/

Middle Chinese: ljen

Rime
Character	令
Reading #	1/5
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力延切
Baxter	ljen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/ljæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lian/
Li Rong	/liɛn/
Wang Li	/lĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lin⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ren/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	令
Reading #	1/5
No.	8271
Phonetic component	令
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	連
Old Chinese	/*ren/

Category:Chinese lemmas#人03 Category:Mandarin lemmas#人03 Category:Middle Chinese lemmas#人03 Category:Old Chinese lemmas#人03 Category:Chinese hanzi#人03 Category:Mandarin hanzi#人03 Category:Middle Chinese hanzi#人03 Category:Old Chinese hanzi#人03 Category:Chinese nouns#人03 Category:Mandarin nouns#人03 Category:Middle Chinese nouns#人03 Category:Old Chinese nouns#人03 Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation#人03 Category:Chinese terms spelled with 令#人03

Definitions

令Category:Chinese lemmas#人03 Category:Chinese hanzi#人03 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#人03 Category:Pages with entries#令 Category:Pages with 5 entries#令

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#人03) only used in 令居 (“ancient county in modern Gansu”)Category:Chinese redlinks/zh-l

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 令Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#令 Category:Chinese links with redundant alt parameters#令 – see 齡 (“age; length of time; duration; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 齡).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Compounds

一令
一聲令下 / 一声令下
下令 (xiàlìng)
三令五申 (sānlìngwǔshēn)
下逐客令 (xiàzhúkèlìng)
不令
中大夫令 (zhōngdàfū lìng)
中書令 / 中书令
京畿令
令尹 (lìngyǐn)
令人 (lìngrén)
令人不齒 / 令人不齿
令人切齒 / 令人切齿
令人心寒
令人意外
令人扼腕
令人捧腹
令人激賞 / 令人激赏
令人矚目 / 令人瞩目
令人神往
令人絕倒 / 令人绝倒
令人髮指 / 令人发指 (lìngrénfàzhǐ)
令人齒冷 / 令人齿冷
令兄 (lìngxiōng)
令公
令典
令出如山
令出必行
令出惟行
令史 (lìngshǐ)
令名 (lìngmíng)
令君
令嗣
令器
令坦 (lìngtǎn)
令堂 (lìngtáng)
令士
令姊
令妻
令妹 (lìngmèi)
令媛 (lìngyuàn)
令婿
令嬡 / 令嫒 (lìng'ài)
令子
令字旗
令官
令尊 (lìngzūn)
令尊大人
令岳
令弟 (lìngdì)
令德
令愛 / 令爱 (lìng'ài)
令慈
令旗
令日
令旨
令月 (lìngyuè)
令望
令正
令母
令牌 (lìngpái)
令狐
令甲
令節 / 令节
令箭 (lìngjiàn)
令箭荷花
令終 / 令终
令翠
令聞 / 令闻 (lìngwén)
令舅
令色 (lìngsè)
令行禁止 (lìngxíngjìnzhǐ)
令親 / 令亲 (lìngqīn)
令譽 / 令誉 (lìngyù)
令辰
令郎 (lìngláng)
令閣 / 令阁
令閫 / 令阃
使令 (shǐlìng)
來令片 / 来令片
借令
傳令 / 传令 (chuánlìng)
傳令兵 / 传令兵
先令 (xiānlìng)
光桿司令 / 光杆司令 (guānggǎn sīlìng)
冬令 (dōnglìng)
冬令進補 / 冬令进补
利令智昏 (lìlìngzhìhūn)
功令
劭令
勒令 (lèlìng)
動員令 / 动员令 (dòngyuánlìng)
即令 (jílìng)
口令 (kǒulìng)
司令 (sīlìng)
司令官 (sīlìngguān)
司令臺 / 司令台
司令部 (sīlìngbù)
召集令
吃口令
命令 (mìnglìng)
命令主義 / 命令主义 (mìnglìngzhǔyì)
命令句 (mìnglìngjù)
喝令 (hèlìng)
喊口令
善始令終 / 善始令终
園令 / 园令
夏令 (xiàlìng)
夏令時間 / 夏令时间
夏令營 / 夏令营 (xiàlìngyíng)
外交詞令 / 外交词令
外交辭令 / 外交辞令 (wàijiāo cílìng)
大令
大行令 (dàxínglìng)
太史令 (tàishǐ lìng)
奉令 (fènglìng)
奉令承教
如律令
媽媽令兒 / 妈妈令儿
密令 (mìlìng)
將令 / 将令 (jiànglìng)
小令
尚書令 / 尚书令 (shàngshūlìng)
就令
屬令 / 属令
巧言令色 (qiǎoyánlìngsè)
巽令
帥令 / 帅令
廟令 / 庙令
律令 (lǜlìng)
得令 (délìng)
從令如流 / 从令如流
急令 (jílìng)
急口令 (jíkǒulìng)
慾令智昏 / 欲令智昏 (yùlìngzhìhūn)
憲令 / 宪令
應時當令 / 应时当令
戒嚴令 / 戒严令 (jièyánlìng)
手令 (shǒulìng)
打令 (dǎlìng)
抱令守律
拗口令 (àokǒulìng)
指令 (zhǐlìng)
挾主行令 / 挟主行令
支付命令
政令 (zhènglìng)
政令不一
教令
敕令 (chìlìng)
施令
明令 (mínglìng)
明法審令 / 明法审令
春令 (chūnlìng)
時令 / 时令
時令病 / 时令病 (shílìngbìng)
月令
朝令夕改 (zhāolìngxīgǎi)
朝令暮改
法令 (fǎlìng)
油令
火牌令箭
特令 (tèlìng)
特赦令
生申令日
申令 (shēnlìng)
當令 / 当令 (dānglìng)
當時得令 / 当时得令
發令槍 / 发令枪
發號令 / 发号令
發號出令 / 发号出令
發號布令 / 发号布令 (fāhàobùlìng)
發號施令 / 发号施令 (fāhàoshīlìng)
白令 (Báilìng)
白令海 (Báilìng Hǎi)
白令海峽 / 白令海峡 (Báilìng Hǎixiá)
盧令 / 卢令
目使頤令 / 目使颐令
省令
禁令 (jìnlìng)
禁制令 (jìnzhìlìng)
秋令
科令
稟令 / 禀令
節令 / 节令 (jiélìng)
緊急命令 / 紧急命令
縣令 / 县令
縱令 / 纵令 (zònglìng)
總司令 / 总司令 (zǒngsīlìng)
繞口令 / 绕口令 (ràokǒulìng)
纏令 / 缠令
老令婆
考工令
耍令
聽令 / 听令 (tīnglìng)
脊令在原
荀令香
薙髮令 / 剃发令
蘭臺令史 / 兰台令史
號令 / 号令 (hàolìng)
號令如山 / 号令如山
號令森嚴 / 号令森严
行令 (xínglìng)
行政命令 (xíngzhèng mìnglìng)
行酒令 (xíng jiǔlìng)
觥令
訓令 / 训令 (xùnlìng)
討令 / 讨令
詞令 / 词令
詔令 / 诏令 (zhàolìng)
調令 / 调令 (diàolìng)
諂詞令色 / 谄词令色
諭令 / 谕令 (yùlìng)
貳令 / 贰令
趙令畤 / 赵令畤
軍令 / 军令 (jūnlìng)
軍令如山 / 军令如山 (jūnlìngrúshān)
軍令狀 / 军令状 (jūnlìngzhuàng)
辭令 / 辞令 (cílìng)
迫令 (pòlìng)
通令 (tōnglìng)
逐客令
通緝令 / 通缉令 (tōngjīlìng)
達令 / 达令 (dálìng)
違令 / 违令 (wéilìng)
郭令公
酒令 (jiǔlìng)
鈞令 / 钧令
閫令 / 阃令
關令 / 关令
限令 (xiànlìng)
陰令 / 阴令
雜板令 / 杂板令
電腦指令 / 电脑指令
飭令 / 饬令 (chìlìng)
鮑令暉 / 鲍令晖
點召令 / 点召令
鼓令

Etymology 6

trad.		令
simp. ^#		令
alternative forms		炩

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Cognate with Hakka 亮 (lang, “smooth and shiny”)?”

Category:Requests for etymologies in Chinese entries#人03

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): ling³

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ling³
  - Yale: ling
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ling³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ling³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ³³/

Category:Chinese lemmas#人03 Category:Cantonese lemmas#人03 Category:Chinese hanzi#人03 Category:Cantonese hanzi#人03 Category:Chinese adjectives#人03 Category:Cantonese adjectives#人03 Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation#人03 Category:Chinese terms spelled with 令#人03

Definitions

令Category:Chinese lemmas#人03 Category:Chinese hanzi#人03 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#人03 Category:Pages with entries#令 Category:Pages with 5 entries#令

(Cantonese Category:Cantonese Chinese#人03) glossy; smooth and shiny

Compounds

蠟蠟靚 / 蜡蜡靓 (laap³ laap³ ling³) (Cantonese)

References

Kleeman, J. (2010). 令 in Oxford Chinese Dictionary C-E, 1st ed (Yu, H. ed.). Oxford University Press & Foreign Language & Research Press. ISBN: 978-0199207619
“令”, in 漢語多功能字庫Category:Chinese terms with redundant script codes#令 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#令 Category:Chinese links with redundant alt parameters#令 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “令”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 270.

Category:Intermediate Mandarin#人03

Japanese

Kanji

令

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Category:Japanese kanji#人03 Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#人03 Category:Japanese fourth grade kanji#人03 Category:Japanese kyōiku kanji#人03 Category:Japanese jōyō kanji#人03

Readings

Compounds

令旨(りょうじ) (ryōji)
令外(りょうげ) (ryōge)
令月(れいげつ) (reigetsu)
令(れい)兄(けい) (reikei)
令(れい)閨(けい) (reikei)
令史(れいし) (reishi)
令(れい)室(しつ) (reishitsu)
令状(れいじょう) (reijō)
令(れい)嬢(じょう) (reijō)
令(れい)色(しょく) (reishoku)
令(れい)息(そく) (reisoku)
令(れい)夫人(ふじん) (reifujin)
令(れい)名(めい) (reimei)
禁令(きんれい) (kinrei)
訓令(くんれい) (kunrei)
号令(ごうれい) (gōrei)
司令(しれい) (shirei)
指令(しれい) (shirei)
辞令(じれい) (jirei)
条(じょう)令(れい) (jōrei)
勅令(ちょくれい) (chokurei)
伝令(でんれい) (denrei)
発令(はつれい) (hatsurei)
布令(ふれい) (furei)
法令(ほうれい) (hōrei)
命令(めいれい) (meirei)
律(りつ)令(りょう) (ritsuryō)
御布令(おふれ) (ofure)
県(けん)令(れい) (kenrei)
令史(さかん) (sakan)
仮令(たとい), 縦令(たとい) (tatoi), 仮令(たとえ), 縦令(たとえ) (tatoe)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
令
れい Grade: 4
kan'on

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 令 read as れい#れい Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#れい Category:Japanese terms read with kan'on#れい

From Middle Chinese Category:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese#れい Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#れい令 (MC ljeng), 令 (MC ljengH), or 令 (MC lengH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) れー [réꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɾe̞ː]Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation#れい

Category:Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)#れい Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent#れい

Noun

an order, command, decree
Synonyms: 言い付け (iitsuke), 命令 (meirei)
(historical Category:Japanese terms with historical senses#れい Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#れい) in ancient China, a regional governor or magistrate
(historical Category:Japanese terms with historical senses#れい) in the early Meiji period, the forerunner of a 知事 (chiji, “prefectural governor”)
(historical Category:Japanese terms with historical senses#れい) in the Kamakura period, the vice-minister of the 政所 (mandokoro, “office of financial affairs”)
(historical Category:Japanese terms with historical senses#れい) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system, This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.Category:Requests for definitions in Japanese entries#れい
Synonym: 坊令 (bōrei)
(rare Category:Japanese terms with rare senses#れい Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#れい, law Category:ja:Law#れい Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#れい, historical Category:Japanese terms with historical senses#れい Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#れい) an administrative and civil code developed during the Qin dynasty that was, alongside the 律 (ritsu), spread throughout East Asia especially Japan where it was further revised into the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system

Affix

Derived terms

令和(れいわ) (Reiwa): the Reiwa era
生(しょう)類(るい)憐(あわれ)みの令(れい) (Shōrui Awaremi no Rei)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
令
りょう Grade: 4
goon

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 令 read as りょう#りょう Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#りょう Category:Japanese terms read with goon#りょう

/rjau/ → /rjɔː/ → /rjoː/

From Middle Chinese Category:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese#れい令 (MC ljeng), 令 (MC ljengH), or 令 (MC lengH).

Korean

Etymology

“to cause; to order; etc.”

From Middle Chinese Category:Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese#令令 (MC ljeng).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 려ᇰ (Yale: lyeng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운Category:Korean links with redundant wikilinks#令), 1448.Category:Middle Korean hanja#令
Recorded as Middle Korean 령 (lyeng)^訓 (Yale: lyeng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.Category:Middle Korean hanja#令

“an order; a command”

From Middle Chinese Category:Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese#令令 (MC ljengH).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 려ᇰ〮 (Yale: lyéng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운Category:Korean links with redundant wikilinks#令), 1448.Category:Middle Korean hanja#令
Recorded as Middle Korean 러ᇰ〮 (léng)^訓 (Yale: léng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회Category:Korean links with redundant wikilinks#令), 1527.Category:Middle Korean hanja#令
Recorded as Middle Korean 령 ( lyeng)^訓 (Yale: lyeng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.Category:Middle Korean hanja#令

Pronunciation

(initial position)
- (an order; to cause; to order; etc.):
  - (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [jʌ̹ŋ]
  - Phonetic hangul: [영]
- (in 영감 (令監, yeonggam)):
  - (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [jɘ(ː)ŋ]Category:Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable#令
  - Phonetic hangul: [영(ː)]
    - Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
(non-initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɾjʌ̹ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [령]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

令

令 (eumhun 하여금 령 (hayeogeum ryeong), word-initial (South Korea) 하여금 영 (hayeogeum yeong))Category:Korean lemmas#령 Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#령 Category:Korean hanja#령 Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#령 Category:Pages with entries#令 Category:Pages with 5 entries#令

hanja form^? of 령/영 (“an order; a command”)Category:Korean hanja forms#令
hanja form^? of 령/영 (“to cause; to allow”)Category:Korean hanja forms#令
hanja form^? of 령/영 (“to order; to command”)Category:Korean hanja forms#令

Compounds

가령 (假令, garyeong)
각령 (閣令, gangnyeong)
교령 (敎令, gyoryeong)
구령 (口令, guryeong)
군령 (軍令, gullyeong)
금령 (禁令, geumnyeong)
대령 (待令, daeryeong)
동령 (動令, dongnyeong)
명령 (命令, myeongnyeong, “order”)
발령 (發令, ballyeong)
법령 (法令, beomnyeong)
설령 (設令, seollyeong)
시령 (時令, siryeong)
영감 (令監, yeonggam)
영달 (令達, yeongdal)
영명 (令名, yeongmyeong)
영애 (令愛, yeong'ae)
영인 (令人, yeong'in)
영장 (令狀, yeongjang)
율령 (律令, yullyeong)
전령 (傳令, jeollyeong)
정령 (政令, jeongnyeong)
지령 (指令, jiryeong)
칙령 (勅令, chingnyeong)
타령 (打令, taryeong)
호령 (號令, horyeong)
훈령 (訓令, hullyeong)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

令: Hán Việt readings: lệnh^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9], lịnh^[2]^[3]^[7]^[8]^[9], lậnh^[7]^[8]^[9], linh^[1]^[6]Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán#人03 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters
令: Nôm readings: lênh^[1]^[2]^[3]^[5], lanh^[1]^[2]^[5], lành^[1]^[2]^[5], linh^[1]^[2], rình^[1]^[2], liệng^[3]^[4], lình^[3]^[5], lạnh^[1], lềnh^[1], liêng^[1], rành^[1], lệnh^[3], loanh^[3]Category:Vietnamese Nom#人03 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters

chữ Hán form of lệnh (“order; decree”)Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán
chữ Nôm form of lanh (“used in long lanh (“sparkling; glistening”)”)Category:Vietnamese Nom
chữ Nôm form of lành (“good; kind; mild; gentle”)Category:Vietnamese Nom
chữ Nôm form of lạnh (“cold”)Category:Vietnamese Nom
chữ Nôm form of lênh (“used in công lênh (“effort”)”)Category:Vietnamese Nom
chữ Nôm form of liêng (“used in thiêng liêng (“spiritual; sacred”)”)Category:Vietnamese Nom
chữ Nôm form of linh (“used in lung linh (“shimmering; glistening”)”)Category:Vietnamese Nom
chữ Nôm form of rành (“(Central Vietnam Category:Central Vietnamese#人03, Southern Vietnam Category:Southern Vietnamese#人03, rare Category:Vietnamese terms with rare senses#人03) clear; plain; evident”)Category:Vietnamese Nom

Compounds

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Nguyễn (2014).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Trần (2004).
1 2 Takeuchi (1988).
1 2 3 4 5 Hồ (1976).
1 2 Thiều Chửu (1942).
1 2 3 Bonet (1899).
1 2 3 Génibrel (1898).
1 2 3 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[DJR-1] 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#令 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#令 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[tdcndg-3] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-4] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-5] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Trần (2004).

[takeuchi-6] 1 2 Takeuchi (1988).

[btcn-7] 1 2 3 4 5 Hồ (1976).

[tchvtd-8] 1 2 Thiều Chửu (1942).

[bonet-9] 1 2 3 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-10] 1 2 3 Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-11] 1 2 3 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

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[9]

Wikimore

令

Translingual

Han character

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References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Definitions

Etymology 5

Compounds

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Affix

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Proper noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

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Proper noun

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Korean

Etymology

Pronunciation

Hanja

Compounds

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Vietnamese

Han character

Compounds

References